9/4/2010 Space Exploration Supported by National Aeronautics and - - PDF document

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9/4/2010 Space Exploration Supported by National Aeronautics and - - PDF document

9/4/2010 Space Exploration Supported by National Aeronautics and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Administration U.S. Government Jet Propulsion Laboratory Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology


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SLIDE 1

9/4/2010 1

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

The View from JPL

for

Aerospace & Defense Forum

August 20, 2010

  • Lt. Gen. Eugene Tattini (USAF, Ret.), Deputy Director

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Space Exploration Supported by U.S. Government

$18.7 billion in FY10 Science Human exploration Aeronautics 35% 60% 5%

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Highlights of NASA FY11 President’s Budget

  • Terminates Restructures the Constellation program
  • Recommends commercial crew/cargo to LEO
  • Adds $6.0 billion to NASA budget over next 5 years
  • Increases Earth science program
  • Increases science and technology

Strategy to Enable Future Human Missions Beyond LEO

Destinations of Interest

Title_Design Editor

Enabling Human Exploration Precursor Knowledge Needed Capabilities

New Exploration Research & Development Activities

  • Exploration Technology and Demonstrations

– $7.8 billion over five years – Develop and demonstrate technologies to reduce costs and expand capabilities for future exploration

  • Heavy-Lift and Propulsion Technology

– $3.1 billion over five years

Title_Design Editor

$3.1 billion over five years – Research and development of new cost-effective propulsion systems, engines, LV materials, etc.

  • Exploration Precursor Robotic Missions

– $3.0 billion over five years – Scout exploration targets, identify hazards and resources for human visitation and habitation

5

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

JPL History Mosaic

1936 1940s Today 1958 1950s

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SLIDE 2

9/4/2010 2

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Nineteen spacecraft, nine instruments across the solar system (and beyond)

Mars Odyssey

GALEX Kepler Mars Odyssey Cassini CloudSat

GRACE Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Jason 1 and Jason 2

Spitzer Two Voyagers ACRIMSAT Dawn Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Opportunity Spirit Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Plus Instruments:

  • ASTER
  • MISR
  • TES
  • MLS
  • AIRS
  • MIRO
  • Herschel
  • Planck
  • Diviner

EPOXI - Deep Impact NExT - Stardust GRACE Jason 1 and Jason 2

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Key characteristics of JPL deep space missions

  • One-of-a-kind
  • Long Life
  • Complex Missions and Payloads
  • Extreme Environments (e.g. Mars surface, space and planetary

radiation)

  • Time-critical Mission Activities
  • Long Communication Distances
  • Cost and Schedule Constrained

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Fifty years of exploration

Astrophysics Giant Planets Terrestrial planets Small bodies Earth’s moon Planetary satellites Earth Interstellar space

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

JPL’s mission for NASA is robotic space exploration

  • Mars
  • Solar system
  • Exoplanets
  • Astrophysics
  • Earth Science
  • Interplanetary network

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

JPL’s business has seven product lines Mars

33%

Inter-Planetary Network Non-NASA

10%

Human Exploration

4%

Other

2%

2009 Actual

Planetary

14%

Astrophysics

15%

Earth Science

10%

Network

12%

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

SMAP (2015) GRAIL (2011) Jason (2011) MSL (2011) NuSTAR (2011) Aquarius (2010) ST7 (2011) Dawn (2007) EPOXI (2007) NExT (2007) Spitzer (2003) Kepler (2009) WISE (2009) GRACE (2002) CloudSat (2006) Jason 2 (2008)

Planetary/Mars Astrophysics Ea Planetary/Mars Astrophysics Earth Planetary/Mars Astrophysics Earth Planetary/Mars Astrophysics Earth

Some Pre-Phase A Studies Formulation (2) Implementation (7) Operations (19)

Mars 2016 Mars 2018 EJSM SIM-Lite Solar Probe Plus Exoplanet Probe DESDynI Venture OCO II Moonrise (2016) SAGE (2016)

Filling the pipeline takes a lot of planning

Spirit & Opportunity (2003) Voyager 1&2 (1977) Cassini (1997) MRO (2005) GALEX (2003) ( ) AcrimSat (1999) QuickScat (1999) Jason 1 (2001) Discovery Titan Saturn System Mission Mars Sample Return Astro- Physics Advanced Studies TPF - I TPF - C Earth Science Advanced Studies

Today’s world

Many long- lived missions Many concepts percolating Few in development

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

The science community and NASA determine what JPL gets to do

President’s Space Policy

National Research

Request for Priority

NAC

Civil Space Other National Space Decadal Plan and Priorities

Council (NRC)

Implementing Centers

Mission Assignments Competitive Opportunities

Strategic Roadmap(s)

Science Community

Planetary (2009/10) Astrophysics (2009/10) Earth Science (2007)

Request for Input

Our input goes here Our input goes here

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Obtaining new business is increasingly competitive Competed Assigned

500 – 600 proposals per year!

