Abatement of emissions from small combustion installations, fuelled - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
abatement of emissions from small
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Abatement of emissions from small combustion installations, fuelled - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 18, 2023 494 likes •783 views

Abatement of emissions from small combustion installations, fuelled with solid fuels dust and associated pollutants Silesian Universtity of Technology Andrzej Szlk Institute of Thermal Technology Robert Kubica, Dept. of Chemical Engineering

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Abatement of emissions from small combustion installations, fuelled with solid fuels

dust and associated pollutants

Silesian Universtity of Technology Andrzej Szlęk

Institute of Thermal Technology

Robert Kubica,

  • Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Process Design
slide-2
SLIDE 2
  • Introduction
  • Sources of emission
  • Coal combustion process overview
  • How to improve boilers construction
  • Conclusions
slide-3
SLIDE 3

1/5 Introduction We all have the right to breathe a clean air

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Curernt situation is bad

www.nowiny.gliwice.pl www.24gliwice.pl

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Diagnosis – air quality

  • Ambient air concentrations are monitored
  • Exceedances of limit values – observed and measured (mg/m3

n), suggested WHO limit

values as low as 20 (mg/m3

n) www.powietrze.malopolska.pl

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Diagnosis – air quality

Hot-spots:

  • Poland Krakow, Silesia,
  • Czech Republic; Moravia-

Silesia, Usti, Olomouc, Zlin, Brno, and Central Bohemia

  • Slovakia; Zilina, Kraj

Zilinsky, Bratislava

  • Italy: Po valey

www.eea.europa.eu/ www.eea.europa.eu/

slide-7
SLIDE 7

2/5 Sources of emission

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Diagnosis – major sources of emission

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% CO NMVOCs NOx PM10 PM2.5 SO2 PAHs

Balance distribution, % Other sources Agricultural Waste menagement Other transport Road transport Solvent use Fossil fuel extraction Industry Energy use in industry Residential and communal Energy production

  • Residential sector has highest signifficance
slide-9
SLIDE 9

Diagnosis – major sources of emission

Source: based on KOBIZE, National Centre for Emission Balancing and Management

PM10 B(a)P

Residential 61,31% Energy use in industry 1,99%

PCBs

Industry 4,30% Road transport 13,95% Energy production 18,30%

  • 02. Procesy spalania

poza przemysłem 49,36%

  • 11. Inne źródła emisji

i pochłaniania zanieczyszczeń 14,92%

  • 03. Procesy spalania

w przemyśle 14,64% 09. Zagospodarowanie

  • dpadów

7,20%

  • 04. Procesy

produkcyjne 6,22%

  • 01. Procesy spalania

w sektorze produkcji i transformacji energii; 4,95%

  • 06. Zastosowanie

rozpuszczalników i innych produktów 2,37%

Udział największych sektorów w emisji PCDD/F w roku 2012

PCDDFs

Solvent use 2,37% Residential 49,36% Industry 6,22% Energy use in industry 14,64% Energy production 4,95% Other sources 14,92% Waste menagement 7,20%

Source: K.Kubica http://www.kobize.pl/materialy/Inwentaryzacje _krajowe/2013/IIR%20_Poland_2013.pdf

http://www.iee.org.pl/

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Diagnosis – major sources of emission

>50% outdated, inefficent, „smokers” (manually fuelled)

Signifficant improvement potential!

Solid fuel boilers sales, and sales structure in Poland

slide-11
SLIDE 11

3/5 Coal combustion process

slide-12
SLIDE 12

VOC, SO2, CH, CO2 H2O CO2, CO

Solid fuel combustion

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Typical organization of combustion

slide-14
SLIDE 14

   O2 O2 pal

How combustion should be organized

slide-15
SLIDE 15

4/5 How to improve boilers

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Emission abatement measures

Environmental performance Combustion technique Best practice Abatement option Partial load Maintenance Process control Catalyst afterburners Fabric filters High efficient cyclones* Fuel quality Air distribution/staging Electrostatic precipitators

