ACTIVE SHOOTER SITUATIONS Deb Cheesebro, PhD AVP for Public Safety - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

2019 College and University Auditors of Virginia Conference College of William & Mary May 6th – 8th, 2019

ACTIVE SHOOTER SITUATIONS

Deb Cheesebro, PhD AVP for Public Safety and Chief of Police February 8, 2019

De b Che e se br

• , PhD.

Assoc iate Vic e Pr e side nt for Public Safe ty and Chie f of Polic e

• Chair, Threat Assessment Team (12 of 14 years)
• Chair, University Emergency Operations Center
• Violence Prevention and Education Committee
• University Risk Management Committee
• Emergency Management Team
• Facilities and Operations Leadership Forum
• The Athletic Event Fan Behavior Committee
• Coordinator, “Big House” Football Command Post
• Over 20 years international consulting
• NCIS Threat Assessment Training, Basic and Advanced Threat

Assessment Training, Threat Assessment Interviewing for Law Enforcement

• Special Event Planning and Crowd Management
• Basic Active Shooter and Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid

Response

• Emergency Management ‐ Recovery of Operations and Mitigation of

Risk, Emergency Operations Centers, Incident Management Teams, Incident Command System for Higher Education, and ICS 300‐800.

• Served as planner and coordinator of experiential learning on active

shooter – multiple tabletops and simulation drills. Chief of Police/AVP, William & Mary Chief of Police/Sr Director Police and Public Safety, UNCSA Deputy Director Police and Public Safety, U of Michigan

ACTIVE SHOOTER SITUATIONS OVERVIEW

• Active shooter described
• Nature of incidents
• Higher Education
• Mitigate Risk

An active shooter is one or more persons actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area.

 Analysis 84 Ac tive Shoote r

Inc ide nts - Polic e E xe c utive R e se ar c h F

• r

um

 Conside r

:

 E

ngage mor e than 1 tar ge t

 E

xpr e ssion of hatr e d or r age

 Ofte n suic idal  De taile d plans (pathway to viole nc e )  Chose familiar

loc ation, pe r haps positione d for tac tic al advantage

OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL INCIDENTS AND SHOOTERS

FBI Study Shows Mass Shooters Aren’t Loners Who Suddenly Just Snap Rampage killers plan, give off warning signs—and mostly get their guns legally

OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL INCIDENTS AND SHOOTERS

• 15 of 250 inc ide nts oc c ur

r e d in IHE (2000-2017)

• Shoote r

s: 13 male / 2 fe male , age 18-62, 5 for me r stude nts, 5 c ur r e nt stude nts, 2 e mploye e s, 1 Alum, 1 me dic al c e nte r patie nt, 1 non-affiliate d

• E

nde d by: 5 appr e he nde d by polic e at sc e ne 7 c ommitte d suic ide at sc e ne 2 kille d by polic e at the sc e ne ; and 1 fle d sc e ne , ar r e ste d at anothe r loc ation.

OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL INCIDENTS AND SHOOTERS

R isk F ac tor s

• “Risk factors are existing realities about the person of concern that

may increase the risk of violence he poses in a given situation. They are already in place at the time of assessment.”

WAR NING BE HAVIOR S (Pathway to Viole nc e )

• “Unlike risk factors, warning behaviors are dynamic and represent

changes in patterns of behavior that may be evidence of increasing

• r accelerating risk. When warning behaviors are evident, they

require a threat management strategy and operational response. They are, for the most part, proximal behaviors, occurring more closely in time to a potential act of targeted violence.”

FBI report shows dip but still lots of active-shooter incidents Jorge L. Ortiz, USA TODAY Published 6:18 a.m. ET April 12, 2019 The number of active-shooter incidents in the U.S. decreased slightly last

• year. Then again, it would have been difficult to top the record-setting carnage
• f 2017.

A new FBI report based on 2018 data reveals there were 27 instances of active shooters – defined by the bureau as one or more persons trying to kill

• thers with a firearm in a populated area – and they resulted in 85 deaths

and 128 people getting injured, not all by gunfire. Most deadly among those events was the Feb. 14 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, where a teenager armed with a semiautomatic rifle killed 17 students and staffers. While falling short of the bloodshed of 2017 – when 30 incidents led to 138 deaths and 593 wounded, including 58 fatalities at the Route 91 Harvest Festival in Las Vegas – last year’s totals remained consistent with a troubling trend.

A man walked into a Pittsburgh psychiatric hospital Thursday and began firing.

• Walked into a Pittsburgh psychiatric hospital with a pair of

semi-automatic guns and began firing.

• Exhibited mental difficulties and bizarre behavior during the

months prior to his shooting rampage.

• Injur

Injured 7 d 7 people and k people and killed 1 illed 1 other

• U of Pittsburgh police there in "a matter of minutes" and

"engaged" gunman. Gunman killed self.