2009 Actual

44% 56%

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Align & Integrate

Associate Dir. – Project Implementation Associate Dir. – Project Formulation & Strategy Associate Dir. – Business Management

Organized to win… …and implement

Engineering & Science workforce Solar System Explor. Mars Exploration Earth Science Astrophysics

  • Interpl. Network

Exploration Systems National Programs

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Four management committees set the agenda

Science & Technology

  • R&T Development
  • Strategic Hiring

Strategy

  • Strategic & Advanced

Mission Concepts

  • Bid & Proposal

Strategic Hiring

Project & Engineering

  • Tools
  • Facilities
  • Testbeds
  • Bid & Proposal

Institutional

  • Information Technology
  • Employee Develop’t
  • Outreach

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Every mission starts with a spark

Science

A mission An invention A question

Mission Architecture Technology Engineering

A mission concept An invention

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Then we develop the concept

Trades Comments Launch vehicle Atlas V Delta IV-Heavy Ares V Ares V considered acceptable only for sample return concepts launched post 2020. Cruise propulsion SEP + GAs Chemical + GAs Propulsive only Good performance from Chemical+Gravity Assists (GAs). SEP+GAs warrants further consideration, but new optimized trajectory search is needed. Capture into Saturn system Titan aerocapture Propulsive capture Aerogravity assist saves mass and also saves at Alternatives and Selections (aerogravity assist) least several months in pumpdown . Pump-down mission design Enceladus/Titan GAs only Multiple moon GAs
  • nly
Multiple moon propulsively- leveraged GAs REP+GAs Other options found to be too high delta-V or flight time. RPS type MMRTG ARPS (advanced Stirling) ARPS specific power higher, efficiency much higher (less Pu needed). Guidelines allowed ARPS as acceptable and available option for flagship studies. Orbiter implementation Enceladus Orbiter Low-Energy Enceladus Multiple- Flyby (Saturn Orbiter) High-Energy Enceladus Multiple- Flyby (Saturn Orbiter) Lander/Probe implementation Fly-Through Probes and Impactors Rough Landers Soft Landers Orbi-Landers Priority placed on having in-situ measurements from surface. Number of landers None One Three (regional distribution) Five (larger-scale distribution and/or redundancy) Lander lifetime/duration Short-lived (~2 weeks on primary battery or fuel cell) Long-lived (~1 year
  • n RPS)
Lander mobility type Stationary Locally mobile (~10 km) Regionally mobile (~100 km) Globally mobile Considered propulsive "hopper" type concepts for soft landers. Legend: Acceptable and evaluated in this study Acceptable but not evaluated in this study Unacceptable
  • 1,000
2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Option F Option G Option H Option I $FY06M TMC Mass Comparison Summary - Launch Mass and Sub-Elements 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 A B C D E F G H I M ass (kg) Lander(s) Orbiter Aerocapture System Cruise/Prop Stage Delta IV-Heavy C3=16 km^2/s^2 Atlas 551 C3=16 km^2/s^2 Relative Goal Science Value A Enceladus orbiter with multiple short lived landers B Enceladus orbiter with multiple long-lived landers C Enceladus orbiter alone D Enceladus orbiter becoming a long-lived lander E Enceladus orbiter with single long-lived lander F Low energy Saturn orbiter (flybys) alone G High energy Saturn orbiter (flybys) alone H Low energy Saturn orbiter (flybys) with a single long-lived lander I Low energy Saturn orbiter (flybys) with multiple short-lived landers Cassini Science Goals, Enceladus Mission Science Assessment - 0-10, 10 best
  • 1. What is the heat source, what drives the plume
10 6 7 4 5 5 2 1 3 6 1
  • 2. What is the plume production rate, and does it vary
8 8 9 8 9 9 7 3 8 7 3
  • 3. What are the effects of the plume on the structure and
composition of Enceladus? 5 8 9 6 7 7 4 3 5 8 2
  • 4. What are the interaction effects of the plume on the
Saturnian system 3 7 7 7 6 6 8 7 8 7 7
  • 5. Does the composition and/or existence of the plume give
us clues to the origin and evolution of the solar system 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 5 7 7 3
  • 6. Does the plume source environment provide the
conditions necessary (or sufficient) to sustain biotic or pre- biotic chemistry 5 8 8 6 7 8 6 5 7 8 3
  • 7. Are other similar bodies (Dione, Tethys, Rhea) also
active, and if not, why not? 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 8 5 Value by Architecture, summed 52 55 45 49 50 42 31 46 51 24 Value by Architecture, weighted, summed, normalized 0.46 0.493 0.393 0.439 0.446 0.353 0.246 0.393 0.449 0.187
  • r

One man’s doodle is another’s concept…

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9/4/2010 4

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Multiple ways to see a changing Earth with robotic remote sensing

Gravity Recovery and QuikSCAT provides Atmospheric Infrared Jason provides global sea y y Climate Experiment (GRACE) provides monthly maps of Earth’s gravity QuikSCAT provides near global (90%) ocean surface wind maps every 24 hours Multi-angle Imaging Spectro Radiometer (MISR) provides monthly global aerosol maps Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) provides daily maps

  • f stratospheric chemistry

Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) provides monthly global maps of Ozone p Sounder (AIRS) provides monthly global temperature maps CloudSat provides monthly maps of cloud ice water content p g surface height maps every 10 days

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Now: A continuous robotic presence

  • n and in orbit around Mars

2001 Mars Odyssey Spirit

“Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail” --- Ralph Waldo Emerson

(Opportunity’s tracks in Meridiani Planum)

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Opportunity Mars Express (ESA) Coming in 2012 Curiosity

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

MER and MSL Entry-Decent-Landing

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Spirit in 6th year in Mars’ Gusev crater; Opportunity traversing Meridiani Planum on Mars Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter saw Phoenix descending toward Mars’ north pole in 2008.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Phoenix studied soil near Mars’ north pole Cassini/Huygens studies Saturn, Enceladus’ geysers, and Titan’s lakes

Earth

Earth seen from a cosmic perspective of 1,000,000,000 miles distance

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

PIA 08150

Earth

Kepler Discovers “Super Earth” candidate

1.6 x Earth size

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

End-to-end capabilities needed to implement missions

Project Formulation - Team X Mission Design Mars Rovers Mars Rovers Large Structures Large Structures -

  • SRTM

SRTM Spacecraft Development Real Time Operations Integration and Test Environmental Test SRTM SRTM Ion Engines Ion Engines Scientific Research