A seismic reflection imaging workflow based on the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
a seismic reflection imaging workflow based on the common
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

A seismic reflection imaging workflow based on the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 14, 2023 506 likes •1.11k views

74 th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. A seismic reflection imaging workflow based on the Common-Reflection-Surface (CRS) stack: Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack theoretical background and case study Applications

slide-1
SLIDE 1

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

A seismic reflection imaging workflow based on the Common-Reflection-Surface (CRS) stack: theoretical background and case study

  • T. Hertweck1
  • C. Jäger
  • J. Mann*
  • E. Duveneck2
  • Z. Heilmann

1now: Fugro-Robertson Ltd, Swanley, UK 2now: SINTEF Petroleum Research, Trondheim, Norway

Wave Inversion Technology (WIT) Consortium Geophysical Institute, University of Karlsruhe (TH) October 14, 2004

slide-2
SLIDE 2

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Overview

Introduction The project Data example Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

slide-3
SLIDE 3

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Seismic imaging

Conventional Processing e.g. NMO/DMO etc. Structural Imaging & Further Analysis

Depth Time

Data−driven Processing e.g. ZO CRS stack Prestack/Poststack time migration Velocity updating Kinematic wavefield (CRS) attributes Prestack depth migration Poststack depth migration Acquisition & Preprocessing Estimation of macro model

yellow = tools developed at Karlsruhe University

slide-4
SLIDE 4

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Seismic imaging

Conventional Processing e.g. NMO/DMO etc. Poststack depth migration Velocity updating Kinematic wavefield (CRS) attributes Structural Imaging & Further Analysis

Depth Time

Data−driven Processing e.g. ZO CRS stack Prestack depth migration Prestack/Poststack time migration Acquisition & Preprocessing Estimation of macro model

yellow = tools developed at Karlsruhe University

slide-5
SLIDE 5

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Common-Reflection-Surface stack

◮ Alternative to standard NMO/DMO/stack approach ◮ Output: zero-offset section (2D) or volume (3D) of

high S/N ratio

◮ Additional output: variety of kinematic wavefield

attributes (so-called CRS attributes)

◮ Principle: generalized, high-density, multiparameter,

multidimensional stacking velocity analysis tool

◮ Automated coherence-based application

slide-6
SLIDE 6

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Common-Reflection-Surface stack

◮ Alternative to standard NMO/DMO/stack approach ◮ Output: zero-offset section (2D) or volume (3D) of

high S/N ratio

◮ Additional output: variety of kinematic wavefield

attributes (so-called CRS attributes)

◮ Principle: generalized, high-density, multiparameter,

multidimensional stacking velocity analysis tool

◮ Automated coherence-based application

slide-7
SLIDE 7

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Common-Reflection-Surface stack

◮ Alternative to standard NMO/DMO/stack approach ◮ Output: zero-offset section (2D) or volume (3D) of

high S/N ratio

(from Müller, "The Common Reflection Surface Stack Method", 1999)

◮ Additional output: variety of kinematic wavefield

attributes (so-called CRS attributes)

◮ Principle: generalized, high-density, multiparameter,

multidimensional stacking velocity analysis tool

◮ Automated coherence-based application

slide-8
SLIDE 8

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Common-Reflection-Surface stack

◮ Alternative to standard NMO/DMO/stack approach ◮ Output: zero-offset section (2D) or volume (3D) of

high S/N ratio

◮ Additional output: variety of kinematic wavefield

attributes (so-called CRS attributes)

◮ Principle: generalized, high-density, multiparameter,

multidimensional stacking velocity analysis tool

◮ Automated coherence-based application

slide-9
SLIDE 9

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Common-Reflection-Surface stack

◮ Alternative to standard NMO/DMO/stack approach ◮ Output: zero-offset section (2D) or volume (3D) of

high S/N ratio

◮ Additional output: variety of kinematic wavefield

attributes (so-called CRS attributes)

◮ Principle: generalized, high-density, multiparameter,

multidimensional stacking velocity analysis tool

◮ Automated coherence-based application

slide-10
SLIDE 10

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Common-Reflection-Surface stack

◮ Alternative to standard NMO/DMO/stack approach ◮ Output: zero-offset section (2D) or volume (3D) of

high S/N ratio

◮ Additional output: variety of kinematic wavefield

attributes (so-called CRS attributes)

