Acquaintance content and Obviation . Pranav Anand (UC Santa Cruz) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquaintance content and Obviation . Pranav Anand (UC Santa Cruz) & Natasha Korotkova (Tübingen) Sinn und Bedeutung Berlin/Potsdam September 9, 2017 Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 1 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jarmush 1984 – Cleveland. It’s a beautiful city. – Yes? – Yeah. – It’s got a big, beautiful lake. You’ll love it there. – Have you been there? – No, no. (Stranger Than Paradise) Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 2 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquaintance and Experience . Acquaintance Inference (AI) (terms from Ninan 2014, also Wollheim 1980) . A firsthand experience requirement present in several subjective expres- sions (Stephenson 2007; Pearson 2013a; Klecha 2014; Ninan 2014; Kennedy and Willer 2016) . • AI cannot be explicitly denied (1) a. ppt: The curry was delicious , # but I never tasted it. b. perception predicate: The piano sounded out of tune, # but I’ve never heard it. c. subjective attitude: I consider the dress blue and black, # but I’ve never seen it. Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 3 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquaintance and Obviation • The AI isn’t always present: it may disappear in the scope of some obviators (cf. Pearson 2013a; Klecha 2014; Ninan 2014) (2) a. The curry {might, must, will} be delicious , though I never tasted it. b. I {might, #must, will} consider the dress blue and black, though I’ve never seen it. . Today’s talk: patterns of AI obviation and cross-constructional variation . • What is “this”: form, dimension of meaning, . . . ? • When and why does it go away? • Verdict: different types of content regarding direct evidence 1 covert experiencers: a special evidential restriction . . 2 overt experiencers: a classical presupposition . . Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 4 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roadmap . Acquaintance and directness 1 . . Obviation 2 . . First Stabs 3 . A direct proposal 4 . . Conclusion 5 Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 5 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The basics (3) a. ppt: The curry was delicious , # but I never tasted it. b. perception psych predicate: The piano sounded out of tune, # but I’ve never heard it. c. subjective attitude: I consider the dress blue and black, # but I’ve never seen it. d. overt psych predicate: I like (eating) dragonfruit, # but I’ve never tried it. Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 6 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . {Auto, exo}centricity • PPTs have been argued to be evaluated relative to a covert judge (Lasersohn 2005): • autocentric: judge is the speaker • exocentric: judge is not the speaker (4) The cat food is tasty. • Let us confine ourselves at present only to autocentric (speaker-oriented) readings Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 7 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Complications (5) a. freedom of experience-type It is beautiful , but I’ve never {seen, heard, ridden, . . . } it. b. type-token ambiguities This (Massaman) curry is delicious , but I haven’t tasted it { # Massaman , preparation } . c. anaphoric reference P: Yesterday, I drew a clown waving and grinning. Maybe I can show you. N: No thanks. That’s scary ! Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 8 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Complications (6) P: Yesterday, I drew a clown waving and grinning. a. N: No thanks. #That drawing is scary ! b. N: No thanks. That {image, concept} is scary ! Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 9 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Complications • Sample size issues: (7) a. Incomplete experience: ✓ I only watched { the trailer / the first five minutes }. This movie is boring . b. No experience: # The new Allen movie is boring . I haven’t watched it, but all his movies are the same. Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 10 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AI varies with directness of experience (8) That curry is tasty . # reading a recipe # looking at a picture ?? see other patrons ordering/eating it ? reading reviews Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 11 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roadmap . Acquaintance and directness 1 . . Obviation 2 . . First Stabs 3 . A direct proposal 4 . . Conclusion 5 Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 12 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AI Obviation (9) That curry { looks, sounds } tasty . reading a recipe ✓ looking at a picture ✓ see other patrons ordering/eating it ✓ reading reviews ✓ Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 13 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AI Obviation • AI can disappear in scope of obviators (cf. Pearson 2013a; Klecha 2014; Ninan 2014) (10) The cake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . delicious, but I never tasted it. a. epistemic modal auxiliaries : ✓ must/might have been b. epistemic adverbs : ✓ probably/possibly/maybe was c. predicates of evidence/clarity : ✓ obviously/certainly/apparently was d. futurate operators : ✓ will/is going to be • These all convey indirect evidence in some sense Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 14 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AI Obviation • Grammatical markers of indirect evidentiality follow the pattern (11) Turkish (Turkic: Turkey) a. bare form: # Durian güzel, ama hiç dene-me-di-m. durian good, but ever try- neg-pst-1sg Intended: ‘Durian is good, but I’ve never tried it’. b. evidential miş : ✓ Durian güzel- miş , ama hiç dene-me-di-m. durian good- ind , but ever try- neg-pst-1sg ‘Durian is good, I hear/infer , but I’ve never tried it’. Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 15 / 55

Acquaintance and directness Obviation First Stabs A direct proposal Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional avenues of obviation (12) a. emphatic certainty I {know, am certain} that the cake is tasty, but I haven’t tried it. b. hedges I {assume, think} that the cake is tasty, but I haven’t tried it. Anand (panand@ucsc.edu) & Korotkova (n.korotkova@ucla.edu) Acquaintance content and Obviation 16 / 55