[PPT] - A Technology Leap Air Barrier Integration into Building Envelopes PowerPoint Presentation

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Envelopes

A research project with the Air Barrier Association of America Inc. Presented by:

Mr. Laverne Dalgleish

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Why is a air barrier needed?

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Hypothesis

Air barrier systems should be incorporated in

every building as they are cost effective by saving a significant amount of energy (in the range of 30% to 40%) and incorporating air barriers assist in solving moisture problems and indoor air quality problems, not create them

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 How leaky are the average building?

9-10 L/(s·m²) @ 75 Pa across the US Cost effective to reduce the air leakage to

between 0.75 L/(s·m²) @ 75 Pa

Some propose 0.02 L/(s·m²) @ 75 Pa Current proposal is 2.00 L/(s·m²) @ 75 Pa Either way major improvements can be made

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Barriers

Air barriers are new technology to most of the

construction industry

Energy savings although agreed to by most

people, cannot be defended scientifically

Estimation of air leakage of existing practices

has not been confirmed

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Barriers

Interaction of different air barrier materials is

not understood

Installation practices, although understood to

be key, have not be researched to determine impact of improper installations

Action of air leakage on moisture (liquid and

vapor) has not been quantified

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Barriers

Common comment is that we should not

make buildings too tight

Air tightness is blamed for mold and mildew

problems

Air tightness is blamed for indoor air quality

problems

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Opportunities

Current air barrier market is non-existent (less

than 10% same say less than 1%)

States have added or are considering adding

air barrier requirements to their code

Market growth expected to be exponential

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Challenges

Air barrier industry needs to address these

barriers and grow the industry through education or misconceptions will grow and could hamper or destroy the industry

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Baseline Air-Leakage Baseline Construction Required Modifications Target Air-Leakage

NIST study establishes no relationship between any of these points

Construction Costs Energy Savings

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Challenges

“Air Barriers cannot be dealt with without

understanding that they are part of a wall assembly” (or roof assembly, foundation assembly, etc.)

N.B. Hutcheon’s CBD-48 - Require

remen ents ts for Ex Exterio rior r Walls

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Key Properties (in order of importance)

MoistureLiquid – Water Resistive barrier Air – Air barrier Heat – Heat barrier (Insulation) MoistureVapor – Vapor barrier

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 What is an Air Barrier?

Depends on what are you talking about

 Air barrier in general  Air barrier material  Air barrier component  Air barrier sub-assembly  Air barrier assembly  Air barrier system

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Types of Air Barrier Materials

 Self-Adhered Sheet Materials

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Types of Air Barrier Materials

 Fluid Applied Materials



Liquid Applied Materials

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Types of Air Barrier Materials

 Fluid Applied Materials



Medium Density (min 28 kg/m³) Spray Polyurethane Foam – Rigid Closed Cell

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Types of Air Barrier Materials

 Mechanically Fastened



Boardstock Materials

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Types of Air Barrier Materials

 Mechanically Fastened



Film Materials

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Types of Air Barrier Materials

 Thermofusable

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

Air permeance

 Air that travels though a material

Air leakage

 Air that goes around the material and

travels through holes

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Air Barriers

Stops the air flow through materials (air

permeance) and through the holes (air leakage)

A building will always have pressure

differences, we cannot control that so we must control the holes

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

Pressure differences are created by

 Wind

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

Pressure differences are created by

 Stack effect

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

Pressure differences are created by

 Mechanical equipment

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WIND PRE RESS SSURE RE FAN AN PRE RESS SSURE RE WIND PRE RESS SSURE RE ( UNDE DER SU SUCT CTIO ION ) ST STAC ACK K PRES RESSURE ST STAC ACK K PRE RESSURE

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Air Flow

Direction of Air Flow CONDENSATION (at cold sheathing) Hole AIR PATH

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

 Meeting the Challenges and Addressing

the Barriers

A three year research project headed by the

Air Barrier Association of America Inc. which includes industry members, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratories and Syracuse University.

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures



The Project



Consists of 8 phases



Project administration (reporting, project administration)



Sub-system and wall characterization



Material property characterization



Laboratory wall testing



Advanced moisture engineering modeling



Exterior field testing of air barrier systems



Wall optimization



Information technology transfer, publications, etc.

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Three critical competencies

Modeling Field Lab

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures



The Project



Project administration (reporting, project administration)



All participants will be kept informed on the progress, the issues raised and discussion on solutions



All information will be restricted to participants until there is agreement for part or all of the information to be released

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures



The Project



Material property characterization



Each of the participants shall submit materials to the project



The research project covers self adhered membranes, fluid applied membranes and mechanically fastened membranes



All materials shall meet the requirements to be an air barrier material [0.02 L(s·m²) @ 75Pa pressure difference]



Materials shall be grouped after their characterization

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures



The Project



Sub-assembly and wall characterization



All participants shall define the assembly, the sub- components of the assembly and issues that impact the assembly

For example: Do a lot of staples or a few staples

have a significant impact on the air permeance of an assembly? How critical is the initial bond to the substrate for self adhered membranes?