◮ Principle: generalized, high-density, multiparameter,

multidimensional stacking velocity analysis tool

◮ Automated coherence-based application

slide-11
SLIDE 11

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Basic concepts

◮ second-order approximation of reflection events ◮ spatial stacking operator ◮ limited number of stacking parameters:

first and second spatial derivatives of traveltime

◮ geometrical interpretation:

propagation direction and curvatures of hypothetical wavefronts

slide-12
SLIDE 12

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Basic concepts

◮ second-order approximation of reflection events ◮ spatial stacking operator ◮ limited number of stacking parameters:

first and second spatial derivatives of traveltime

◮ geometrical interpretation:

propagation direction and curvatures of hypothetical wavefronts

slide-13
SLIDE 13

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Basic concepts

◮ second-order approximation of reflection events ◮ spatial stacking operator ◮ limited number of stacking parameters:

first and second spatial derivatives of traveltime

◮ geometrical interpretation:

propagation direction and curvatures of hypothetical wavefronts

slide-14
SLIDE 14

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Basic concepts

◮ second-order approximation of reflection events ◮ spatial stacking operator ◮ limited number of stacking parameters:

first and second spatial derivatives of traveltime

◮ geometrical interpretation:

propagation direction and curvatures of hypothetical wavefronts

–1 1 2 3

S G

RN x0 RNIP

1

α

Depth [km] Distance [km]

v v

slide-15
SLIDE 15

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Applications of CRS attributes

◮ Automated, approximate, data-driven time migration ◮ Approximation of geometrical spreading factor ◮ Approximation of projected Fresnel zone

➥ Optimization of limited-aperture (true-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration

◮ Most important: attribute-based tomographic

velocity model determination (inversion) ➥ Output: smooth macrovelocity model for depth imaging

slide-16
SLIDE 16

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Applications of CRS attributes

◮ Automated, approximate, data-driven time migration ◮ Approximation of geometrical spreading factor ◮ Approximation of projected Fresnel zone

➥ Optimization of limited-aperture (true-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration

◮ Most important: attribute-based tomographic

velocity model determination (inversion) ➥ Output: smooth macrovelocity model for depth imaging

slide-17
SLIDE 17

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Applications of CRS attributes

◮ Automated, approximate, data-driven time migration ◮ Approximation of geometrical spreading factor ◮ Approximation of projected Fresnel zone

➥ Optimization of limited-aperture (true-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration

◮ Most important: attribute-based tomographic

velocity model determination (inversion) ➥ Output: smooth macrovelocity model for depth imaging

slide-18
SLIDE 18

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Applications of CRS attributes

◮ Automated, approximate, data-driven time migration ◮ Approximation of geometrical spreading factor ◮ Approximation of projected Fresnel zone

➥ Optimization of limited-aperture (true-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration

◮ Most important: attribute-based tomographic

velocity model determination (inversion) ➥ Output: smooth macrovelocity model for depth imaging

slide-19
SLIDE 19

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Applications of CRS attributes

◮ Automated, approximate, data-driven time migration ◮ Approximation of geometrical spreading factor ◮ Approximation of projected Fresnel zone

➥ Optimization of limited-aperture (true-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration

◮ Most important: attribute-based tomographic

velocity model determination (inversion) ➥ Output: smooth macrovelocity model for depth imaging

slide-20
SLIDE 20

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Applications of CRS attributes

◮ Automated, approximate, data-driven time migration ◮ Approximation of geometrical spreading factor ◮ Approximation of projected Fresnel zone

➥ Optimization of limited-aperture (true-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration

◮ Most important: attribute-based tomographic

velocity model determination (inversion) ➥ Output: smooth macrovelocity model for depth imaging

slide-21
SLIDE 21

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Synthesis of our imaging tools

CRS stack ✔ + Attribute-based tomography ✔ + (True-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration ✔ = CRS-stack-based imaging workflow ✔

◮ Consistent imaging workflow from prestack time

domain to depth domain

◮ Flexible, largely automated strategies ◮ Various useful auxiliary results

slide-22
SLIDE 22

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Synthesis of our imaging tools

