A KARDIÁLIS TROPONIN ÉS D-DIMER JELENTŐSÉGE A SÜRGŐSSÉGI ELLÁTÁSBAN
- Dr. Juhász Imre
A KARDILIS TROPONIN S D-DIMER JELENTSGE A SRGSSGI ELLTSBAN Dr. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
A KARDILIS TROPONIN S D-DIMER JELENTSGE A SRGSSGI ELLTSBAN Dr. Juhsz Imre DEKK Srg ssgi Klinika AKUT AKUT AKUT AKUT KORONRIA KORONRIA KORONRIA SZINDRMA KORONRIA SZINDRMA SZINDRMA SZINDRMA
Anderson JL, Morrow DA. Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:2053. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. Reichlin T, Twerenbold R, Reiter M, et al. Introduction of high-sensitivity troponin assays: impact on myocardial infarction incidence and prognosis. Am J Med 2012; 125:1205. Braunwald E, Morrow DA. Unstable angina: is it time for a requiem? Circulation 2013; 127:2452.
Anderson JL, Morrow DA. Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:2053. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. Reichlin T, Twerenbold R, Reiter M, et al. Introduction of high-sensitivity troponin assays: impact on myocardial infarction incidence and prognosis. Am J Med 2012; 125:1205. Braunwald E, Morrow DA. Unstable angina: is it time for a requiem? Circulation 2013; 127:2452.
and Stroke Statistics update of the American Heart Association, 20 év feletti korosztály, férfi dominancia 55%)
Rosamond W, Flegal K, Furie K, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2008; 117:e25. Nichols M, Townsend N, Scarborough P, Rayner M. Cardiovascular disease in Europe 2014: epidemiological update. Eur Heart J 2014; 35:2950. Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137:e67. Lloyd-Jones DM, Larson MG, Beiser A, Levy D. Lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease. Lancet 1999; 353:89. Loreen Kloss a,b , Julia Dawn Meyer a,b , Lutz Graeve a , Walter Vetter b: Sodium intake and its reduction by food reformulation in the European Union — A review, NFS Journal 1 (2015) 9–19
(40 év feletti populáció)
(nőknél ritkább, de a nemek közötti különbség a kor előrehaladtával rohamosan csökken)
Gordon T, Kannel WB, Hjortland MC, McNamara PM. Menopause and coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1978; 89:157. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, et al. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006; 367:1747. Furman MI, Dauerman HL, Goldberg RJ, et al. Twenty-two year (1975 to 1997) trends in the incidence, in-hospital and long-term case fatality rates from initial Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: a multi-hospital, community-wide perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37:1571. Robert W. Yeh, M.D., et al: Population Trends in the Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction, N Engl J Med 2010; 362:2155-2165
változott/nőtt
Gordon T, Kannel WB, Hjortland MC, McNamara PM. Menopause and coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1978; 89:157. Ergin A, Muntner P, Sherwin R, He J. Secular trends in cardiovascular disease mortality, incidence, and case fatality rates in adults in the United States. Am J Med 2004; 117:219. Arciero TJ, Jacobsen SJ, Reeder GS, et al. Temporal trends in the incidence of coronary disease. Am J Med 2004; 117:228. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, et al. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006; 367:1747. Furman MI, Dauerman HL, Goldberg RJ, et al. Twenty-two year (1975 to 1997) trends in the incidence, in-hospital and long-term case fatality rates from initial Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: a multi-hospital, community-wide perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37:1571. Rogers WJ, Frederick PD, Stoehr E, et al. Trends in presenting characteristics and hospital mortality among patients with ST elevation and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction from 1990 to 2006. Am Heart J 2008; 156:1026.
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. Go AS, Barron HV, Rundle AC, et al. Bundle-branch block and in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Investigators. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129:690. Shlipak MG, Go AS, Frederick PD, et al. Treatment and outcomes of left bundle-branch block patients with myocardial infarction who present without chest pain. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36:706.
nem ajánlott
totál CK
CK-MB
korai reinfarktus diagnózisa
Saenger AK, Jaffe AS. Requiem for a heavyweight: the demise of creatine kinase-MB. Circulation 2008; 118:2200. Fontanet HL, Trask RV, Haas RC, et al. Regulation of expression of M, B, and mitochondrial creatine kinase mRNAs in the left ventricle after pressure overload in rats. Circ Res 1991; 68:1007. Wolf PL. Abnormalities in serum enzymes in skeletal muscle diseases. Am J Clin Pathol 1991; 95:293. Adams JE 3rd, Abendschein DR, Jaffe AS. Biochemical markers of myocardial injury. Is MB creatine kinase the choice for the 1990s? Circulation 1993; 88:750. Licka M, Zimmermann R, Zehelein J, et al. Troponin T concentrations 72 hours after myocardial infarction as a serological estimate of infarct size. Heart 2002; 87:520. Panteghini M, Cuccia C, Bonetti G, et al. Single-point cardiac troponin T at coronary care unit discharge after myocardial infarction correlates with infarct size and ejection fraction. Clin Chem 2002; 48:1432.
