6RODU (PLVVLRQ 95% of the Suns energy reaches us as sunshine, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
6rodu plvvlrq
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

6RODU (PLVVLRQ 95% of the Suns energy reaches us as sunshine, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 10, 2023 164 likes •444 views

6RODU (PLVVLRQ 95% of the Suns energy reaches us as sunshine, that is, light and heat Photosynthesis (how plants grow), sunburn, weather are all attributed to this energy The last 5% of the energy determines space

slide-1
SLIDE 1

4/10/00 1

6RODU (PLVVLRQ

  • 95% of the Sun’s energy

reaches us as “sunshine,” that is, light and heat

  • Photosynthesis (how plants

grow), sunburn, weather are all attributed to this energy

  • The last 5% of the energy

determines space weather

slide-2
SLIDE 2

4/10/00 2

7KH 6XQ

  • At 5 billion

years old, our sun is an energy machine

  • The sun's energy

released in 1 sec, could power the U.S. for 9 million years

slide-3
SLIDE 3

4/10/00 3

3DUWV RI WKH 6XQ

The sun is a gas ball with various temperatures and densities

  • Core: millions of

degrees

  • Surface:

thousands of degrees

  • Corona: millions
  • f degrees
slide-4
SLIDE 4

4/10/00 4

7KH 6XUIDFH :H 6HH

Photosphere

  • “Surface”
  • f the sun
  • You

couldn’t stand on surface

  • Constantly

bubbling

  • 6000 K
slide-5
SLIDE 5

4/10/00 5

)DLQW 8SSHU $WPRVSKHUH

Corona

  • Visible

during an eclipse

  • This outer

layer extends millions of miles

  • Earth is

immersed in this

slide-6
SLIDE 6

4/10/00 6

%HWZHHQ 6XQ DQG (DUWK

  • Called solar-

terrestrial environment

  • Solar wind,

blows 1 million miles/hr,

  • Shapes

Earth’s magneto- sphere

slide-7
SLIDE 7

4/10/00 7

(DUWK¶V 0DJQHWLF )LHOG

  • Earth's magnetic

field, without solar wind distortion

  • Magnetic field

lines channel charged particles

slide-8
SLIDE 8

4/10/00 8

6XQ DQG (DUWK DUH $OLNH

Each have:

  • Equator
  • Magnetic field,

N and S poles

  • Rotation

(“day”)

  • Seasons
  • Atmospheric

Weather

Summer Winter Active Quiet

slide-9
SLIDE 9

4/10/00 9

6RODU $FWLYLW\

  • Active and Quiet Sun look quite different
  • One Solar Cycle is 11 years long.

Active Quiet

slide-10
SLIDE 10

4/10/00 10

6XQVSRWV$

  • Cooler regions

4400 Kelvin

  • Appear in

moments or hours, last hours, days, or weeks

  • Disturbed

magnetic field, is one cause for solar flares

slide-11
SLIDE 11

4/10/00 11

6XQVSRWV 7UDYHO

  • Sunspots move across the surface of the sun as the

sun rotates

  • They change as they age and may produce repeated

flares

slide-12
SLIDE 12

4/10/00 12

6RODU )ODUH

  • This sunspot, 2 Earths wide, produced a bright flare
slide-13
SLIDE 13

4/10/00 13

3URPLQHQFH

  • Magnetic fields give structure to ejecta
  • When very disturbed, breaks and plasma goes shooting out

into space.

slide-14
SLIDE 14

4/10/00 14

2SWLFDO 7HOHVFRSHV

  • Light is

projected onto a sheet so the eye doesn't look directly through the telescope at the sun.

  • Telescope like
  • ne Galileo

might have used

  • In white light one can easily see

sunspots

slide-15
SLIDE 15

4/10/00 15

2WKHU 7HOHVFRSHV

  • Radio telescopes and

satellite imager tell us

  • ther information about

the Sun

slide-16
SLIDE 16

4/10/00 16

(IIHFWV= $XURUD

  • The aurora is

directly due to the energy coming from the sun

  • Aurora from space with the

shuttle in foreground

slide-17
SLIDE 17

4/10/00 17

(IIHFWV= 1DYLJDWLRQ

  • Ships at sea require

good navigation signals

  • Navigation errors can

lead to wasted fuel, groundings, and spilled cargo

slide-18
SLIDE 18

4/10/00 18

(IIHFWV= 5DGLR

  • Signals can get

lost or absorbed, bounce and miss the receivers

  • Communication
  • ver the poles at

certain frequencies can be completely blacked out

slide-19
SLIDE 19

4/10/00 19

(IIHFWV= (OHFWULF 3RZHU

  • Huge transformers can be

damaged by geomagnetic storms

  • Blackouts can be

widespread

slide-20
SLIDE 20

4/10/00 20

(IIHFWV= 3LSHOLQHV

  • Pipelines can corrode with geomagnetic storms
  • Without mitigation, corrosion can cause severe leaks and

damage the environment

Alaska Pipeline

slide-21
SLIDE 21

4/10/00 21

(IIHFWV= 6DWHOOLWHV

  • Satellites can be damaged,

lost, returned to Earth early

  • Satellites sit in the space

environment and alert us

slide-22
SLIDE 22

4/10/00 22

(IIHFWV= 5DGLDWLRQ

  • Astronauts in space

(EVA, Extra Vehicular Activity)

  • All Space Shuttle

missions

  • SST (the Concorde)

flying at high altitude, at high latitude

slide-23
SLIDE 23

4/10/00 23

:RUN LQ 6SDFH

  • Dangers of space travel

are many

  • Astronauts working on

the Moon

slide-24
SLIDE 24

4/10/00 24

(IIHFWV= &OLPDWH

  • Is the Sun's variability tied to Earth's climate?
  • Controversial correlation with droughts, ice ages, large-scale

weather patterns on Earth

slide-25
SLIDE 25

4/10/00 25

6XPPDU\ RI (IIHFWV

Space Weather effects on:

  • Satellites

* What technology is dependent on satellties?

  • Navigation

* What are the risks of lost navigation signals?

  • Manned Space Flights

* As an astronaut, would you care about this?

  • Communication

* How are communications disrupted?

  • Electric Power

* How would you know about this disruption?

slide-26
SLIDE 26

4/10/00 26

12$$ 6SDFH :HDWKHU 6FDOHV

  • Easy way to

communicate conditions and forecasts

  • Like the hurricane
  • r earthquake

scales

  • Will be hearing

these, seeing them in the news

Category Effects

Geomagnetic Storms G1-G5 Satellites, Power Grids, other Solar Radiation Storms S1-S5 Biological, Satellites, other Radio Blackouts R1-R5 Navigation, Radio

slide-27
SLIDE 27

4/10/00 27

12$$ 6FLHQFH (G 3RVWHU

  • Poster shows effects on

different systems

  • Also

Facts about space weather Questions to answer Websites What would you like to study about Space Weather?