CRS stack ✔ + Attribute-based tomography ✔ + (True-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration ✔ = CRS-stack-based imaging workflow ✔

◮ Consistent imaging workflow from prestack time

domain to depth domain

◮ Flexible, largely automated strategies ◮ Various useful auxiliary results

slide-23
SLIDE 23

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Synthesis of our imaging tools

CRS stack ✔ + Attribute-based tomography ✔ + (True-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration ✔ = CRS-stack-based imaging workflow ✔

◮ Consistent imaging workflow from prestack time

domain to depth domain

◮ Flexible, largely automated strategies ◮ Various useful auxiliary results

slide-24
SLIDE 24

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Synthesis of our imaging tools

CRS stack ✔ + Attribute-based tomography ✔ + (True-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration ✔ = CRS-stack-based imaging workflow ✔

◮ Consistent imaging workflow from prestack time

domain to depth domain

◮ Flexible, largely automated strategies ◮ Various useful auxiliary results

slide-25
SLIDE 25

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Synthesis of our imaging tools

CRS stack ✔ + Attribute-based tomography ✔ + (True-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration ✔ = CRS-stack-based imaging workflow ✔

◮ Consistent imaging workflow from prestack time

domain to depth domain

◮ Flexible, largely automated strategies ◮ Various useful auxiliary results

slide-26
SLIDE 26

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Synthesis of our imaging tools

CRS stack ✔ + Attribute-based tomography ✔ + (True-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration ✔ = CRS-stack-based imaging workflow ✔

◮ Consistent imaging workflow from prestack time

domain to depth domain

◮ Flexible, largely automated strategies ◮ Various useful auxiliary results

slide-27
SLIDE 27

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Synthesis of our imaging tools

CRS stack ✔ + Attribute-based tomography ✔ + (True-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration ✔ = CRS-stack-based imaging workflow ✔

◮ Consistent imaging workflow from prestack time

domain to depth domain

◮ Flexible, largely automated strategies ◮ Various useful auxiliary results

slide-28
SLIDE 28

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Synthesis of our imaging tools

CRS stack ✔ + Attribute-based tomography ✔ + (True-amplitude) Kirchhoff depth migration ✔ = CRS-stack-based imaging workflow ✔

◮ Consistent imaging workflow from prestack time

domain to depth domain

◮ Flexible, largely automated strategies ◮ Various useful auxiliary results

slide-29
SLIDE 29

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Project definition

◮ Geothermal project: power station planned ◮ Seismic survey performed to

◮ image fractures and faults ☞ water flow ◮ determine precise depth of target horizon ◮ find best possible drilling location

◮ Subsurface structure in target region:

◮ mainly horizontal layering, slightly dipping ◮ many faults and fractures ◮ strong velocity contrast above target area

slide-30
SLIDE 30

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Project definition

◮ Geothermal project: power station planned ◮ Seismic survey performed to

◮ image fractures and faults ☞ water flow ◮ determine precise depth of target horizon ◮ find best possible drilling location

◮ Subsurface structure in target region:

◮ mainly horizontal layering, slightly dipping ◮ many faults and fractures ◮ strong velocity contrast above target area

slide-31
SLIDE 31

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Project definition

◮ Geothermal project: power station planned ◮ Seismic survey performed to

◮ image fractures and faults ☞ water flow ◮ determine precise depth of target horizon ◮ find best possible drilling location

◮ Subsurface structure in target region:

◮ mainly horizontal layering, slightly dipping ◮ many faults and fractures ◮ strong velocity contrast above target area

slide-32
SLIDE 32

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Project definition

◮ Geothermal project: power station planned ◮ Seismic survey performed to

◮ image fractures and faults ☞ water flow ◮ determine precise depth of target horizon ◮ find best possible drilling location

◮ Subsurface structure in target region:

◮ mainly horizontal layering, slightly dipping ◮ many faults and fractures ◮ strong velocity contrast above target area

slide-33
SLIDE 33

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Project definition

◮ Geothermal project: power station planned ◮ Seismic survey performed to

◮ image fractures and faults ☞ water flow ◮ determine precise depth of target horizon ◮ find best possible drilling location

◮ Subsurface structure in target region:

