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Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (ZOBA) in Switzerland

Gudrun Overesch Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, Bern

6th EURL-AR workshop 2012, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

Overview

• Dates and facts of Switzerland
• Structure and duties of the ZOBA (Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal

Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance)

• Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance
• Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing in Diagnostic Submissions
• Outlook

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Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Dates and facts of Switzerland

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Productive livestock (2010): 5 600 000 broilers (1007 farms) 3 200 000 laying hens (16 500 farms) 1 600 000 pigs (9100 farms) 1 600 000 cattle (42 000 farms) Human population (2010): 7 870 000 inhabitants

Source: Swiss Zoonoses Report 2010

Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Legislation national Bilateral agreements Switzerland - EU

Dates and facts of Switzerland

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Livestock production:

www.stockengut.ch www.agroscope.admin.ch www.ladisagroblog.files.com www.ovth.ch Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Structure and duties of the ZOBA

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Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology

University of Bern

Department of Infectious diseases and Pathobiology

VETSUISSE Faculty

Institute of Veterinary Pathology Institute of Veterinary Virology Institute of Parasitology

Research & Teaching NANT (National Reference Centre for Anthrax)

• Prof. J. Frey

Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (ZOBA)

• Dr. G. Overesch

Molecular Epidemiology and Infectiology

• Prof. Dr. V. Perreten

Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

financed by: Canton of Bern and the Federal Veterinary Office

Structure and duties of the ZOBA

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Diagnostics Development Validation Reference function

Bovine Mastitis Serology Surveillance Clinical Material Necropsy Material and Feaces Projects Antibiotic Suseptibility Testing

Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Structure and duties of the ZOBA

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Confirmation of isolates from others laboratories (i.e. MRSA) Organization of ring trials for approved laboratories in Switzerland Testing of new diagnostics for admission at the FVO Providing scientific and technical assistance for laboratories Providing scientific assistance to the Federal Veterinary Office (FVO) Annual monitoring of antimicrobial resistance for Switzerland

Diagnostics Development Validation Reference function

• Brucellosis
• Campylobacteriosis
• Salmonellosis
• Yersiniosis
• Listeriosis
• Tularaemia
• Anthrax
• Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
• Bovine Campylobacteriosis
• Enzootic Pneumonia in swine
• Swine Actinobacillosis
• Blackleg
• Contagious Equine Metritis
• Infectious Agalactia
• Leptospirosis
• Antimicrobial Resistance

Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance

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Method:

Broth microdilution European standard plates ~ 3700 isolations, ~ 1600 MIC testings Interpretation according to ECOFFs (EUCAST) Campylobacter jejuni / coli Escherichia coli Enterococcus faecalis / faecium

Bacteria:

MRSA and ESBL Salmonella spp. (diagnostic isolates)

Animal species:

pigs cattle/calves broilers

Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance

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Campylobacter jejuni/coli:

Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance

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Monitoring on MRSA:

Nasal swabs from slaughter pigs: 2.0% (95%CI 0.9-3.9) in 2009 5.9% (95%CI 3.8-8.7) in 2010 5.6% (95%CI 3.6-8.3) in 2011

Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance

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Monitoring on MRSA:

Figure 1: Pig density and geographical distribution of the samples and results for MRSA isolated from the nasal cavities of slaughter pigs in 2010

Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance

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Activities of the National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Figure 2: Number of MRSA isolates of different genotypes (MLST, spa type) from slaughter pigs in 2009 – 2011

Monitoring on MRSA:

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

ST398-t011 ST398-t034 ST398-t1451 ST49-t208 ST1-t2279

Number of isolates Genotypes

2009 2010 2011

Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance

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Activities of the National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

MLST Number

• f

isolates Antibiotic resistance genes and resistance breakpoints (mg/L)a FOX PEN TET ERY CLI STR TIA SPC TMP SMX CIP (>4) (>0.125) (>2) (>2) (>0.5) (>16) (>2) (>128) (>2) (>128) (>1) ST49 1 mecA mecA tet(M) tet(K) erm(C) erm(C) vga(A) + ST49 4 mecA mecA tet(M) tet(K) vga(A) + ST49 1 mecA mecA tet(M) tet(K) erm(A) erm(A) vga(A) + ST49 1 mecA mecA tet(M) tet(K) str vga(A) + ST398 17 mecA mecA blaZ tet(M) tet(K) erm(A) erm(A) str vga(E) ant(9)-Ia dfr(G)

Table 1: Resistance profile of ST49-t208-V lineage (n=7) and the predominant ST398-t034-V lineage (n=17)

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing in diagnostic submissions

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Enterococci/Lactococci (i. e. E. faecalis, L. garviae) Enterobacteriaceae (i. e. Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp.) Pseudomonas spp. and other Non-Fermenters (i. e. P. aeruginosa, A. baumanii)

Bacteria

Staphylococci (i. e. S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus) Streptococci (i. e. S. canis, S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus, S. uberis) dogs/cats cattle

Animal species

horses

www.biomerieux.com

Method

VITEK 2 Compact (microdilution) ~ 3500 isolations and ~ 500 MIC /year Interpretation independent from Vitek Software according to clinical breakpoints of EUCAST , whenever possible !! No results for critically important antibiotics (i. e. Vancomycin, Imipenem, Linezolid, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin)

Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing in diagnostic submissions

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• S. uberis:

No clinical breakpoints and ECOFFs according to EUCAST ! Rare clinical breakpoints according to CLSI !

Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Outlook

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• Creating representative MIC data for relevant veterinarian pathogens

(i. e. Arcanobacterium pyogenes, L. garviae, B. bronchiseptica)

• Consolidation of Resistance data from human and veterinary medicine
• Submission of MIC data to EUCAST for relevant veterinarian pathogens

(i.e. Streptococcus uberis, S. pseudintermedius)

• Improvement of Monitoring (i. e. ESBL, bulk milk)
• Cooperation with the EU-RLs

www.anresis.ch

Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland

Outlook

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Thank you for your attention !

Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland