Addressing Radial Feeder Challenges Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Addressing Radial Feeder Challenges Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Addressing Radial Feeder Challenges Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF C1 - Rated) C.Eng, FIET, FIE, FIETE, SMIEEE, PrEng, SMSAIEE with Microgrids Contact: +27 (0) 713519332 (Cell) Email : ChowdhurySP@tut.ac.za spchowdhury2010@gmail.com

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Addressing Radial Feeder Challenges with Microgrids

  • Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF C1 - Rated)

C.Eng, FIET, FIE, FIETE, SMIEEE, PrEng, SMSAIEE Contact: +27 (0) 713519332 (Cell) Email : ChowdhurySP@tut.ac.za spchowdhury2010@gmail.com

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  • Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF C1 - Rated)

C.Eng, FIET, FIE, FIETE, SMIEEE, PrEng, SMSAIEE Contact: +27 (0) 713519332 (Cell) Email : ChowdhurySP@tut.ac.za spchowdhury2010@gmail.com

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Ag Agenda enda

  • 1. Background at a glance
  • 2. Current Practice
  • 3. Hybridisation Paradigm
  • 4. Performance Improvement
  • 5. Way forward – HESS ??

Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Live your life. Create your destiny.

Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria West, South Africa

Technikons

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Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria West, South Africa Main Campus Administrative Building

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Covering 4 provinces by 12 campuses

Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria West, South Africa

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Tshwane University of Technology

Teaching and Learning Research and Innovation Community Engagement

2700 Permanent Staff 855 Academics

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Tshwane University of Technology

7 Faculties

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  • Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF Rated)

Finali alist st of dti Techn hnol

  • log
  • gy Awar

ard 2013

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Tshwane University of Technology

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

P.K. Sadhu Professor Application of High Frequency Inverter in Induction Heating. 2002 J.K. Das MD, DVC Development of a Complete Restoration Plan for An Interconnected Power System through Knowledge Based Algorithm 2004

  • S. Bhuyan

Professor Development of Application Tools for Power System Operation and Planning 2006 P. Mitra, ABB Sr Manager Neuro-Fuzzy Based Power System Stabilizer and Automatic Voltage Regulator in Small Signal Stability 2007

  • K. Mitra

Professor Competitive Strategies in the Marine Transportation Industry : Case of the Kolkata Port Trust 2007 A.K. Saha Sr Lecturer Fuzzy Neural Network Based Computing Models for Electric Load Forecasting 2009 A.K.Basu Assoc Prof Microgrid : Design of its Energy Management System 2012

  • P. Basak

Asst Prof Distributed Energy Resources Integration : An Emerging Power Scenario 2012

  • A. Sinha, MD

Cape Gemini ERP- based Power Plant Management 2013 L Ramesh Assoc Prof Distribution system management and loss minimization 2014

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

Simplice Noubissie An efficiency control algorithm for building automation systems in government buildings in South Africa (CSIR Scholarship holder) 2018 Nhamo Dhlamini The impact of large penetration of photovoltaic generation on the utility grid: A case study for South Africa. 2018 Maxwell Sibanyoni A Study on Synchronization of single phase inverters in South African grid with high degree of penetration of renewable energy 2018 Macdonald Nko Investigation of storage facility for renewable energy system using solar power plant as base source: A case study for South Africa 2018 Hugues Kazeza Optimization of a Solar PV based Water Pumping Systems 2018 Prosper Tembe A study on the residential energy efficiency programme framework in South Africa. 2018 Banjo Aderemi Dynamic Energy Saving for Hybrid Powered Mobile Cellular Base Station 2018 Mpho Lencwe Performance enhancement of Lead Acid-Super Capacitor hybrid battery 2018 Raymond Kene Performance Prediction of Photovoltaic Arrays 2018

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Ag Agenda enda

  • 1. Background at a glance
  • 2. Current Practice
  • 3. Hybridisation Paradigm
  • 4. Performance Improvement
  • 5. Way forward – HESS ??

Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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  • Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF Rated)

Finali alist st of dti Techn hnol

  • log
  • gy Awar

ard 2013

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  • Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF Rated)

Finali alist st of dti Techn hnol

  • log
  • gy Awar

ard 2013

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  • Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF Rated)

Finali alist st of dti Techn hnol

  • log
  • gy Awar

ard 2013

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Distributed Generation

Distributed Generation (DG)/Distributed Energy Resources (DER) : Generating power locally at distribution voltage level through non- conventional/renewable energy sources. Accepted attributes of DG :

  • not centrally planned by the power utility, nor centrally dispatched
  • small to medium capacity DERs (w.r.t. generating capacity of the

utility) connected to MV and LV utility grid Generation Technologies: Wind turbines, Solar Photovoltaic, Fuel Cells, Microturbines Energy sources : wind power, sunlight, hydrocarbons, biofuels, natural gas, landfill gas, geothermal energy, etc. Why Distributed Generation? Gradual depletion of fossil fuel, Poor energy efficiency, Environmental pollution, Global warming and climate change

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Active Distribution Network

Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

Major Transition Passive distribution networks with unidirectional power flow  Active distribution networks with bidirectional power flow Passive and Active Distribution Networks

  • Presence of DG/DER in Distribution networks

Why Active Distribution Networks?