◮ mainly horizontal layering, slightly dipping ◮ many faults and fractures ◮ strong velocity contrast above target area

slide-34
SLIDE 34

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Project definition

◮ Geothermal project: power station planned ◮ Seismic survey performed to

◮ image fractures and faults ☞ water flow ◮ determine precise depth of target horizon ◮ find best possible drilling location

◮ Subsurface structure in target region:

◮ mainly horizontal layering, slightly dipping ◮ many faults and fractures ◮ strong velocity contrast above target area

slide-35
SLIDE 35

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Data acquisition

◮ 2 parallel seismic lines, 12 km length each ◮ Source: 3 vibrators, linear upsweep 12-100 Hz,

source separation ∆s=50 m

◮ Receivers: ≈ 240 groups (12 geophones each),

receiver group separation ∆r=50 m

◮ Recording time after deconvolution: 4 s;

sampling interval: 2 ms

slide-36
SLIDE 36

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Data acquisition

◮ 2 parallel seismic lines, 12 km length each ◮ Source: 3 vibrators, linear upsweep 12-100 Hz,

source separation ∆s=50 m

◮ Receivers: ≈ 240 groups (12 geophones each),

receiver group separation ∆r=50 m

◮ Recording time after deconvolution: 4 s;

sampling interval: 2 ms

slide-37
SLIDE 37

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Data acquisition

◮ 2 parallel seismic lines, 12 km length each ◮ Source: 3 vibrators, linear upsweep 12-100 Hz,

source separation ∆s=50 m

◮ Receivers: ≈ 240 groups (12 geophones each),

receiver group separation ∆r=50 m

◮ Recording time after deconvolution: 4 s;

sampling interval: 2 ms

slide-38
SLIDE 38

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Data acquisition

◮ 2 parallel seismic lines, 12 km length each ◮ Source: 3 vibrators, linear upsweep 12-100 Hz,

source separation ∆s=50 m

◮ Receivers: ≈ 240 groups (12 geophones each),

receiver group separation ∆r=50 m

◮ Recording time after deconvolution: 4 s;

sampling interval: 2 ms

slide-39
SLIDE 39

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

CRS stack: simulated ZO section

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Time [s] 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 CMP no.

horizontal extent ≈ 12 km

slide-40
SLIDE 40

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Tomographic inversion: velocity model

1000 2000 3000 Depth [m] 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 CMP no. 2000 3000 4000 velocity [m/s]

horizontal extent ≈ 12 km

slide-41
SLIDE 41

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Kirchhoff poststack depth migration

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Depth [m] 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 CMP no.

horizontal extent ≈ 12 km

slide-42
SLIDE 42

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Kirchhoff prestack depth migration

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Depth [m] 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 CMP no.

horizontal extent ≈ 12 km

slide-43
SLIDE 43

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Common-image gathers

1 2 3 Depth [km] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CIG Location [km]

maximum offset ≈ 3000 m

slide-44
SLIDE 44

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Preliminary structural interpretation

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Depth [m] 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 CMP no.

horizontal extent ≈ 12 km

slide-45
SLIDE 45

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Comparison to standard processing

◮ Largely automated processing ◮ Generally higher resolution of reflectors and faults,

particularly in the target area

◮ Reliable depth location of reflectors, according to

well data and other geological and geophysical information

◮ Faults can be traced from near-surface to depths as

large as 3 km

slide-46
SLIDE 46

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Comparison to standard processing

◮ Largely automated processing ◮ Generally higher resolution of reflectors and faults,

particularly in the target area

◮ Reliable depth location of reflectors, according to

well data and other geological and geophysical information

◮ Faults can be traced from near-surface to depths as

large as 3 km

slide-47
SLIDE 47

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Comparison to standard processing

◮ Largely automated processing ◮ Generally higher resolution of reflectors and faults,

particularly in the target area

◮ Reliable depth location of reflectors, according to

well data and other geological and geophysical information

◮ Faults can be traced from near-surface to depths as

large as 3 km

slide-48
SLIDE 48

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Comparison to standard processing

◮ Largely automated processing ◮ Generally higher resolution of reflectors and faults,

particularly in the target area

◮ Reliable depth location of reflectors, according to

well data and other geological and geophysical information

◮ Faults can be traced from near-surface to depths as

large as 3 km

slide-49
SLIDE 49

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Comparison to standard processing