• "There is no doubt that their swift response saved lives today,"

said Mayor

• Students taking test when a rear

door swung open. Former classmate burst through - one arm clamped around receptionist, the

• ther clutching a pistol.
• Within moments he fired fatally

wounding receptionist.

• He kept firing killing 7

illing 7 people in all.

• Angry at school director who no

longer worked there.

• Began shooting outside Miller Hall and entered.
• Anger at the world prompted him off his medications,

scout the campus and return with a 12-gauge shotgun on the second-to-last day of classes, intent

• n killing as many people as he could.
• Killing 1 pe r

son and injur ing 3 othe r s

• Claims compelled by God, Satan and Lucifer to commit

shooting on a university campus.

• Journal entries and statements to police about anger at

those he claimed mistreated him, as well as his hatred of the world.

Aaron Ybarra sentenced to 112 years for deadly shooting at Seattle Pacific University

Gunman who shot 3 Gunman who shot 3 at F Florida Sta

• rida State Univ

e Univer ersity w sity was f s former student, la rmer student, lawy wyer er, la , law w enf enforcement of cement official sa cial says

• F
• r

me r stude nt

• L

ibr ar y shooting

• 3 wounde d
• Shoote r

kille d by polic e

• Opened fire inside Snyder

Hall - was a stude nt in the

wr iting c lass

• Killing 9 and wounding 8
• thers before killing himself.
• Heavily armed and more

guns were found at the apartment.

Stude nts de scr ibe d sce ne s of car nage conce ntr ate d in a public spe aking class that was unde r way in a colle ge humanitie s building.

Retired President ‐ past several months, college discussed hiring armed security guard, but had ultimately decided against it. “We talked about that over the last year because we were concerned about safety on campus,” We thought we were a very safe campus; having armed security

• fficers might change the culture.”

Quic k L

• ok: 250 Ac tive Shoote r

Inc ide nts in the Unite d State s F r

• m 2000 to 2017 (F

BI)

• Take actions

and establish mechanisms to address and minimize risk

• Monitoring

risks, actions, and needs for adjustments

• Estimate likelihood

and potential impact

• Prioritize risks for

treatment

• Identify

risks and causes

Identify Risk Analyze Risk Treat Risks Monitor and Evaluate

Low Likelihood HIGH IMPACT Act to Mitigate

Human: death, injury Psychological: trauma, feeling of safety Economic: property loss, revenue Functional: continuity of operations, disruption to core mission Potential Impacts?

Estimate likelihood and potential impact

6%, likely affiliated

Prioritize for treatment

Need for Individual Facility Risk assessment? High occupancy Easy access Public profile Known target, previous threats Potential significant public impact

See National Fire Protection Association NFPA 3000

Two people were killed and another four injured Opened fire at the Kennedy Building on last day of classes. UNC Charlotte student charged with murder after opening fire on classroom

May 1, 2019

“He just started shooting," Field said. Student Riley Howell could neither run nor hide. The gunman was in his classroom. So, the authorities said, he charged at the gunman, who had already fired several rounds, and pinned him down until police officers arrived. Our Officers Saved Lives’: UNC‐Charlotte Police Chief Talks About Arresting Campus Gunman

University police Chief Jeffrey A. Baker described Terrell as "not somebody that is on our radar."

Take actions and establish mechanisms to address and minimize risk

Fundamental Foundation University Structure Processes (Day‐to‐Day) First Responders Community Partners Communication & Messaging Test, Evaluate & Improve Recovery

Fundamental Foundation University Structure Processes (Day‐to‐Day) First Responders Community Partners Communication & Messaging Test, Evaluate & Improve Recovery

• Community: culture, caring, trust, leadership
• Education: faculty, staff, students
• Programming: Bystander/See something/say something
• Information/Intelligence Gathering: formal and informal

FUN FUNDAMENT AMENTAL FOUN FOUNDATI TION ON

Fundamental Foundation University Structure Processes (Day‐to‐Day) First Responders Community Partners Communication & Messaging Test, Evaluate & Improve Recovery

• Police, Security presence
• EOP and other policies, plans
• Mutual Aid Agreements
• Operating procedures
• Centralized, individual building responsibilities
• Handbooks, Rules
• Education and Violence Prevention
• Threat Assessment Team
• Risk Management Committee
• Emergency Management Team

UNIV UNIVERSITY STR ERSITY STRUCTURE CTURE

Fundamental Foundation University Structure Processes (Day‐to‐Day) First Responders Community Partners Communication & Messaging Test, Evaluate & Improve Recovery

DAY-TO-D

• DAY PROCESSES

PROCESSES

• Admissions
• Counseling Center
• Other mental health providers
• “CARE TEAM”
• DOSO conduct/medical leave
• HR conduct/employee assistance
• Police/Security
• Compliance
• University Counsel
• Resource Allocations