All participants have the opportunity to pose their questions and challenges

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51 Laboratory Analysis System & Sub-System Characterization Thermal + Water + Air Leakage

A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures

Deliverables Air Flow Characterization Water Retention & Drainage

1) Water WRB Retention 2) Drainage Water Performance 3) Drainage Drying + Solar 4) Wall Wetting and Drying

Thermal Testing

1) Air Leakage through Wall system 2) Flow at joints/interfaces 3) Air flow distribution

10 Walls 6 - Subsystems 10 Walls 4 Walls

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures



The Project



Material property characterization



Material properties that deal with heat, air and moisture (liquid and vapor) will be included

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures



The Project



Sub assembly testing



Participants are establishing specific installation issues for testing.

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Laboratory Analysis System & Sub-System Characterization Thermal + Water + Air Leakage

A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures

Responsibility Air Flow Characterization Water Retention & Drainage

ORNL + University

Thermal Testing



Sub assembly testing



Participants will establish specific installation issues for testing.

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures



The Project



Advanced moisture engineering modeling



Information gained from the material characterization and the building assembly testing shall be used to provide the inputs into the computer modeling program



At this point, different scenarios can be run to determine whether a specific building assembly is providing the expected results



Potential concerns can be isolated and solutions proposed

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures



The Project



Exterior field testing of air barrier systems



Parallel to the above tasks, a test house shall be constructed



Participants were consulted to determine size, shape, type and location



Building assemblies will undergo a two year field exposure test where continuous monitoring will confirm expected results or show potential challenges.

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures



The Project



Wall optimization



Information being fed back shall result in proposed changes to material characteristics, design details and installation practices to optimize various materials



Participants shall have the opportunity to confirm material performance or adjust material requirements and have a minimum of a three year jump on non- participants



Some redesigns of materials and of assemblies shall be retested to confirm expected results shown by the modeling

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68 Weather Data Laboratory Analysis System & Sub-System Characterization Thermal + Water + Air Leakage Define 18 Building Envelope Walls for Air Barrier & Energy Efficiency Analysis Develop Field Data for 18 Wall Systems Validate MOISTURE-EXPERT Model HYGROTHERMAL MODELING System Optimization Parametric Investigations Material Properties Development of Air Barrier Guidelines for Energy Efficient Wall Systems

A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures

Assumption: 18 wall Laboratory Characterization Field Analysis Model Validation Analysis for USA Climate Zones Guideline Development

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Define 18 Building Envelope Walls for Air Barrier & Energy Efficiency Analysis Executive Committee (1-ABAA, 1-ORNL) ABAA DOE/ORNL ABAA Industry Members Steering Committee X1 Xn X2

….

Scientific Members Steering Committee DOE BA SU

….

X1...Xn = Industry Members DOE = Department of Energy SU = Syracuse University BA = Building America

A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures

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Develop Field Data for 18 Wall Systems

A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures

Committee for Test Building Construction (DOE, ABAA, INDUSTRY, University) Responsibility: Mr. Dalgleish (ABAA) Site Location & Preparation Architecturual Design/ Flexible & Interchangeable Wall ABAA ABAA Site Legalities & 3 year ABAA use with option for 3 additional years then (60 % SU and 40 % ORNL) ABAA Contractor Selection & Building/Inspection ABAA …………..Continued

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Develop Field Data for 18 Wall Systems

A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures

Committee for Test Building Construction (DOE, ABAA, INDUSTRY, University) Responsibility: Mr. Dalgleish (ABAA) Selection of Walls Construction of Walls 1st set year 1 2nd set year 2

ABAA

Instrumentation & Data Acquitition Monitoring and Reporting

Page 2/2

Industry ABAA ORNL ORNL ORNL SU

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72 Develop Field Data for 18 Wall Systems

A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures

Multiplexer Power supply Modem CR10X DAS

Sensor Accuracy Sensitivity Repeatability Supply Voltage Fenwall Uni-curve 10K ohm thermistor ±.2%

±0.2%

2.5Vdc Honeywell Hy-Cal Humidity Sensor HIH-3610 Series ±2%

±0.5%

5Vdc Wood moisture content sensors ±2% within 8- 30% MC

±2%

12Vdc Heat Flux Transducer (Concept Engineering Model F-002-4

(1.8·Btu/Ft2··Hr)/Mv
Outdoor RH (Vaisala

CS500) ±3%

12Vdc

Wind Speed (R. M. Young Model 05305 Wind Monitor) ±.4%

Wind Direction (R. M.

Young Model 05305 Wind Monitor) ±3°

12Vdc

Rainfall (Texas Electronics Model TE525) ±1%@1”/hr

Solar pyranometer, vertical

(LI-Cor LI200X ±3% 0.2·kW·m-2·mV-1

Solar pyranometer,

horizontal (Kipp & Zonen SP-Lite ±3% 10µV·W-1·m-2

Campbell Sci CR10X w/32

Channel multiplexer ±0.1% of FSR

12Vdc

Instrumentation & Data Acquitition

Wall Sensors

Temperature sensors RH sensors Tracer Gas sensor Moisture Content sensors Pressure Sensors Vertical Rain Gauges Solar

Weather Station

Temperature, RH Solar Radiation Rain, Solar Pressures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures

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