Acoustic Emission Sensors in Superconducting Magnets Marcos Araque - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Acoustic Emission Sensors in Superconducting Magnets Marcos Araque - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Acoustic Emission Sensors in Superconducting Magnets Marcos Araque SIST/GEM Final Presentation 6 August 2018 Acoustic Emission Quench Detection Sensors in Superconducting Magnets Quenching in Acoustic Emission (AE) Data Acquisition

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Marcos Araque SIST/GEM Final Presentation 6 August 2018

Acoustic Emission Sensors in Superconducting Magnets

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8/6/18 Marcos Araque | Acoustic Emission Sensoros in Superconducting Magnets 2

Acoustic Emission Quench Detection Sensors in Superconducting Magnets

Quenching in Superconducting Magnets Data Acquisition and Results Acoustic Emission (AE) Sensor

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Acoustic Emission Quench Detection Sensors in Superconducting Magnets

Quenching in Superconducting Magnets Data Acquisition and Results Acoustic Emission (AE) Sensor

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Electromagnets made of superconducting wire Zero Resistance More Current Stronger Magnetic Fields Higher Energy Beams

Superconducting Magnets

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Careful design and maintenance required

  • Appropriate stress applied
  • Must remain superconducting
  • Quench - Sudden loss of superconductivity in part of a coil

Superconducting Magnets

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Factors that cause quenching include:

  • Mechanical disturbances (microcracks)
  • Electrical disturbances/ faults
  • Magnetic field strength/ rate of change
  • Defects in magnet

Magnets “trained” to withstand higher quenching currents by gradually increasing operating current (ramp)

Quenching

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Quenching

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Quench detection and diagnostic techniques:

  • Strain gauges
  • Quench antenas
  • Coil voltage taps
  • Acoustic Emission sensors

Sensors trigger heat sink to the magnet to more evenly distribute heat from a quench

Quenching

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Acoustic Emission Sensor

Quenching in Superconducting Magnets Data Acquisition and Results Acoustic Emission (AE) Sensor

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Advantages of AE sensors:

  • Comparable or faster signal detection (millisecond

timescale)

  • Isolated measurement system external to the magnet
  • Negligibly affected by magnetic fields
  • Inexpensive

How are they designed?

Acoustic Emission Sensor

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Engineering Design Process

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System Requirements Design Schematic Create Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Design Electrical Casing Hardware Testing

Functional Circuit

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Piezoelectric Ceramic 5 mm Inner Diameter 10 mm Outer Diameter

Transducer: converts mechanical stress into an electrical signal (voltage) and vice versa Entire circuit is designed to

  • ptimize this signal

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AE Sensor

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Schematic

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Amplifies signal using MOSFET amplifying circuit

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Schematic

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Decouples power signal from AE signal and strengthens

  • utput signal
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Schematic

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Electrical Casing

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Electrical Casing (Junction Box)

  • Maintains solid, reliable

connections

  • Protects circuit
  • Reduces defects over time

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Electrical Casing

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Acoustic Emission Quench Detection Sensors in Superconducting Magnets

Quenching in Superconducting Magnets Data Acquisition and Results Acoustic Emission (AE) Sensor

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Data collection of sensors in 1 dimension:

  • 33 x 2 x 1 inch aluminum bar
  • AE sensors mechanically screwed in on both ends
  • Bar tapped with a hammer at various points

Data Acquisition

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1-dimensional source localization: Time difference Velocity of sound in bar AE source location

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  • Velocity of sound in bar determined to be 1.989 km/s
  • Standard deviation: 2.34 cm
  • Standard error: 0.33 cm
  • 1. Conduct 2 dimensional localization
  • 2. Improve sensor/experiment accuracy (COMSOL

simulation, more sensors)

  • 3. Test on prototype magnets

Results Next Steps

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Questions?

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Collaborations / Partnerships / Members

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Appendix

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Circuit on Breadboard

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Cryo Amplifier PCB

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Coupling Box PCB

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Sample Data for 1-D AE localization

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MOSFET animation: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/FET-Ani. gif Transducer animation: https://www.teachengineering.org/content/uoh_/lessons/uoh_p iezo/uoh_piezo_lesson01_figure1.gif Marchevsky, M., et al. “Acoustic Emission during Quench Training of Superconducting Accelerator Magnets.” Cryogenics, Science Direct, 31 Mar. 2015, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001122751500039 9.

References

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