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A Forensic Engineering View: Construction, Codes and Standards Tom - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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A Forensic Engineering View: Construction, Codes and Standards Tom Pepper, C.F.E.I., P.Eng. Robert Sparling, B.Eng.Mgt., P.Eng. March 22 th , 2019 CAMIC Toronto, ON The Evolution of Codes and Standards Thatched roofs were banned in London

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A Forensic Engineering View: Construction, Codes and Standards

Tom Pepper, C.F.E.I., P.Eng. Robert Sparling, B.Eng.Mgt., P.Eng.

March 22th, 2019 CAMIC Toronto, ON

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The Evolution of Codes and Standards

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  • Thatched roofs were banned in London UK in 1200s
  • Wood Chimneys were banned in parts of the UK

going back to the late 1300s

  • Great fire of London in 1666 burned 80% of the city
  • Resulted in the London Building Code Act of 1667
  • National Electrical Code of 1897
  • Evolved from the invention of Electricity
  • National Fire Protection Association 1897
  • Standardize the installation of Sprinkler systems
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The Evolution of Building Codes

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  • Great Fire of Toronto April 19, 1904,

destroys downtown

  • Over 100 buildings destroyed
  • 5000 people out of work
  • Over $10 M damage

By-law 4408 “Regulating the Erection and to Provide for the Safety

  • f Buildings,” July 6, 1904.
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Canadian Codes

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National Building Code of Canada

  • Developed by the Canadian Commission on Building and Fire

Codes

  • Published by the National Research Council of Canada
  • Intended to provide standardization across Canada
  • The first National Building Code of Canada (NBC) was

published in 1941

  • Subsequent editions were published in 1953, 1960, 1965,

1970, 1975, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2005, 2010, 2015

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Ontario Building Code (OBC)

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OBC— Date of Application

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Building Design

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  • Smaller buildings (OBC Part 9,<600 m²)

can be designed by a licensed designer

  • Larger (OBC Parts 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 > 600 m²
  • r 6460 ft²) and high hazard buildings

must be designed by architects and engineers

  • Inspections are conducted by the

architects, engineers and authority having jurisdiction

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Renovations to Existing Buildings

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  • Basic Renovations: The work area is limited in size within a room or suite, the performance

level of the building not adversely affected and access to exits, corridor fire separations and

  • ther life safety systems are intact
  • Extensive Renovations: Where interior walls, ceiling, roof or floor assemblies are replaced, the

structural and fire resistance elements must be upgraded

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National Fire Code of Canada (NFC)

  • Canadian Fire Codes specify the minimum provisions

regarding the fire safety of within and around existing buildings and facilities

  • First National Fire Code of Canada published in 1963
  • Subsequent editions were published in 1975, 1977,

1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2005, 2010 and 2015

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Ontario Fire Code (OFC)

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  • The first Ontario Fire Code was published in 1980
  • Subsequent editions were published in 1981, 1987,

1992, 1997, 2007 and 2015

  • Canadian Fire Codes specify the minimum provisions

regarding the fire safety of within and around existing buildings and facilities

  • Operation, Testing and Maintenance of the

Building’s fire related features

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OFC Retrofit Requirements

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  • O. Reg. 251/83
  • Retrofit legislation under Part 9 of the OFC
  • Upgrades to existing buildings to improve life

safety

  • Building permits often required for this work
  • Compliance of existing buildings with newer

versions of fire codes is retroactively required

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National Farm Building Code of Canada (NFBCC)

  • Regulated under the Building Code
  • Last updated in 1995
  • Covers structural sufficiency, fire safety and health

requirements for the protection of persons in farm buildings

  • Low human occupancy,
  • Located on a farming land,
  • Used for producing crops or raising livestock, and the

preparation and marketing of the resulting products,

  • If conditions not satisfied; design as regular buildings.
  • Farm Building Importance Factor = 0.8
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Farm Buildings

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  • Farming industry has moved from small

scale operations to large scale “industrial- like”, sophisticated operations

  • Use of larger and more complex buildings
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Farm Buildings

  • Complex automation processes
  • Increase fire hazards
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Complex Structures - Silos

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Complex Structures - Silos

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Complex Structures - Silos

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  • P. Robalino, “Silo failures caused by unrealistic design considerations”, LinkedIn, January 2018.

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/silo-failures-caused-unrealistic-design-pablo-robalino?trk=portfolio_article-card_title

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Complex Structures - Silos

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  • P. Robalino, “Silo failures caused by unrealistic design considerations”, LinkedIn, January 2018.

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/silo-failures-caused-unrealistic-design-pablo-robalino?trk=portfolio_article-card_title

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Snow Load Effects on a Farm Building

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20 Engineered roof trusses bowing and deflecting under snow load Steel building roof collapsed under snow load

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Advanced Analysis

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  • Connections
  • Areas of stress

concentration

  • Nonlinear/plastic

behaviour

  • Complex structures
  • Complex loading

conditions

  • Complex geometry
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Fai ailure lure Analysis alysis

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Assessment of Buildings

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Wood Construction

  • Cost effective
  • Renewable resource
  • Reduced carbon footprint and appeals to climate change mitigation
  • Design flexibility
  • Thermal performance
  • Shrinkage
  • Combustible
  • Mold & rot
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Farm - Mechanical

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Greenhouses – Mechanical

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Greenhouse - Boilers

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Greenhouses - Boilers - Steam

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Greenhouses - Boilers

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Greenhouses – Hot Water Tanks

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Greenhouses - Mechanical

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Greenhouses – Reverse Osmosis

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Greenhouses – Water Storage Tanks

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Greenhouses – CO2

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Greenhouses - Plumbing

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Greenhouses - Plumbing

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Mechanical – Compressors- Refrigeration

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Processing –Tank Collapse

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Tanks – Fuel Oil/Diesel

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Windows

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The Unusual

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Unusual

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The Unusual

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More Unusual

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Questions & Discussion

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