  • How to tackle/solve the problem of PM emission
slide-17
SLIDE 17

Measures – fuel quality

LHV, MJ/kg 10 28 Grain size, mm 0-1 5-25 Ash, % 30 6 Moisture, % 40 10

http://gazetacodzienna.pl/node/97866 http://www.kapost.pl/oferta/ wegiel/wegiel-tauron-wydobycie/ekogroszek-jaret/

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Source: Hans Hartmann Technology and Support Centre of Renewable Raw Materials (TFZ) ,

Measures – fuel quality

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 10 20 30 40 50

TSP emisision, mg/mu3 @ 10% O2 Wood moisture contetns, %

  • 100

100 200 300 400 500 600 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1

SO2emission, mg/mu3 @ 10% O2 Fuel sulphur contents , %

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2 4 6 8 10

TSP emission, mg/mu3 @ 10% O2 Fuel ash contents, %

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Primary measures – combustion technique

smoker (manually fuelled) automatic coal boiler BAT

Primary measures – limitting cause not the outcomes Advantages – cost effectiveness

https://foxhurt.pl/kociol-5-klasy- z-podajnikiem-defro-sigma-24kw-do-290-m2 http://czysteogrzewanie.pl/kociol/elektryczny- kijek-zamiast-siekierki/

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Measures – advanced control systems

Application of an advanced control system

  • O2 probes, Lambda control
  • CO probes
  • Flue temperature control
  • Room and ambnient air

temperature control

  • PID controllers
  • Fuzzy logic controllers
  • Draft control

www.kutzner-weber.de www.kotlomania.wordpress.com

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Measures – ultra-low emission applainces

  • Almost „zero emission” emerging

technologies (tripple combustion chamber, fuel gasification)

  • Imprvement potential Best

Available Techniques (BAT) - PuroWIN,

Source: WINDHAGER,

mg/m3, @10% O2, TL=part load, NL=nominal load http://www.windhager.com/int_en/

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Measures – BAT applainces

80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Energy efficiency, % Emssion of pollutants, mg/m3 CO OGC/10 TSP/10 Energy efficiency, %

Class 5 ecodesign

Imprvement potential Best Available Techniques (BAT) Top 10, automatic coal boilers

slide-23
SLIDE 23

80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Energy efficiency, % Emssion of pollutants, mg/m+ CO OGC/10 TSP/10 Energy efficiency, %

Measures – BAT applainces

Class 5 ecodesign

Imprvement potential Best Available Techniques (BAT) Top 10, automatic biogenic fuel boilers

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Secondar measures – flue cleaning

Source: RUFTEC Gmbh, www.ruftec.com

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Secondar measures – flue cleaning

The ElectroStatic Precipitator ESP technology

  • Average total dust precipitation efficiencies of 50 to 90% can be achieved. The particle precipitation

efficiency strongly depends on the fuel used and the combustion technology (old/new system).

  • PM concentration in the flue gases <<20 mg/m3
  • When combined with Class 5 appliance 4-8 mg/m3
  • Low electrocity consumption ~20Wh in operation mode

<1Wh in stand-by mode

  • Automatic deashing, limitting maintenance
  • Unit price ranging between 2000-3000 PLN (500-800 Euro/piece)
  • Possible retrofitting
slide-26
SLIDE 26

Summary

  • The Best Available Techniques of combustion installation below 500kW (BATs),

commercially available, guarantee performance at the lowest required ELVs relevant for dust emission.

  • The use of certified fuels is required – appropriate quality of coal and

biomass.

  • Reaching the lowest ELVs by non BATs new appliances, and existing

systems requires secondary abatement measures – dedusting apparatus.

  • Highest performance is deliverd by fabric filters and electrostatic

precipitators, however the latest offer ease of use and maintenance as well as low operating costs.

  • It is not difficult to built low emission boiler, it is challenge to built it cheap

enough.

slide-27
SLIDE 27

5/5 Conclusions

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Tahnk you for your attention