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A Model for Mineral Materials A Model for Resource Management of Introduction Mineral Materials in the City of Zurich Methods Results Discussion M. Brgi M. Schneider Dr. S. Rubli Dr. H. Gugerli Tiefbauamt der Stadt

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SLIDE 1

A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

A Model for Resource Management of Mineral Materials in the City of Zurich

  • M. Schneider∗
  • Dr. S. Rubli∗
  • Dr. H. Gugerli‡
  • M. Bürgi♯

∗Wertstoff-Börse GmbH ‡Amt für Hochbauten Stadt Zürich ♯Tiefbauamt der Stadt Zürich

August 28th 2007

vor 1900 1900 - 1925 1926 - 1945 1946 - 1965 1966 - 1985 1986 - 2005 EFH PRG Uebr MFH DLG 4 8 12 16 20 Gebäudevolumen [Mio. m3] Baujahr ▼❛t❡r✐❛❧ ✢♦✇s ✐♥ ✶✬✵✵✵ t♦♥s✴②❡❛r✱ st♦❝❦s ✐♥ ✶✬✵✵✵ t♦♥s ❙②st❡♠ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r②✿ ❈✐t② ♦❢ ❩✉r✐❝❤ ❖❋❇ ▼❋❇ ❙❇ P❇ ❖t❤❡rs ❙tr❡❡t ❘❛✐❧ ❲❛t❡r ❙❡✇❛❣❡ ❊♥❡r❣② Pr❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s Pr❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❙♦rt✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ s❡♣❛r❛t✐♥❣ Pr♦❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❢♦r r❡❝②❝❧✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❞✜❧❧ Pr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s Pr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s❡❝♦♥❞❛r② ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s
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SLIDE 2

A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Introduction and Goal

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SLIDE 3

A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Introduction and Goal

  • The built city of Zurich is a stock of
  • materials. ⇒ It can be regarded as

a deposit of secondary resources.

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SLIDE 4

A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Introduction and Goal

  • The built city of Zurich is a stock of
  • materials. ⇒ It can be regarded as

a deposit of secondary resources.

  • What are the potentials of an
  • ptimized resource-management?
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SLIDE 5

A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Introduction and Goal

  • The built city of Zurich is a stock of
  • materials. ⇒ It can be regarded as

a deposit of secondary resources.

  • What are the potentials of an
  • ptimized resource-management?

⇒ Estimation of the mineral materials

in the City of Zurich:

  • The material stocks in

buildings and infrastructures

  • The annual material flows into

and out of the city

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Division

Buildings and Infrastructures

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Classification

Buildings and Infrastructures

The built City of Zurich

Buildings Residential OFB MFB Non residential SB PB Others Infrastructures Traffic Road Rail Supply and disposal Water Sewage Energy OFB One-family houses SB Service Buildings MFB Apartment buildings PB Production facilities

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

The System

Buildings and Infrastructures

▼❛t❡r✐❛❧ ✢♦✇s ✐♥ ✶✬✵✵✵ t♦♥s✴②❡❛r✱ st♦❝❦s ✐♥ ✶✬✵✵✵ t♦♥s ❙②st❡♠ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r②✿ ❈✐t② ♦❢ ❩✉r✐❝❤ ❖❋❇ ▼❋❇ ❙❇ P❇ ❖t❤❡rs ❙tr❡❡t ❘❛✐❧ ❲❛t❡r ❙❡✇❛❣❡ ❊♥❡r❣② Pr❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s Pr❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❙♦rt✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ s❡♣❛r❛t✐♥❣ Pr♦❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❢♦r r❡❝②❝❧✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❞✜❧❧ Pr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s Pr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s❡❝♦♥❞❛r② ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Construction materials

Concrete Buildings, bridges, pipes Brickwork Walls (bricks-and-mortar, natural stone) Gravel, Sand Foundation, underground engineering Paving Roads (asphalt cement, bitumen) Rest Gypsum, ceramics, plaster and glassware

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Materials in the Buildings

55’400 Buildings

Stocks:

Typical «construction style» and «fraction of material-volume» depending on age and utilisation

Material flows:

Calculated on the base of the annual difference of the stocks

Year of construction

1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 before 1900

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 % Fraction of used materials Concrete Brickwork Others

Source: Kantonale Abfallplanung – Perspektive Bauabfälle, Kanton AG, 1995.