  • Better power quality and reliability
  • Integrating renewable DERs & energy storage devices
  • Carbon commitment in reducing emissions
  • Asset utilization and management by deferral of new

investment

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Microgrids

Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

Small scale, LV, CHP, Active Distribution Networks:

  • Conglomerate of DERs and loads at LV
  • Small scale DERs are called Microsources.
  • Microsource Controllers and power electronic

interfaces maintain power quality and energy

  • utput.
  • Microgrids are single controlled units that meet

local energy needs for reliability and security.

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Typical Microgrid Structure

Trans ansactiv active Ener nergy thr through

  • ugh Justg

ustgrids rids by by Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

CB4 CB2 CB1 FEEDER B 415V MICROGRID BUS FROM 6KV MAIN GRID BUS

CHP SOURCE MC HEAT LOAD STORAGE DEVICE MC NON-CHP SOURCE MC

CB3

CHP SOURCE MC HEAT LOAD NON-CHP SOURCE MC STORAGE DEVICE MC MICROGRID MAIN GRID

FEEDER A FEEDER C

CC 6KV/415V DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER IN MAIN GRID CC – Central Controller MC – Microsource Controller CB – Circuit Breaker SCB – Sectionalising Circuit Brea CHP – Combined Heat and Powe

SCB SCB SCB SCB

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Network Management Needs

Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

Microsource Generation Control Load Balancing, Maximum energy saving, Load Prioritizing Thermal Process Control Control and monitoring, Joint optimization of heat and electricity, Heat recovery from the sources Energy Storage Controlling energy storage devices for uninterruptible supply during contingencies and disturbances Regulation and Load Shifting Smoothing out the electrical load with storage devices and Load Shifting Ancillary Services Voltage regulation, spinning reserve, peak shaving, riding through grid voltage

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Microgids Operation

Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury hury

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

LA LAB Cha harac racteristic teristics

Battery Technology Advantages Disadvantages LABs Low cost Heavy and bulky Available in large quantities Unsuitable for fast charging Abuse-resistant Short lifespan High tolerance to overcharge High self-discharge during high temperature In-built self-balancing mechanism Limited energy density (30 - 40Wh/kg) Low internal resistance consequently deliver very high current Not good for the environment Amenable to float-charging and trickle- charging

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

LI LIB Cha haracte acteristic ristics

Battery Technology Advantages Disadvantages LIBs Smaller and lighter Moderate initial cost High charging rate Degrades at high temperature High energy and power density per unit mass Need for protective circuitry High energy efficiency Sensitive to overcharge and deep discharge No memory effects Relative long lifespan High capacity High rate and High [power discharge capability Low self-discharge No maintenance required Broad temperature range of operation

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

SC Cha haracte acteristic ristics

Battery Technology Advantages Disadvantages SCs Virtually Unlimited Life Cycle Low Energy Density High power density, Low resistance, High Load Current Quite High Cost per Watt Super Fast Charging (in Seconds), No End-

  • f-Charge Requirement

Linear Discharge prevents Full Energy Spectrum Simple Charging, No Problem of Overcharging High Self-Discharge Safe, Forgiving if Abused Low Cell Voltage Excellent Low Temperature Charge/Discharge Performance

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

Com

  • mpa

parison rison of

  • f LA

LAB-LIB LIB-SC SC BE BESS SS

Energy Density (Wh/kg) Power density (W/kg) Nominal Voltage ( V) Cycle life life- span (year) Self- discharge/ Month Cost ($/kWh ) LAB 30 -50 100 - 250 2 200- 300 2 – 5 2% 50 – 65 LIBs 100-200 100-28k 3.7 500- 1000 7 -12 2 -10% 500-600 SC 5-15 >10k 2.5 600- 1400 8 -15 2 -10% 1000- 5000

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

Comparison mparison of f HBESS BESS

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Ag Agenda enda

  • 1. Background at a glance
  • 2. Current Practice
  • 3. Hybridisation Paradigm
  • 4. Performance Improvement
  • 5. Way forward – HESS ??

Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Ag Agenda enda

  • 1. Background at a glance
  • 2. Current Practice
  • 3. Hybridisation Paradigm
  • 4. Performance Improvement
  • 5. Way forward – HESS ??

Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury hury

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Battery Management Strategy

Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Battery Management Strategy

Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Ag Agenda enda

  • 1. Background at a glance
  • 2. Current Practice
  • 3. Hybridisation Paradigm
  • 4. Performance Improvement
  • 5. Way forward – HESS ??

Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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What Africa needs for Energy Poverty Alleviation Probably the answer is embedded in the recent activities of the Department of Energy! Tapping Energy from Hybrid Distributed Energy Resources With Hybrid Battery Energy Storage Systems

  • Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF Rated)

Courtesy: California Public Utilities Commission Policy & Planning divison

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  • Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF Rated)

Finali alist st of dti Techn hnol

  • log
  • gy Awar

ard 2013

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  • Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF Rated)

Finali alist st of dti Techn hnol

  • log
  • gy Awar

ard 2013

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Tshwane University of Technology

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Microgrid Bricks

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Community Grids in Pretoria Townships

Prof SP Daniel Chowdhury

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Courtesy:- Waldemar Bussiahn

  • Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF C1-Rated)

Final alist st of dti Techn hnol

  • log
  • gy Awar

ard 2013

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  • Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF Rated)

Finali alist st of dti Techn hnol

  • log
  • gy Awar

ard 2013

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Courtesy:- Waldemar Bussiahn

  • Prof. SP DANIEL Chowdhury (NRF C1-Rated)

Final alist st of dti Techn hnol

  • log
  • gy Awar

ard 2013