ACTIVE SHOOTER SITUATIONS Deb Cheesebro, PhD AVP for Public Safety - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

2019 College and University Auditors of Virginia Conference College of William & Mary May 6th – 8th, 2019 ACTIVE SHOOTER SITUATIONS Deb Cheesebro, PhD AVP for Public Safety and Chief of Police February 8, 2019

De b Che e se br o, PhD. Assoc iate Vic e Pr e side nt for Public Safe ty and Chie f of Polic e Chief of Police/AVP, William & Mary Chief of Police/Sr Director Police and Public Safety, UNCSA Deputy Director Police and Public Safety, U of Michigan  Chair, Threat Assessment Team (12 of 14 years)  NCIS Threat Assessment Training, Basic and Advanced Threat Assessment Training, Threat Assessment Interviewing for Law  Chair, University Emergency Operations Center Enforcement  Violence Prevention and Education Committee  Special Event Planning and Crowd Management  University Risk Management Committee  Basic Active Shooter and Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid  Emergency Management Team Response  Emergency Management ‐ Recovery of Operations and Mitigation of  Facilities and Operations Leadership Forum Risk, Emergency Operations Centers, Incident Management Teams,  The Athletic Event Fan Behavior Committee Incident Command System for Higher Education, and ICS 300‐800.  Coordinator, “Big House” Football Command Post  Served as planner and coordinator of experiential learning on active shooter – multiple tabletops and simulation drills.  Over 20 years international consulting

ACTIVE SHOOTER SITUATIONS OVERVIEW • Active shooter described • Nature of incidents • Higher Education • Mitigate Risk

An active shooter is one or more persons actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area.

OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL INCIDENTS AND SHOOTERS  Analysis 84 Ac tive Shoote r Inc ide nts - Polic e E xe c utive R e se ar c h F or um  Conside r : FBI Study  E ngage mor e than 1 tar ge t Shows Mass  E xpr e ssion of hatr e d or r age Shooters Aren’t Loners  Ofte n suic idal Who Suddenly Rampage killers plan,  De taile d plans (pathway to viole nc e ) Just Snap give off warning  Chose familiar loc ation, pe r haps signs—and mostly get positione d for tac tic al advantage their guns legally

OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL INCIDENTS AND SHOOTERS • 15 of 250 inc ide nts oc c ur r e d in IHE (2000-2017) • Shoote r s: 13 male / 2 fe male , age 18-62, 5 for me r stude nts, 5 c ur r e nt stude nts, 2 e mploye e s, 1 Alum, 1 me dic al c e nte r patie nt, 1 non-affiliate d • E nde d by: 5 appr e he nde d by polic e at sc e ne 7 c ommitte d suic ide at sc e ne 2 kille d by polic e at the sc e ne ; and 1 fle d sc e ne , ar r e ste d at anothe r loc ation.

OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL INCIDENTS AND SHOOTERS R isk F ac tor s • “Risk factors are existing realities about the person of concern that may increase the risk of violence he poses in a given situation. They are already in place at the time of assessment.” WAR NING BE HAVIOR S (Pathway to Viole nc e ) • “Unlike risk factors, warning behaviors are dynamic and represent changes in patterns of behavior that may be evidence of increasing or accelerating risk. When warning behaviors are evident, they require a threat management strategy and operational response. They are, for the most part, proximal behaviors, occurring more closely in time to a potential act of targeted violence.”

FBI report shows dip but still lots of active-shooter incidents Jorge L. Ortiz, USA TODAY Published 6:18 a.m. ET April 12, 2019 The number of active-shooter incidents in the U.S. decreased slightly last year. Then again, it would have been difficult to top the record-setting carnage of 2017. A new FBI report based on 2018 data reveals there were 27 instances of active shooters – defined by the bureau as one or more persons trying to kill others with a firearm in a populated area – and they resulted in 85 deaths and 128 people getting injured , not all by gunfire. Most deadly among those events was the Feb. 14 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, where a teenager armed with a semiautomatic rifle killed 17 students and staffers . While falling short of the bloodshed of 2017 – when 30 incidents led to 138 deaths and 593 wounded, including 58 fatalities at the Route 91 Harvest Festival in Las Vegas – last year’s totals remained consistent with a troubling trend.