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Materials in the Buildings

55’400 Buildings

Stocks:

Typical «construction style» and «fraction of material-volume» depending on age and utilisation

Material flows:

Calculated on the base of the annual difference of the stocks

Year of construction

1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 before 1900

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 % Fraction of used materials Concrete Brickwork Others

  • Source: Kantonale Abfallplanung – Perspektive Bauabfälle, Kanton AG, 1995.
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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Materials in the Buildings

55’400 Buildings

Stocks:

Typical «construction style» and «fraction of material-volume» depending on age and utilisation

Material flows:

Calculated on the base of the annual difference of the stocks

Year of construction

1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 before 1900

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 % Fraction of used materials Concrete Brickwork Others

  • Concrete

Brickwork Others

Source: Kantonale Abfallplanung – Perspektive Bauabfälle, Kanton AG, 1995.

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Materials in the Infrastructures

7’500 km of Infrastructure Systems

Stocks:

  • Width and depth lead to a «typical cross-section»
  • Length and areas of the systems

Material flows:

  • Annual ratio of maintenance
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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Analysis of the Stocks

Building Volumes 2005, Total Volume = 166 million m3

OFB MFB SB PB Others 0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % Percentage of buildings volumes OFB One-family houses SB Service Buildings MFB Apartment buildings PB Production facilities

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Analysis of the Stocks

Infrastructure Systems 2005, Total Length = 7’500 km

Traffic Energy Water

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Analysis of the Stocks

Infrastructure Systems 2005, Total Length = 7’500 km

Street 13% Path 14% Rail 4% Water 15% Sewage 12% Electricity 29% Gas 11% Community heating 2%

Traffic Energy Water

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

The Stocks of Materials

Mineral Materials in the City of Zurich 2005

Concrete Brickwork Gravel, Sand Rest* Paving Buildings Infrastructures Stock of materials in million tons 10 20 30 40

∗Rest: gypsum, ceramics, plaster and glassware

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

The System «City of Zurich»

Total Stocks and Material Flows 2005

▼❛t❡r✐❛❧ ✢♦✇s ✐♥ ✶✬✵✵✵ t♦♥s✴②❡❛r✱ st♦❝❦s ✐♥ ✶✬✵✵✵ t♦♥s ❙②st❡♠ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r②✿ ❈✐t② ♦❢ ❩✉r✐❝❤✱ ②❡❛r ✷✵✵✺ ✷✾✽✻ ✰ ✷✺ ❖❋❇ ✸✾ ✶✹ ✸✶✸✶✶ ✰ ✸✼✸ ▼❋❇ ✹✼✵ ✾✼ ✷✺✾✾✶ ✰ ✶✽✼ ❙❇ ✹✻✵ ✷✼✸ ✷✵✼✶ ✲ ✽✺ P❇ ✶✶ ✾✺ ✻✵✷✸ ✰ ✶✼✺ ❖t❤❡rs ✷✶✹ ✸✾ ✶✷✵✻✼ ❙tr❡❡t ✷✶✸ ✷✶✸ ✷✶✵✵ ❘❛✐❧ ✼✵ ✼✵ ✸✽✹✵ ❲❛t❡r ✼✵ ✼✵ ✹✼✽✹ ❙❡✇❛❣❡ ✹✽ ✹✽ ✻✷✵✹ ❊♥❡r❣② ✶✷✹ ✶✷✹ Pr❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s Pr❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❙♦rt✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ s❡♣❛r❛t✐♥❣ Pr♦❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❢♦r r❡❝②❝❧✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❞✜❧❧ Pr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s Pr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s❡❝✉♥❞❛r② ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ✺✶✼ ✺✷✹ ✽✹✼ ✶✾✺ ✵ ✵ ✹✷ ✽✵✹ ✶✼✹ ✶✺✻ ✹✼✹ ✶✵✶✾ ✸✻✽ ✶✸✽✼

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Comparison with Data for Switzerland

Source: BUWAL, 2001 and BFS, 2007

Buildings Infrastructure Total

Material Stocks

t/cap 50 100 150 200 250 300 Zurich Switzerland

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Comparison with Data for Switzerland

Source: BUWAL, 2001 and BFS, 2007

Buildings Infrastructure Total

Material Stocks

t/cap 50 100 150 200 250 300 Zurich Switzerland Input (concrete) Output (total)

Material Flows

t/(cap a) 1 2 3 4 5 Zurich Switzerland

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Optimization of Resource Management

The «Im Birch»-School: 90 % RC-Concrete

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Optimization of Resource Management

Today: 20 % Recycled Concrete in the Input Flows

▼❛t❡r✐❛❧ ✢♦✇s ✐♥ ✶✬✵✵✵ t♦♥s✴②❡❛r✱ st♦❝❦s ✐♥ ✶✬✵✵✵ t♦♥s ❙②st❡♠ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r②✿ ❈✐t② ♦❢ ❩✉r✐❝❤✱ ②❡❛r ✷✵✵✺ ✾✸✹ ✰ ✶✽ ❖❋❇ ✷✸ ✹ ✶✷✶✷✸ ✰ ✷✸✾ ▼❋❇ ✷✼✼ ✸✾ ✶✹✼✵✸ ✰ ✶✻✾ ❙❇ ✸✷✾ ✶✻✵ ✶✶✹✹ ✲ ✹✻ P❇ ✼ ✺✹ ✸✷✽✹ ✰ ✶✷✹ ❖t❤❡rs ✶✹✹ ✷✵ ✸✻✻✹ ❙tr❡❡t ✺✺ ✺✺ ✺✽✻ ❘❛✐❧ ✷✵ ✷✵ ✻✹✹ ❲❛t❡r ✻ ✻ ✶✶✷✶ ❙❡✇❛❣❡ ✶✶ ✶✶ ✹✾✶ ❊♥❡r❣② ✶✶ ✶✶ Pr❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s Pr❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❙♦rt✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ s❡♣❛r❛t✐♥❣ Pr♦❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❢♦r r❡❝②❝❧✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❞✜❧❧ Pr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s Pr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s❡❝✉♥❞❛r② ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ✷✼✻ ✶✵✸ ✸✶✾ ✻✵ ✵ ✵ ✶✻ ✸✵✸ ✶✺✻ ✺✷ ✾✺ ✻✷✹ ✺✷ ✻✼✻

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Optimization of Resource Management

In the Future: 80 % Recycled Concrete?

▼❛t❡r✐❛❧ ✢♦✇s ✐♥ ✶✬✵✵✵ t♦♥s✴②❡❛r✱ st♦❝❦s ✐♥ ✶✬✵✵✵ t♦♥s ❙②st❡♠ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r②✿ ❈✐t② ♦❢ ❩✉r✐❝❤✱ ②❡❛r ✷✵✵✺ ✾✸✹ ✰ ✶✽ ❖❋❇ ✷✸ ✹ ✶✷✶✷✸ ✰ ✷✸✾ ▼❋❇ ✷✼✼ ✸✾ ✶✹✼✵✸ ✰ ✶✻✾ ❙❇ ✸✷✾ ✶✻✵ ✶✶✹✹ ✲ ✹✻ P❇ ✼ ✺✹ ✸✷✽✹ ✰ ✶✷✹ ❖t❤❡rs ✶✹✹ ✷✵ ✸✻✻✹ ❙tr❡❡t ✺✺ ✺✺ ✺✽✻ ❘❛✐❧ ✷✵ ✷✵ ✻✹✹ ❲❛t❡r ✻ ✻ ✶✶✷✶ ❙❡✇❛❣❡ ✶✶ ✶✶ ✹✾✶ ❊♥❡r❣② ✶✶ ✶✶ Pr❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s Pr❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❙♦rt✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ s❡♣❛r❛t✐♥❣ Pr♦❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✇❛st❡ ❢♦r r❡❝②❝❧✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❞✜❧❧ Pr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s Pr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s❡❝✉♥❞❛r② ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ✷✼✻ ✶✵✸ ✸✶✾ ✻✵ ✵ ✵ ✶✻ ✸✵✸ ✻✷✹ ✺✷ ✸✼✸ ✶✺✻ ✺✷ ✷✵✽

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Conclusion and Outlook

  • The City of Zurich grows slower than the rest of

the country, but has a higher modification-rate and turnover of materials

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Conclusion and Outlook

  • The City of Zurich grows slower than the rest of the

country, but has a higher modification-rate and turnover of materials

  • The results show a huge potential for the use of

recycling-products

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Conclusion and Outlook

  • The City of Zurich grows slower than the rest of the

country, but has a higher modification-rate and turnover of materials

  • The results show a huge potential for the use of

recycling-products

  • Following project: Dynamic modeling of different

scenarios for the period 2000-2050

  • materials
  • energy
  • 2000-Watt Society
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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

Thank you for your Attention!

