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A preliminary investigation into field hockey face and head - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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A preliminary investigation into field hockey face and head protection systems G.Harradine, D. Eager & C.Chapman Greenfields USA, 2016 13 th Australasian Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Conference 13-15 November 2017 Mercure Ballarat

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Greenfields USA, 2016

13th Australasian Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Conference 13-15 November 2017 Mercure Ballarat Hotel and Convention Centre

A preliminary investigation into field hockey face and head protection systems

G.Harradine, D. Eager & C.Chapman

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Engineering Capstone

  • 12 credit point thesis subject towards Bachelor of

Engineering.

  • Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical and Mechatronics),

Bachelor of Medical Science, Diploma in Engineering Practice

  • Played hockey for 16 years, past 8 years have been with UTS
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Field Hockey

  • Played in over 132 countries
  • Olympic sport
  • Governed internationally the FIH
  • Hockey Australia + Hockey NSW

Photo: Grant Treeby viewed in Canberra Times, 2016 FIH 2017 Hockey Australia 2017

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Penalty Corners

Penalty Corner Defensive Angle (Sportsmediagroup, 2015)

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Face Masks

  • No standards – for manufacture or performance
  • FIH has size and colour requirements only
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Investigation Aims

  • To determine the efficacy of

these face masks.

  • Explore the perceptions of

players:

– Does assumed protection = actual protection? – Are players getting what they are paying for?

  • What have other sports done

about this?

  • Would standards help?
  • What should be done about

this?

OBO 2012

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Literature Review

  • Limited studies into field hockey injuries.
  • Rules and equipment have changed so often and

recently that data quickly becomes outdated.

  • Few studies into the efficacy of face masks in field

hockey.

HFS Field Hockey, Pinterest 2017

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What about other sports?

  • Baseball

– Increase in use of protective equipment lead to a decrease in ED admissions for baseball head injuries (Carniol et al. 2015)

  • Ice Hockey

– Standardised equipment improved safety – Player behaviour changes – Performance over protection

  • Cricket

– Reiterated the same themes as ice hockey – Phillip Hughes inquest

Giphy 2017 Ranson et al. 2013

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Survey Hockey Public

  • Do players wear masks? Why/why not?
  • What is the injury incidence and type?
  • What do players think face masks do?
  • Do players know there are no standards?
  • Should there be standards?

HockeyGods, 2012

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Results

Proportion of players wearing face masks

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Results

Reasons for not wearing a face mask

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Results

Reasons for wearing a face mask

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Results

Priorities when selecting a face mask

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Results

Likelihood of wearing a mask

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Results

Market perceptions of face masks

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Testing Current Systems

  • BOLA Hockey Ball machine
  • Head form containing

accelerometers in 3 axes (x y z)

  • Data collated on Labview

software

  • Speed range from 30kph-140kph
  • Four masks of varying designs

tested

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Testing Current Systems

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Testing Current Systems

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Results

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Results

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Results

Bola Ball Speed (kph) Average Actual Speed (kph) Average gmax (g) Average Jmax (g/s) Average HIC15 Average Contact Time (ms) Mazon Club Mask 30 36.9 10.42 9523.2 0.32 11.6 60 73.4 32.26 25209.6 5.42 27.64 90 119.1 134.14 132992.4 86.74 37.52 120 139.8 154.18 148107.50 123.68 16.45 140 166.6 166.73 153896.67 168.47 18.33 Gryphon G Force Pro 30 36.9 7.6 6191.67 0.13 8.8 60 73.4 81.13 79812.67 17.8 18 90 119.1 166 156882.67 222.26 22.8 120 Broke and could not be tested for these values 140 Broke and could not be tested for these values Mazon Proforce 30 36.9 6.57 6031 0.067 14.83 60 73.4 13.47 13873.33 09.3 17.86 90 119.1 83.6 78982.33 31.7 13.26 120 139.8 177.65 175783.25 249.95 15.58 140 166.6 228 222047 387.9 19.5 OBO OOP Face Off Steel Grill 30 36.9 5.93 3191.67 0.23 17.53 60 73.4 23.1 17787.5 3.3 18.25 90 119.1 45.3 34255.33 18.23 16.06 120 139.8 96.8 88662.5 65.4 16.45 140 Deformed beyond use at prior speed and was not further tested.

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OBO Grill Mask at 60kph

Results

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Gryphon G Force Mask at 60kph

Results

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Mazon Proforce Mask at 60kph

Results

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Mazon Club Mask at 60kph

Results

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The data from the headform hit with no face mask at BOLA 60kph

Results

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Variables BOLA Speed Lowest gmax Lowest Jmax Lowest HIC Longest Contact Time 30kph OBO Grill OBO Grill Mazon Proforce OBO Grill 60kph Mazon Proforce Mazon Proforce OBO Grill Mazon Club Mask 90kph OBO Grill OBO Grill OBO Grill Mazon Club Mask 120kph OBO Grill OBO Grill OBO Grill Mazon Club Mask and OBO Grill (equal) 140kph Mazon Club Mask Mazon Club Mask Mazon Club Mask Mason Proforce

Results

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Recommendations

  • How do we apply what has been learned?

Collection of injury data Further testing of current face masks Standardisation Player education and behavioural research New, innovative designs Review of the FIH rules

  • So what next?
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Acknowledgements

  • University of Technology Sydney
  • David Eager and Christopher Chapman

Thank you and enjoy the rest of the conference!

Imgur 2017