Winds of Change: a taxonomy of clouds IFLA Puerto Rico for libraries 16 August 2011 Jay Jordan President and CEO OCLC Matt Goldner Product & Technology Advocate OCLC
IFLA President 2009 – 2011 Ellen R. Tise Senior Director Library and Information Services Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch, South Africa
Jay Jordan IFLA/OCLC FELLOWS 2011
Cloud Computing and Libraries
Almost all of us use cloud computing
Shifting to the cloud • Businesses are moving to the cloud • Success stories • Some questions still • A great deal of debate about what is cloud computing • Consider libraries and the cloud • How they can benefit from it • What to consider before moving
What is cloud computing A style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT- enabled capabilities are delivered as a service to external customers using Internet technologies. – Gartner Group Infrastructure Platform Applications Services KPMG
How is cloud computing different • PC world • Monolithic proprietary operating systems (OS) and programs • Long development cycles • Software design isolated to single application • Cloud world • Hardware and functionality on the network • Cloud becomes development platform and OS • Reusable constantly updated software components • Can be embedded or loosely coupled
Not new for libraries • Large union catalogs • Online databases • But a look outside libraries is warranted
Why businesses adopt cloud computing Before cloud computing… After cloud computing 70 % 30 % INFRASTRUCTURE INITIATIVE Amazon.com: http://www.slideshare.net/goodfriday/amazon-web-services-building-a-webscale-computing-architecture
Minnesota Online High School (MNOHS) • Distributed software • Many different computers • Send CDs or Guide students through downloads • Cloud based software • Student work not on local PC • All applications and data in the cloud • Laptop lost, student work isn’t • Result • Shifted energy from technology to education
What can cloud computing do for libraries? • Amplify the power of cooperation • Build significant unified Web presence • Save time and money on technology • Create efficient workflows
Areas to improve • Most library systems are pre-Web technology • Costly and difficult to integrate • Store and maintain same data thousands of times • Scattered data weakens Web presence • Collaboration is difficult and expensive • Information seekers are in common Web environments • Distributed computing power is under utilized
Group to three areas of improvement • Technology • Data • Community
Technology – Why it matters • Cloud computing solutions • Built on current technology • Architected to allow technology shifts • Library systems • Developed pre-Internet / Web • Proprietary and closed • Costly to integrate to new technologies • Hard to integrate to external systems
Technology – What can change • Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) • Published Application Program Interfaces (API) • Any programmer can work integrate/extend software • Libraries not dependent on vendor for everything Andrew Pace – ― … demands fall short by merely asking that local systems avail themselves of other Web services rather than establishing themselves as services in their own right.‖
Technology – What can change • Shift focus from technology to: • Collection building • Patron services • Innovation • No longer maintain servers and software stack • Use technical skills to extending services
Data efficiencies • Creation, storage, maintenance and backup • Easily shared • Common data opened to everyone • Some Private data shared by agreement • Libraries can achieve Web scale • Massively aggregate data + • Useful services built on the data, can attract • Massively aggregated users • Data now considered more useful to search engines
Community power • Create an online information network • Internal collaboration in a single library system • Internal collaboration between library systems • External community of information seekers • The ―Network‖ effect • Creates scale of savings and efficiencies • Wider recognition for libraries • Cooperative intelligence for decision making • Platform to innovate on
Libraries and discovery services in the cloud • First aggregate the data • Extend discovery beyond traditional library collections • Explosion of mass digitization and digital aggregation • Hathi Trust • OAIster • Europeana
Libraries and discovery services in the cloud • Aggregated user opinion and use = Recommender services
Beyond library discovery services in the cloud Marshall Breeding – ―We can’t let the current focus on front-end interfaces make us complacent about the software systems that we use to automate routine library functions‖ • Gain internal and community efficiencies • Cataloging librarians • Acquisitions librarians • Serials librarians • Electronic resource librarians • Change in collections = blur in job roles
Beyond library discovery services in the cloud: a Cooperative Platform • Openness • Extensibility • Data richness • Collaboration
Caveat emptor (or Buyer beware) • First questions to ask: • Will it make my library more efficient? • Will it help my library offer better service?