Fundamental Foundation University Structure Processes (Day‐to‐Day) First Responders Community Partners Communication & Messaging Test, Evaluate & Improve Recovery

FIRST RESPONDERS COMPETENCIES FIRST RESPONDERS COMPETENCIES

• Security
• Police
• Communications Center
• Fire/EMS
• Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid

Response Training

• Level I, Exterior, Low‐Light
• Level of medical training?
• Dispatch protocols
• Radio Interoperability
• See NFPA 3000, Chapter 13,

Competencies for Fire and EMS Responders

“There isn’t going to be a perfect solution. There’s not going to be a one‐size‐fits‐all policy. It’s going to come down to the officer on the scene being properly trained, and properly equipped, and taking a moment to make the decision and say, “This is what I think is appropriate in this situation,” and then being prepared to act.” J. Pete Blair, Texas State University.

Fundamental Foundation University Structure Processes (Day‐to‐Day) First Responders Community Partners Communication & Messaging Test, Evaluate & Improve Recovery

FIRST RESPONDERS ON FIRST RESPONDERS ON SCENE SCENE SOME CONSIDERA SOME CONSIDERATIONS TIONS

• Neutralize the threat
• Multi‐Jurisdictional
• Unified Command
• Perimeters/zones
• Crime Scene
• “Stop the Bleed”
• Level of response,

resource requests

• Emergency

vehicle/ambulance routes

• Self/Civilian transports
• Staging
• Secure building(s),

campus, takes hours

• Hands in the air
• Look for other assailants

Fundamental Foundation University Structure Processes (Day‐to‐Day) First Responders Community Partners Communication & Messaging Test, Evaluate & Improve Recovery

OTHER COMMUNITY P OMMUNITY PARTNERS NERS

• Hospitals/Trauma Center designation/

mass casualty partners and resources

• ID process for wounded/dead
• Transport & assignment of patients
• Process for family/emergency

notifications

“Hospitals need to be involved in these planning efforts because they receive the victims,” Montes says. “They’re not necessarily in the same geographic area that first responders are used to thinking about, but they need to be protected and supported as a major part of the incident.”

Fundamental Foundation University Structure Processes (Day‐to‐Day) First Responders Community Partners Communication & Messaging Test, Evaluate & Improve Recovery

OTHER COMMUNITY P OMMUNITY PARTNERS NERS

• Family assistance center(s) – area, State

UNCC: Students were directed to 8600 University City Boulevard to be reunited with their families.

Fundamental Foundation University Structure Processes (Day‐to‐Day) First Responders Community Partners Communication & Messaging Test, Evaluate & Improve Recovery

COMMUNICA COMMUNICATIONS AND MESSA TIONS AND MESSAGING GING

• Emergency Notification system – pre‐scripted, multi‐modes
• How often during an event?
• Messaging decision‐maker?
• Public & community need to know
• Call Center
• PIO – Joint Information Center
• Media area
• University spokesperson
• Social media

ALERT: Shots reported near kennedy. Run, Hide, Fight. Secure yourself immediately.”

Fundamental Foundation University Structure Processes (Day‐to‐Day) First Responders Community Partners Communication & Messaging Test, Evaluate & Improve Recovery

Test, Evaluate, Improve

Tabletop Ex etop Exer ercises cises

• Multi-jurisdiction

Multi-jurisdiction

• Set it up f

Set it up for pr r prog

• gressiv

ssive learning and learning and success success Partial and Full Scale Drills ial and Full Scale Drills

• SAFETY FIRST

SAFETY FIRST

• As r

As realistic ealistic as y as you can,

• u can,
• AL

ALWA WAYS announce pub announce publicly

• Perimeter with b

rimeter with buffer ar er area ea

• Set it up f

Set it up for pr r prog

• gressiv

ssive learning and learning and success success

Fundamental Foundation University Structure Processes (Day‐to‐Day) First Responders Community Partners Communication & Messaging Test, Evaluate & Improve Recovery

TEST, EVALUATE, IMPROVE

After After-Action Action

• Hot W

Hot Wash sh

• Solicit input fr

Solicit input from e

• m every

eryone ne

• Lessons learned

Lessons learned

• Mak

Make c chang anges

• Document c

Document chang anges made s made

Fundamental Foundation University Structure Processes (Day‐to‐Day) First Responders Community Partners Communication & Messaging Test, Evaluate & Improve Recovery

RECOVERY

Partial/full restoration of operations Psychological trauma and healing

• Counseling, employee assistance programs
• Honoring victims
• On‐going liaison with victims
• Venue re‐use?

Address individual problems Use after‐action assessment & report for continuous improvement Manage costs Documents all actions

UNCC has postposed finals until Monday. All students will have the opportunity to forego an exam and accept their current grade as final course grade Dubois said graduation is in a little over a week and knows the university has to be “sensitive to the fact that it’s not an

• rdinary commencement.”

He said the school is determining how best to honor the shooting victims.

THANK YOU