◮ Largely automated processing ◮ Generally higher resolution of reflectors and faults,

particularly in the target area

◮ Reliable depth location of reflectors, according to

well data and other geological and geophysical information

◮ Faults can be traced from near-surface to depths as

large as 3 km

slide-50
SLIDE 50

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Conclusions

◮ Workflow: from time to depth domain ◮ Successful application in recent exploration project ◮ Basis: CRS stack producing high quality stack

sections and very useful attribute sections

◮ Subsequent application of tomographic inversion

with CRS attributes and Kirchhoff depth migration

◮ Various workflow extentions possible (finite-offset

CRS stack & inversion, static corrections, topography handling, AVO analysis, etc.)

◮ 3D software is available or under development

slide-51
SLIDE 51

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Conclusions

◮ Workflow: from time to depth domain ◮ Successful application in recent exploration project ◮ Basis: CRS stack producing high quality stack

sections and very useful attribute sections

◮ Subsequent application of tomographic inversion

with CRS attributes and Kirchhoff depth migration

◮ Various workflow extentions possible (finite-offset

CRS stack & inversion, static corrections, topography handling, AVO analysis, etc.)

◮ 3D software is available or under development

slide-52
SLIDE 52

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Conclusions

◮ Workflow: from time to depth domain ◮ Successful application in recent exploration project ◮ Basis: CRS stack producing high quality stack

sections and very useful attribute sections

◮ Subsequent application of tomographic inversion

with CRS attributes and Kirchhoff depth migration

◮ Various workflow extentions possible (finite-offset

CRS stack & inversion, static corrections, topography handling, AVO analysis, etc.)

◮ 3D software is available or under development

slide-53
SLIDE 53

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Conclusions

◮ Workflow: from time to depth domain ◮ Successful application in recent exploration project ◮ Basis: CRS stack producing high quality stack

sections and very useful attribute sections

◮ Subsequent application of tomographic inversion

with CRS attributes and Kirchhoff depth migration

◮ Various workflow extentions possible (finite-offset

CRS stack & inversion, static corrections, topography handling, AVO analysis, etc.)

◮ 3D software is available or under development

slide-54
SLIDE 54

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Conclusions

◮ Workflow: from time to depth domain ◮ Successful application in recent exploration project ◮ Basis: CRS stack producing high quality stack

sections and very useful attribute sections

◮ Subsequent application of tomographic inversion

with CRS attributes and Kirchhoff depth migration

◮ Various workflow extentions possible (finite-offset

CRS stack & inversion, static corrections, topography handling, AVO analysis, etc.)

◮ 3D software is available or under development

slide-55
SLIDE 55

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Conclusions

◮ Workflow: from time to depth domain ◮ Successful application in recent exploration project ◮ Basis: CRS stack producing high quality stack

sections and very useful attribute sections

◮ Subsequent application of tomographic inversion

with CRS attributes and Kirchhoff depth migration

◮ Various workflow extentions possible (finite-offset

CRS stack & inversion, static corrections, topography handling, AVO analysis, etc.)

◮ 3D software is available or under development

slide-56
SLIDE 56

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Acknowledgments

This work was kindly supported by

◮ HotRock Erdwärmekraftwerk (EWK)

Offenbach/Pfalz GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany

◮ Deutsche Montan Technologie (DMT) GmbH,

Essen, Germany

◮ the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature

Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Berlin, Germany

◮ the sponsors of the Wave Inversion Technology

(WIT) Consortium, Karlsruhe, Germany

slide-57
SLIDE 57

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T

Related presentations

In this session: SP 4.5 CRS imaging and tomography versus PreSDM: a case history in overthrust geology SP 4.6 CRS stack and redatuming for rugged surface topography: a synthetic data example SP 4.8 3D focusing operator estimation using sparse data

slide-58
SLIDE 58

74th Annual Meeting SEG, Denver 2004 Hertweck et al. Introduction Seismic imaging CRS stack Applications Synthesis The project Project definition Data acquisition Data example CRS stack Inversion PostSDM PreSDM CIG Interpretation Comparison Conclusions Acknowledgments

W I T