Security and Privacy • Two aspects: • Technical • Legal • Not exclusive to cloud solutions
Scalable and reliable • Why multi-tenancy architecture matters • Redundancy • Data • Services
Data ownership and rights • Who owns your data? • What are your access rights to your data? • What are provisions for business failure?
Architecture • Open • Service oriented • Mashable and extensible
Conclusion • Opportunity to improve services and relevance • Cloud computing is One avenue • Libraries can: • Take advantage of rapidly emerging technologies • Increase visibility and accessibility of collections • Reduce duplication of effort • Streamline workflows • Create cooperative intelligence and improved service • Make libraries greener
Conclusion • Allow libraries and their users to participate in an information network • Create a powerful, unified presence on the Web • Give our users a local, regional and global reach
The OCLC cooperative: a nonprofit, membership organization Public purposes: Further access to the world’s information Reduce the rate of rise of library costs 72,035 libraries in 170 countries
OCLC: 20 offices in 10 countries Australia: Mexico: United States: Footscray, Victoria Mexico City Dublin, Ohio Perth, Western Australia Netherlands: Overland Park, Kansas Canada: Leiden San Mateo, California Calgary, Alberta Switzerland: Seattle, Washington Brossard, Quebec Basel Winnipeg, Manitoba United Kingdom: China: Birmingham Beijing Sheffield France: Asnières sur Seine Germany: Berlin Bonn Mannheim Oberhaching
New OCLC governance structure Members Regional Councils Global Council Board of Trustees 25,900+ 3 48 16 institutions councils members trustees
OCLC’s Member leadership Asia Pacific Regional Council EMEA Regional Council Americas Regional Council Global Council
OCLC Global Council 2010-2011
Global Council: Leadership transition President Vice-President/President-elect 2010-2011 Jennifer Younger Berndt Dugall 2011-2012 Berndt Dugall ChewLeng Beh
OCLC Trustees
OCLC strategic directions Develop new Web-scale services with libraries and Maintain and enhance existing services
Enhancements to services in 2010/2011 Connexion client 2.30 QuestionPoint 1.78 WebDewey 2.0 Resource Sharing: CONTENTdm 6 deflection by custom holdings group, new reciprocity reports ILLiad 8.1 Digital Collection Gateway 2.0 Local Holdings Record Summary service for WorldCat Local migration Direct Request for Articles Connexion browser WorldCat synchronization with HEBIS
Fiscal 2011: Enhancements to library management systems CBS 6.0 Amlib 5.3 OLIB 8.1 SunRise V4.0 LBS4 TouchPoint 1.6
BOND
Dewey Decimal Classification 23 rd Edition 200,000 libraries in 138 countries New translations • French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Spanish, Swedish • Arabic under development
OCLC systems Servers: • 750 Intel / AMD • Highly virtualized • 1 IBM Mainframe Storage: • 600 Terabytes • 10,000 slot Tape Library Operations Center, Kilgour Building, Dublin, Ohio, USA Data Centers: • Dublin, Westerville, Ohio (today) • EMEA, Australia — 2011 • Canada, EMEA 2 — 2012
OCLC system performance 22 million transactions a day! Transactions Per Second (TPS): peak: 400 transactions per second average: 225 transactions per second Average Response time: <.5 seconds Maximum concurrent sessions: 15,000
Availability snapshot: Fiscal 2011 Service Monthly Quarterly Fiscal year to date All Services 100.00% 99.97% 99.88% Connexion 100.00% 100.00% 99.94% Resource Sharing 100.00% 100.00% 99.93% WMS 100.00% 99.52% 99.56% WorldCat Local 100.00% 99.97% 99.83%
WorldCat today 239.2 million records 1.75+ billion holdings 16 August 2011
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