Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism

Adaptation strategies to climate change

• f Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism
• J. Muntané-Puig, F. López-i-Gelats, E. Varela,
• E. Oteros-Rozas, G. Dean and M.G. Rivera-Ferre

2nd International Conference ADAPToCLIMATE 24-25 June 2019 Heraklion, Crete Island, Greece

With support from:

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism 2

• 1. Research context
• 2. Objectives
• 3. Methodology
• 4. Preliminary results
• 5. Preliminary conclusions

Outline

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism Source: Weber and Horst (2011), in Niamir-Fuller 1999

• 120 to 190 million of pastoralists (Raas, 2006; ETC, 2009)
• Practiced on 25% of the global land (UN, 2010)

Pastoralism in the world

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• 1. Research context

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism

Pastoralism in Spain

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• 1. Research context

Map: IGN (2015)

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism

Pastoralism / Extensive livestock farming Vulnerability of pastoralism… …2 positions:

a) Highly vulnerable to climate-related hazards (dependence on environment) b) Well-equipped to tackle climate variability (ability to adapt to change) – role of climate change and non-climatic drivers

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• 1. Research context

DROUGHT CHANGES IN SEASONALITY RISING TEMPERATURES LESS SNOW / GLACIER RETREAT SNOWSTORMS STRONG WINDS AND SAND-DUST FLOODS FROST …

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism

To better understand ongoing transformations of pastoralism in Mediterranean Spain by:

• 1. Compiling and analysing existing knowledge (climate- and non-climate-

related drivers)

• 2. Examining patterns and trends across different pastoral regions

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• 2. Objectives

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism

• 1. Literature review (world-wide) – López-i-Gelats et al (2016)
• 2. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)
• Semi-structured interviews to 25 key informants
• Iterative process of coding and re-coding
• 3. Surveys
• Online and in person (113 interviewees)

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• 3. Methodology

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism

Vulnerability framework:

• A. Exposure
• Climate related
• Non-climate related
• B. Sensitivity
• Effects on pastoralists
• Pastoralists’ land conversion
• C. Adaptation
• Strategies
• Continuity

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• 3. Methodology

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism 9

• 4. Preliminary results

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism

Some trends concerning exposure:

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• 4. Preliminary results

Interviews (QCA) Survey

• More droughts
• Changes in seasonality
• Expansion of wild fauna
• Depopulation
• Population ageing
• Lack of generational replacement
• Erosion of traditional knowledge
• Marginalisation in public administration
• Bureaucracy and legal barriers
• Tourism expansion
• Reduction in total farmed land
• Forest encroachment
• More droughts
• Changes in seasonality
• Disappearance of wells and sources
• Depopulation
• Population ageing
• Lack of generational replacement
• Marginalisation in public administration
• Lack of understanding of pastoralism
• Oil price increase

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism

Some trends concerning sensitivity:

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• 4. Preliminary results

Interviews (QCA) Survey

• Decreasing access to pastures
• Decreasing knowledge and use of

traditional practices

• Decreasing access to labour
• Land use change: pastures to abandoned

pastures

• Land use change: pastures to scrub/forest
• Decreasing access to water
• Decreasing access to qualified labour
• Increasing access to other farmers
• Increasing access to digital social networks

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism

Some trends concerning adaptation:

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• 4. Preliminary results

Interviews (QCA) Survey

• Abandonment of marginal pastures
• Use of migrant labour
• Grazing in natural reserves
• Diversification of farms
• Diversification of income
• Changes in animal species
• Mutual help
• Cooperation for lobbying
• Sale of new products
• Improvement in marketing strategies
• Reception of public subsidies
• Changes in grazing areas
• Use of unpaid family work
• Frequent use of complementary food
• Diversification of income
• Use of local breeds
• Organic production
• Reception of public subsidies

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism

• 1. Vulnerability of pastoralism in Mediterranean Spain = climate change +

external factors

• 2. Public policies have an important impact on pastoralism
• 3. Large coincidence in exposure and sensitivity, much smaller in adaptation
• 4. Diverse strategies of pastoralists suggest large adaptation capacity

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• 5. Preliminary conclusions

Adaptation strategies to climate change of Spanish Mediterranean pastoralism

Thank you!

joaquim.muntane@uvic.cat

With support from:

• J. Muntané-Puig, F. López-i-Gelats, E. Varela,
• E. Oteros-Rozas, G. Dean and M.G. Rivera-Ferre