adapted from presentation by Brandon Bywater, Nisqually River - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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adapted from presentation by brandon bywater nisqually
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adapted from presentation by Brandon Bywater, Nisqually River - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 20, 2023 39 likes •512 views

adapted from presentation by Brandon Bywater, Nisqually River Education Project Water Quality Monitoring All life on EARTH depends on WATER. 75 % of the Earths surface is covered in WATER! surface water The Water Cycle Evaporation

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adapted from presentation by Brandon Bywater, Nisqually River Education Project

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Water Quality Monitoring

All life on EARTH depends on WATER.

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75 %

  • f the Earth’s

surface is covered in WATER!

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surface water

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The Water Cycle

Evaporation Condensation (cools and forms clouds) Precipitation (rain & snow) Infiltration (groundwater) Runoff

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What’s the point?!?!

Water is a LIMITED RESOURCE.

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Watershed: What is it?

All of the land that drains into a common body of water. Includes: Living things Non-living things Cultures Traditions

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Puget Sound Watershed

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Thurston County Watersheds

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Totten Watershed

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ELD Watershed

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Deschutes Watershed

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Henderson Watershed

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History of Squaxin People

Image: http://squaxinisland.org/

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SALMON are an important piece of our ecosystems, economy, culture and traditions.

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Point vs. Non-point Pollution

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POINT SOURCE POLLUTION

Can be managed and controlled. Easier to form strategies for cleanup. Often managed by EPA.

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NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION

Harder to identify and isolate. Often has millions of contributors.

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Water Quality Testing

✘ Dissolved Oxygen ✘ Temperature ✘ pH ✘ Biochemical Oxygen Demand ✘ Nitrates ✘ Turbidity ✘ Total Solids ✘ Fecal Coliform

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1.

Dissolved Oxygen

How much OXYGEN is in the water.

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Animals in the water breathe in oxygen

Optimal Acceptabl e Poor Fatal Salmon >9 mg/L 7-8 mg/L 3.5 - 6 mg/L <3.5 mg/L

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2.

Temperature

How HOT or COLD the water is. (measured in degrees Celsius)

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warm water = dead fish

Cold water holds MORE dissolved oxygen.

cold water = healthy and happy fish

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3.

pH

How ACIDIC or BASIC the water is.

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“ 7 ” is NEUTRAL on the acid-Base scale. 1-6 Acidic 8-14 Basic

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Changes in pH affect aquatic organisms.

Optimal Acceptabl e Fatal Salmon 7 - 8 6.5 - 8 < 6.5

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4.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

How much OXYGEN is being used in the water by BACTERIA.

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Day 1 (D.O.) - Day 5 (D.O.) Optimal value: < 6.0 mg/L

When there is more bacteria in water, it uses up more oxygen. This leaves less available oxygen for

  • ther animals in the water.
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5.

Nitrates

How many nutrients are in the water.

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Too many NITRATES feed bacteria.

Nitrogen from fertilizers. Rain events wash nitrogen into streams. More nitrogen creates more food for bacteria.

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Making connections

More Nitrogen More Bacteria Less Dissolved Oxygen For Animals

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6.

Turbidity

How CLEAR or CLOUDY the water is.

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How does TURBIDITY affect animals in the water?

Increases temperature Decreases visibility (predators can’t find prey & prey can’t avoid predators) Affects breathing Smothers salmon eggs

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7.

Total Solids

The weight of CLOUDINESS in the WATER.

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Optimal value

  • f Total Solids

= < 25 mg/L

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8.

Fecal Coliform

How much bacteria is in the water. (from the feces of warm blooded animals)

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Fecal coliform lives in the digestive tract of:

Farm animals Human beings Wildlife Pets

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Human health concerns affected by fecal coliform bacteria in water.

Most common form of fecal coliform bacteria is :

  • E. coli

This can make people very sick.

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Scenarios that may Affect Water Quality

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WHITE WATER Scenario #1

INCREASES: Turbidity Total Solids Dissolved Oxygen

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FERTILIZER Scenario #2

INCREASES: Nitrates Turbidity Total Solids DECREASES: Dissolved Oxygen

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TRASH Scenario #3

DECREASES: Dissolved Oxygen INCREASES: Fecal Coliform Temperature Turbidity (leaching) pH

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INCREASES: Nitrates Fecal Coliform Turbidity Total Solids DECREASES: Dissolved Oxygen

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CITIES Scenario #5

INCREASES: Turbidity Total Solids Temperature Nitrates pH Fecal Coliform DECREASES: Dissolved Oxygen point

  • r

non-point

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HEALTHY RIPARIAN ZONE Scenario #6

DECREASES: Temperature Turbidity Total Solids INCREASES: Dissolved Oxygen