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A Model for Mineral Materials Introduction Methods Results Discussion

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A Model for Mineral Materials Appendix

Materials in the Buildings Age of the Buildings Stock of Buildings Timeseries Rate of Exchange Material Stocks Infrastructure Flow Chart (Calculation) Annual Difference of Stocks Buildings (City vs. Canton) Input vs.Output

Appendix

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SLIDE 30

A Model for Mineral Materials Appendix

Materials in the Buildings Age of the Buildings Stock of Buildings Timeseries Rate of Exchange Material Stocks Infrastructure Flow Chart (Calculation) Annual Difference of Stocks Buildings (City vs. Canton) Input vs.Output

Materials in the Buildings

55’400 Buildings

Year of construction

1900 1945 1960 1975 1995 2005 before 1900

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 % Fraction of used materials Concrete Brickwork Others

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A Model for Mineral Materials Appendix

Materials in the Buildings Age of the Buildings Stock of Buildings Timeseries Rate of Exchange Material Stocks Infrastructure Flow Chart (Calculation) Annual Difference of Stocks Buildings (City vs. Canton) Input vs.Output

Age of the Buildings

Baujahr Anzahl Gebäude 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 1'000 2'000 3'000 4'000

vor 1800

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A Model for Mineral Materials Appendix

Materials in the Buildings Age of the Buildings Stock of Buildings Timeseries Rate of Exchange Material Stocks Infrastructure Flow Chart (Calculation) Annual Difference of Stocks Buildings (City vs. Canton) Input vs.Output

Stock of Buildings

before 1900 1900 - 1925 1926 - 1945 1946 - 1965 1966 - 1985 1986 - 2005 Others PB OFB MFB SB

  • 5

10 15 20 Volume [million m3]

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A Model for Mineral Materials Appendix

Materials in the Buildings Age of the Buildings Stock of Buildings Timeseries Rate of Exchange Material Stocks Infrastructure Flow Chart (Calculation) Annual Difference of Stocks Buildings (City vs. Canton) Input vs.Output

Timeseries

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Jahr Anzahl Gebäude Neubau Sanierung Abbruch

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SLIDE 34

A Model for Mineral Materials Appendix

Materials in the Buildings Age of the Buildings Stock of Buildings Timeseries Rate of Exchange Material Stocks Infrastructure Flow Chart (Calculation) Annual Difference of Stocks Buildings (City vs. Canton) Input vs.Output

Rate of Exchange

Anteil Gebäudevolumen am Bestand 2005, total 100% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% EFH MFH DLG PRG Uebr Total Anteil am Bestand in % Anteil Gebäudevolumen "Umbau", "Neubau" und "Abbruch"

  • bzgl. totalem Gebäudevolumen, Mittelwerte 2002-2005

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% EFH MFH DLG PRG Uebr Total Anteil in % vom totalen Gebäudevolumen Anteil Sanierung Anteil Neubau Anteil Rückbau

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SLIDE 35

A Model for Mineral Materials Appendix

Materials in the Buildings Age of the Buildings Stock of Buildings Timeseries Rate of Exchange Material Stocks Infrastructure Flow Chart (Calculation) Annual Difference of Stocks Buildings (City vs. Canton) Input vs.Output

Material Stocks

EFH MFH DLG PRG Uebr Belag Kies, Sand Mineralisch Mauerwerk Beton Materiallager in Mio. Tonnen 5 10 15 20 25 30 EFH MFH DLG PRG Uebr Zusammensetzung in % 20 40 60 80 100

Materiallager und Zusammensetzung der Gebäude

Strasse Schiene Wasser Abwasser Energie Belag Kies, Sand Mineralisch Mauerwerk Beton Materiallager in Mio. Tonnen 2 4 6 8 10 12 Strasse Schiene Wasser Abwasser Energie Zusammensetzung in % 20 40 60 80 100

Materiallager und Zusammensetzung der Infrastruktur

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SLIDE 36

A Model for Mineral Materials Appendix

Materials in the Buildings Age of the Buildings Stock of Buildings Timeseries Rate of Exchange Material Stocks Infrastructure Flow Chart (Calculation) Annual Difference of Stocks Buildings (City vs. Canton) Input vs.Output

Analysis of the Stocks

Infrastructure Systems, Total Length = 7’500 km

Street 13% Path 14% Rail 4% Water 15% Sewage 12% Electricity 29% Gas 11% Community heating 2%

Traffic Energy Water

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SLIDE 37

A Model for Mineral Materials Appendix

Materials in the Buildings Age of the Buildings Stock of Buildings Timeseries Rate of Exchange Material Stocks Infrastructure Flow Chart (Calculation) Annual Difference of Stocks Buildings (City vs. Canton) Input vs.Output

