a Potential Animal Feed Resource David Galligan ,VMD MBA Professor - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Consumer Food Waste - a Potential Animal Feed Resource

David Galligan ,VMD MBA Professor of Animal Health Economics Zhengxia Dou Professor of Agricultural Systems

Animal Agriculture

• “providing our dinner” or “taking our lunch” ?
• Competes for use of resources (land, water, .. .) for other activities.

Our Focus:

• What is the “appropriate role” of animal agriculture in a sustainable

system?

• Can they play a synergistic role?

Historical approach to improving animal efficiency

• Increase yield/animal unit

Mechanism

• Dilution of animal maintenance cost
• More yield/animal, requires fewer animals, fewer replacement

animals and fewer resources proportional to animal numbers.

Link to Milk Intensity PDF

New dim imensions of f efficiency – use of human food waste as animal l feed

• 30% of Human Food Production is used

as by products in animal feeding systems

• However Food Waste in U.S. is very

large

The Magnitude of f the Problem

On Farm Processing Manufacturing Consumption Stage

9.1 Mt 0.9 Mt 47 Mt

FLW along the food chain

2 4 6 8 10 12 Tree nuts and… Eggs Added fats and… Meat, poultry,… Added sugars… Fruit Grain products Vegetables Dairy products Retail loss Consumer loss\1 Million metric tonnes 36%

11.5

72% 28% 64% 61% 39% 68% 32% 73% 27% 82% 18% 55% 25% 45% 36%, 64% 75%

7.0 7.6 8.4 8.4 11.4 0.2 1.3 4.5

Retail and consumer food loss by food group

The Magnitude of f the Problem

Resources and Fin inancial Drains wit ith Retail and Consumer Le Level FLW

• 27% of cropland
• 25% of irrigation water
• 26% of fertilizer
• 25% of energy
• Retail value of $161.6 billion
• Intangible impacts, e.g. water pollution,

GHGs, biodiversity, and habitat loss

U.S. 2030 FLW Reduction Goal: 50%

FLW Reduction, , Recovery ry, and Recycling

San Francisco Austin Boulder

Cities with food waste regulations States with food waste regulations

Seattle, New York City

The Hierarchy

FLW Reduction, , Recovery ry, and Recycling

Reduction/ Prevention Recovery/ Diversion Recycling Disposal Source reduction Food rescue for people Industrial uses Feeding animals Composting Incineration AD Landfill

Hierarchy Mt Notes Prevention (rescue/donation) to feed people 0.32 Manufacturer donation 0.30 Retail/wholesale donation 0.008 Farm gleaning 0.19 Donation, Feeding America data 0.56 Donation from consumer and retail Diversion nonhuman beneficial use 13.9 Manufacturer diversion to feed animals 0.1 Retail/wholesale diversion to feed animals 1.1 Restaurant grease recovery Recycling 5.0 Manufacturer-reported composting 0.53 Retail/wholesale reported composting 1.42 EPA data on composting 1.66 Survey response of 24 states

Majo jor Data on Food Waste Prevention and Recycling

1-2 Mt 7-8 Mt 15 Mt

Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

• Our decisions and actions are not necessarily

rational or straightforward…

In Interpretive Analysis

Ch Changing food-wasting behavior

• No one buys food to throw it away but...
• Nudging for behavioral change…

Technolo logies and th the 50% reduction goal

• Composting
• Reduced volume, moisture, and pathogens
• Compost as soil amendment

In Interpretive Analysis

• Anaerobic digestion (AD)
• Biogas as a source of renewable energy
• Digestate as soil amendment
• Efficacy, costs-benefits, scale-up?
• Tradeoffs?

In Interpretive Analysis

A game ch changer?

ReFeed

Save resource Reduce pollution Grain spared

47 Mt 1 Mt

Soil erosion N&P losses GHGs Biodiversity Energy Water Fertilizer Land Agricultural crops Processing manufacturing Consumption stage Livestock animals

9 Mt

Conclusions

• Sustainable food consumption must be taken into account
• f the food security and sustainability agenda.
• Food waste prevention is a top priority; changing consumer

wasteful behavior is essential. Still, need all workable solutions.

• Technologies have a critical role to play. Research must

evaluate the overall impacts of different technologies on food, energy, water, other resources, economic viability, and environmental-climate outcomes.

Questio ions/Discussion

Zhengxia Dou

douzheng@vet.upenn.edu This CAST Issue Paper is available at www.cast-science.org/ publications.