A man walked into a Pittsburgh psychiatric hospital Thursday and began firing. Walked into a Pittsburgh psychiatric hospital with a pair of • semi-automatic guns and began firing. Exhibited mental difficulties and bizarre behavior during the • months prior to his shooting rampage. • Injured 7 Injur d 7 people and k people and killed 1 illed 1 other U of Pittsburgh police there in "a matter of minutes" and • "engaged" gunman. Gunman killed self. • "There is no doubt that their swift response saved lives today," said Mayor

• Students taking test when a rear door swung open. Former classmate burst through - one arm clamped around receptionist, the other clutching a pistol. • Within moments he fired fatally wounding receptionist. • He kept firing killing 7 illing 7 people in all. • Angry at school director who no longer worked there.

Aaron Ybarra sentenced to 112 years for deadly shooting at Seattle Pacific University • Began shooting outside Miller Hall and entered. • Anger at the world prompted him off his medications, scout the campus and return with a 12-gauge shotgun on the second-to-last day of classes, intent on killing as many people as he could. • Killing 1 pe r son and injur ing 3 othe r s Claims compelled by God, Satan and Lucifer to commit • shooting on a university campus. • Journal entries and statements to police about anger at those he claimed mistreated him, as well as his hatred of the world.

Gunman who shot 3 Gunman who shot 3 at F Florida Sta orida State Univ e Univer ersity w sity was f s former student, la rmer student, lawy wyer er, la , law w enf enforcement of cement official sa cial says • F or me r stude nt • L ibr ar y shooting • 3 wounde d • Shoote r kille d by polic e

Stude nts de scr ibe d sce ne s of car nage conce ntr ate d in a public spe aking class that was unde r way in a colle ge humanitie s building. • Opened fire inside Snyder Hall - was a stude nt in the wr iting c lass • Killing 9 and wounding 8 others before killing himself. • Heavily armed and more guns were found at the apartment.

Retired President ‐ past several months, college discussed hiring armed security guard, but had ultimately decided against it. “We talked about that over the last year because we were concerned about safety on campus ,” We thought we were a very safe campus; having armed security officers might change the culture.”

Quic k L ook: 250 Ac tive Shoote r Inc ide nts in the Unite d State s F r om 2000 to 2017 (F BI)

• Estimate likelihood • Identify and potential impact risks and • Prioritize risks for causes Identify Analyze treatment Risk Risk Monitor Treat and • Monitoring • Take actions Risks risks, actions, Evaluate and establish and needs for mechanisms to adjustments address and minimize risk

Potential Impacts? Human: death, injury Psychological: trauma, feeling of safety Economic: property loss, revenue Functional: continuity of operations, disruption to core Estimate likelihood and mission potential impact Need for Individual Facility Risk assessment? High occupancy 6%, likely affiliated See National Easy access Fire Protection Public profile Association Known target, previous threats NFPA 3000 Prioritize for treatment Potential significant public impact Low HIGH Act to Likelihood IMPACT Mitigate

UNC Charlotte student charged with murder after opening fire on classroom May 1, 2019 Two people were killed and another four injured Opened fire at the Kennedy Building on last day of classes. “He just started shooting," Field said. Student Riley Howell could neither run nor hide. The gunman was in his classroom. So, the authorities said, he charged at the gunman, who had already fired several rounds, and pinned him down until police officers arrived. Our Officers Saved Lives’: UNC‐Charlotte Police Chief Talks About Arresting Campus Gunman

University police Chief Jeffrey A. Baker described Terrell as " not somebody that is on our radar ."

Take actions and establish mechanisms to address and minimize risk Fundamental University Processes First Community Communication Test, Recovery Foundation Structure (Day‐to‐Day) Responders Partners & Messaging Evaluate & Improve

FUN FUNDAMENT AMENTAL FOUN FOUNDATI TION ON • Community: culture, caring, trust, leadership • Education: faculty, staff, students • Programming: Bystander/See something/say something • Information/Intelligence Gathering: formal and informal Fundamental University Processes First Community Communication Test, Recovery Foundation Structure (Day‐to‐Day) Responders Partners & Messaging Evaluate & Improve