Kagen LJ. Myoglobin: Biochemical, Physiological and Clinical Aspects, Columbia University Press, New York 1973. Klocke FJ, Copley DP, Krawczyk JA, Reichlin M. Rapid renal clearance of immunoreactive canine plasma myoglobin. Circulation 1982; 65:1522. Ilva T, Eriksson S, Lund J, et al. Improved early risk stratification and diagnosis of myocardial infarction, using a novel troponin I assay concept. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35:112. Mueller C, Möckel M, Giannitsis E, et al. Use of copeptin for rapid rule-out of acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2018; 7:570. Marshall T, Williams J, Williams KM. Electrophoresis of serum isoenzymes and proteins following acute myocardial infarction. J Chromatogr 1991; 569:323.
Mioglobin (nem ajánlott)
Copeptin
az agyalapi mirigyből szabadul fel MI során
a szívinfarktus kizárásában egyes betegeknél Heart-type fatty acid binding protein
mennyiségben található a vázizomhoz képest) Laktát dehidrogenáz (nem ajánlott)
az első két mérés során a troponin normál tartományban van, de a klinikai gyanú nagy – 12-24 órán belül ismételhető miokardium károsodás = izolált cTn emelkedés miokardiális ischaemiára utaló eltérések nélkül
Katrukha IA. Human cardiac troponin complex. Structure and functions.Biochemistry (Mosc). 2013 Dec;78(13):1447-65. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force
Jaffe AS. Chasing troponin: how low can you go if you can see the rise? J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:1763. Jaffe AS, Babuin L, Apple FS. Biomarkers in acute cardiac disease: the present and the future. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:1.
Sandoval Y, Herzog CA, Love SA, et al. Prognostic Value of Serial Changes in High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I and T over 3 Months Using Reference Change Values in Hemodialysis Patients. Clin Chem 2016; 62:631.
(DE: cTnT kis mennyiségben vázizomban is megtalálható)
CK-MB többlet információval szolgál
előnyben (pl. PCI/CAGB után) (DE: a troponin mérés hatékonyságáról is állnak rendelkezésre adatok)
Katrukha IA. Human cardiac troponin complex. Structure and functions.Biochemistry (Mosc). 2013 Dec;78(13):1447-65. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. Jaffe AS. Chasing troponin: how low can you go if you can see the rise? J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:1763. Jaffe AS, Babuin L, Apple FS. Biomarkers in acute cardiac disease: the present and the future. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:1.
Jaffe AS, Vasile VC, Milone M, et al. Diseased skeletal muscle: a noncardiac source of increased circulating concentrations of cardiac troponin T. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58:1819.
Saenger AK, Beyrau R, Braun S, et al. Multicenter analytical evaluation of a high-sensitivity troponin T assay. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:748. Wu A, Christenson RH, Greene DN, et al. Clinical Laboratory Practice Recommendations for the Use of Cardiac Troponin in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Expert Opinion from the Academy of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry and the Task Force on Clinical Applications of Cardiac Bio- Markers of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. Clin Chem 2017.. Apple FS, Ler R, Murakami MM. Determination of 19 cardiac troponin I and T assay 99th percentile values from a common presumably healthy population. Clin Chem 2012; 58:1574. Schulz O, Kirpal K, Stein J, et al. Importance of low concentrations of cardiac
Latini R, Masson S, Anand IS, et al. Prognostic value of very low plasma concentrations of troponin T in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Circulation 2007; 116:1242. Eggers KM, Lindahl B. Impact of Sex on Cardiac Troponin Concentrations-A Critical Appraisal. Clin Chem 2017; 63:1457.. Mair J, Lindahl B, Müller C, et al. What to do when you question cardiac troponin values. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2017; :[Epub ahead of print]. Willeman T, Casez O, Faure P, Gauchez AS. Evaluation of biotin interference
kimutatja a keringő troponint
http://www.ifcc.org/executive-board-and-council/eb-task-forces/task- force-on-clinical-applications-of-cardiac-bio-markers-tf-cb
Az ischaemiás idő és a reverzibilis miokardium károsodás kapcsolata (A) nincs potenciális terápás előny (B) potenciális terápiás előny (C) nincs potenciális terápiás előny (a károsodás már nem reverzibilis)
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=CARD%2F75032&topicKey=CARD%2F66&search=early%20treatment%20heart%20attack&source=outline_link&selectedTitle=1~150
KORAI DIAGNÓZIS
betegágy melletti diagnosztika (point-of-care testing, POCT)
rutin laboratóriumi diagnosztika
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=CARD%2F75032&topicKey=CARD%2F66&search=early%20treatment%20heart%20attack&source=outline_link&selectedTitle=1~150
háziorvosi rendelő OMSz egyéb
egyéb
NSTEM I instabil angina egyéb
közterület
POCT