Flow Chart of the Calculation

❙t❛rt ❲❛s ❜❡r❡❝❤♥❡♥❄ ❇❡st❛♥❞ ❩✉s❛♠♠❡♥✲ s❡t③✉♥❣ ❆✉s❣❛❜❡✲ ❚❛❜❡❧❧❡ ❆✉s❣❛❜❡✲ ❚❛❜❡❧❧❡ ♠✐t n ❩❡✐❧❡♥ i := 1 i = i + 1 ❩❡✐❧❡ i ✐♥ ■✲❖✲❚❛❜❡❧❧❡ s❝❤r❡✐❜❡♥ ❘❡s✉❧t❛t i ❚❛❜❡❧❧❡ ❘❡s✉❧t❛t i ≤ n ❄ ❘❡s✉❧t❛t ✭❙✉♠♠❡✮ ❘❡s✉❧t❛t ♣räs❡♥t✐❡r❡♥ s♣❡✐❝❤❡r♥❄ ❊①❝❡❧✲❇❧❛tt s♣❡✐❝❤❡r♥ ❊♥❞❡ ❥❛ ♥❡✐♥ ❥❛ ♥❡✐♥

❡①❝❡❧ ❛❝❝❡ss

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SLIDE 38

A Model for Mineral Materials Appendix

Materials in the Buildings Age of the Buildings Stock of Buildings Timeseries Rate of Exchange Material Stocks Infrastructure Flow Chart (Calculation) Annual Difference of Stocks Buildings (City vs. Canton) Input vs.Output

Annual Difference of Stocks

  • ❡❜ä✉❞❡❜❡st❛♥❞ ❊♥❞❡ ✷✵✵✹

◆✰◆✬✱ ❊✰❊✬✱ ❙ ❆✱ ◆✬✱ ❊✬✱ ❙

❇❡st❛♥❞❡s✈❡rä♥❞❡r✉♥❣ ✇ä❤r❡♥❞ ❞❡♠ ❏❛❤r ✷✵✵✺

◆ ❊ ❆ ❙ ✉ ✉ ˜ ◆✱ ˜ ❊✱ ❙ ❆✱ ◆✬✱ ❊✬✱ ❙

  • ❡❜ä✉❞❡❜❡st❛♥❞ ❊♥❞❡ ✷✵✵✺

◆✰◆✬✱ ❊✰❊✬✱ ❙ ❆✱ ◆✬✱ ❊✬✱ ❙

▲❡❣❡♥❞❡ ◆ ❂ ■♥♣✉t ❢ür ◆❡✉❜❛✉ ❊✬ ❂ ❇❛✉❛❜❢❛❧❧ ❛✉s ❊rs❛t③♥❡✉❜❛✉ ◆ ❂ ◆❡✉❜❛✉ ❆ ❂ ❆❜❜r✉❝❤ ◆✬ ❂ ❇❛✉❛❜❢❛❧❧ ◆❡✉❜❛✉ ❙ ❂ ❙❛♥✐❡r✉♥❣ ❊ ❂ ■♥♣✉t ❢ür ❊rs❛t③♥❡✉❜❛✉ ✉ ❂ ✉♥✈❡rä♥❞❡rt ❊ ❂ ❊rs❛t③♥❡✉❜❛✉

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SLIDE 39

A Model for Mineral Materials Appendix

Materials in the Buildings Age of the Buildings Stock of Buildings Timeseries Rate of Exchange Material Stocks Infrastructure Flow Chart (Calculation) Annual Difference of Stocks Buildings (City vs. Canton) Input vs.Output

Buildings in the City and the Canton

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 Jahr Veränderung bezüglich dem Jahr 2000 Stadt Zürich, Gebäudevolumen Stadt Zürich, Anzahl Gebäude Kanton Zürich, Gebäudevolumen Kanton Zürich, Anzahl Gebäude

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SLIDE 40

A Model for Mineral Materials Appendix

Materials in the Buildings Age of the Buildings Stock of Buildings Timeseries Rate of Exchange Material Stocks Infrastructure Flow Chart (Calculation) Annual Difference of Stocks Buildings (City vs. Canton) Input vs.Output

Input vs. Output

200 400 600 800 1000 Betonabbruch Beton Mischabbruch Mauerwerk Strassenaufbruch Kies, Sand Ausbauasphalt Belag

  • Mio. Tonnen

Output Input