Pines JM et al.: Integrating Point-of-care Testing Into a Community Emergency Department: A Mixed-methods Evaluation. (Acad Emerg
In the study ED, implementation of POCT was associated with a reduction in time to test result for both troponin and
accuracy. Singer AJ et al.: Early Point-of-Care Testing at Triage Reduces Care Time in Stable Adult Emergency Department Patients. (J Emerg
Among stable adult patients presenting to the ED with one of the prespecified conditions, early POCT at triage, compared with traditional core laboratory testing after evaluation by an ED provider, reduced ED care time by approximately 1 h. Wilke P et al.: Diagnostic performance of point-of-care and central laboratory cardiac troponin assays in an emergency department. (PLoS One. 2017) The three cTn assays demonstrated equivalent diagnostic performance in ED-patients admitted with suspected ACS in relation to the release diagnosis, supporting the use of POC testing in this setting. The present results implicate that application of eGFR-specific OCOs may decrease false-positives among patients with impaired renal function. Providing individual cut-offs depending on patients' eGFR might be an appropriate add-on tool to improve specificity in the diagnosis of MI. Venturini JM et al.: Prehospital point-of-care testing for troponin: are the results reliable? (Prehosp Emerg Care. 2013) When used in a moving ambulance, the POC device provided results
cardiac troponin I assays that were highly correlated to the results when the device was used in the ED Sørensen JT et al.: Prehospital troponin T testing in the diagnosis and triage of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. (Am J Cardiol. 2011) prehospital TnT testing is feasible with a high success rate.
POCT
Lane DA, Philippou H, Huntington JA. Directing thrombin. Blood 2005; 106:2605. Furie B, Furie BC. Mechanisms of thrombus formation. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:938. Watson SP. Collagen receptor signaling in platelets and megakaryocytes. Thromb Haemost 1999; 82:36. Coughlin SR. Protease-activated receptors in hemostasis, thrombosis and vascular biology. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:1800.
alacsony specificitás korrigált D-dimer értékek korral a szintje nő kor (50 év felett) * 10 = korrigált érték
D-dimer emelkedés okai
Weitz JI, Fredenburgh JC, Eikelboom JW. A Test in Context: D-Dimer. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:2411. Perry DJ, Fitzmaurice DA, Kitchen S, et al. Point-of-care testing in haemostasis. Br J Haematol 2010; 150:501.
Wells score 3 kategória szcintigráfiás eredmények értékelése módosított Wells score
Le Gal G, Righini M, Roy PM, et al. Prediction of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: the revised Geneva score. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144:165. Schouten HJ, Geersing GJ, Oudega R, et al. Accuracy of the Wells clinical prediction rule for pulmonary embolism in older ambulatory adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:2136. Hendriksen JM, Geersing GJ, Lucassen WA, et al. Diagnostic prediction models for suspected pulmonary embolism: systematic review and independent external validation in primary care. BMJ 2015; 351:h4438. Hendriksen JM, Lucassen WA, Erkens PM, et al. Ruling Out Pulmonary Embolism in Primary Care: Comparison of the Diagnostic Performance of "Gestalt" and the Wells Rule. Ann Fam Med 2016; 14:227. Singh B, Mommer SK, Erwin PJ, et al. Pulmonary embolism rule-out criteria (PERC) in pulmonary embolism--revisited: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg Med J 2013; 30:701.
Wells score
alacsony kockázat (Wells score < 2) PERC minden kritérium fennáll nem áll fenn minden kritérium további vizsgálatok nem szükségesek D-dimer közepes kockázat (Wells score 2-6) D-dimer D-dimer < 500 ng/ml D-dimer > 500 ng/ml további vizsgálatok nem szükségesek
képalkotók megfontolandók amennyiben
képalkotók nagy kockázat (Wells score > 6) képalkotók
pozitív mellkas CT negatív mellkas CT igazolt tüdőembólia további vizsgálatok nem szükségesek
kivéve, ha
WELLS SCORE
hemodinamikailag stabil beteg (rövid reszuszcitáció után) alacsony kockázat közepes kockázat nagy kockázat a diagnózis és empirikus antikoagulálás elvei megegyeznek a hemodinamikailg stabil betegeknél leírtakkal
(azonnali hozzáférhetőség függvényében)
hemodinamikailag instabil beteg (reszuszcitáció ellenére) gyanút megerősítő (nem diagnosztikus) vizsgálatok
szívben → terápia elkezdése
Stein PD, Terrin ML, Hales CA, et al. Clinical, laboratory, roentgenographic, and electrocardiographic findings in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and no pre-existing cardiac or pulmonary disease. Chest 1991; 100:598. Stein PD, Saltzman HA, Weg JG. Clinical characteristics of patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68:1723. Stein PD, Beemath A, Matta F, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with acute pulmonary embolism: data from PIOPED II. Am J Med 2007; 120:871.