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FINALS OF THE 3 rd AFRICA-WIDE WOMEN AND YOUNG PROFESSIONALS IN SCIENCE COMPETITIONS 15-16 July 2013 6 th Africa Agriculture Science Week and FARA General Assembly Accra, Ghana

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FINALS OF THE 3rd AFRICA-WIDE WOMEN AND YOUNG PROFESSIONALS IN SCIENCE COMPETITIONS 15-16 July 2013

6th Africa Agriculture Science Week and FARA General Assembly Accra, Ghana

SLIDE 2

S.M. Kabiri, C. Ebong, P. Kudsk, S.K. Mathiassen, P. Lusembo,
G. S. Byenkya, H. Kasigwa and R. Kabanyoro

SLIDE 3

Importance of rangelands in Uganda

Used for grazing wild and domestic

herbivores, providing the cheapest source of nutrients

Supports 90% of the national cattle

population.

85% of total milk and beef is

produced from indigenous cattle fed on natural rangeland pasture.

Pastoralism contributes 8% of

Uganda’s GDP The cattle corridor

84,000 Km2 of Uganda’s 236,000 Km2

SLIDE 4

Cymbopogon afronardus

C. afronardus is an invasive noxious weed that is rapidly

invading the rangelands

It is a tall tufted perennial grass that naturally establishes

from seed

It grows fast and builds a thick, course vegetation that

suppresses other plant species.

Its leaves are rough and contain aromatic oils that make

it unpalatable to cattle and wild herbivores

Other Cymbopogon spp. are known to contain

allelopathic properties

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Cattle desperately searching for pasture under Cymbopogon tufts

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Objectives of the Study

Cymbopogon continues to spread rapidly and poses a threat to the rangelands and yet its current magnitude has not yet been established. i. Determine the current invasion in acreage of Cymbopogon in the Ugandan rangelands

ii. Evaluate landscape characteristics it prefers and the

ecological impact it has on threatened vegetation

iii. Identify allelopathic properties of Cymbopogon oil

extracts

SLIDE 7

Study Area

Comprises

An area 4100 Km2 Cattle ranches 535,000 livestock Lake Mburo National Game park Wild grazers; zebras, antelopes, impalas and buffaloes Dense Cymbopogon coverage

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Obj 1: Spatial distribution of Cymbopogon

Landsat Image, 5th June 2009, Source: Global land cover facility

(GLCF), www.landcover.org

Remote sensing data Ground truthing 85-100% Cymbopogon Other vegetation

SLIDE 9

Evaluation of spectral signatures

Cymbopogon Grasslands Reflectance Landsat bands Forests

lowest reflectance

values at the mid infra- red for Cymbopogon

signifies high water

content in foliage

distinguished from
ther vegetation

Landsat spectral bands

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2500 km2 61% of Kiruhura 9300 km2 11% of Uganda rangelands

Spatial distribution maps-83% accuracy

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FAO Africover vegetation map for Mbarara region Kiruhura Cymbopogon cover

verlay

250 m digital terrain model

verlay

Obj.2 Landscape characteristics and Ecological impact

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Landscape characteristics

Cymbopogon had 76 % distribution

n steep slopes

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Cymbopogon preference for open canopy Savannah and steep slopes

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Rangeland 1 g Cymbopogon leaf, 10 ml ethanol (70% v/v). Volatile oil extract 0.6 1.2 2.4 4.8 6% Lolium perenne Cyperus rotundus Petri dishes (5-7 days) 15 days Per 100 ml, H20

Obj. 3 Allelopathic properties of Cymbopogon

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20 40 60 80 100 0.6 1.2 2.4 4.8 6 G %

Germination %

L. perenne
C. rotundus

100 200 300 400 500 0.6 1.2 2.4 4.8 6 Vigour index

Vigour index

L. perenne
C. rotundus

1 2 3 4 5 0.6 1.2 2.4 4.8 6 shoot length (cm) Cymbopogon extact dilution (%v/v)

Shoot length

1 2 3 4 5 0.6 1.2 2.4 4.8 6 root length (cm) Cymbopogon extract dilution (% v/v)

Root length

Allelopathy to L. perenne and C. rotundus

a a a a a a a a b b b b a b b b c c d d c c c d b c d c

Potential for bio-herbicide formulations

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Communication strategy

Objective To raise awareness that Cymbopogon is a dangerous weed Key message Cymbopogon afronardus is rapidly increasing and is threatening ecosystem services provided by the rangelands

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Leaflets

GIS maps

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GIS maps
Leaflets in local

languages Pastoralists Farmers Extension Local government Rangeland Experts Policy makers

Set policy guidelines
Facilitate finance for research

to design control management strategies

Stakeholders targeted

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Impact

Quantified the state of the environment of Uganda’s rangelands in regard to invasiveness of Cymbopogon. Established a basis for monitoring future spread. Will aid in drafting the National invasive species strategy, action plan and policy guidelines. “Risk Analysis Procedures, Early Detection and Rapid Response Systems for quarantine authorities”.

SLIDE 20

Acknowledgments

Deepest gratefulness to CTA,

FARA, IFS, ANAFE, RUFORUM, NPCA, AGRA for organising and sponsoring this Science competition

Heartfelt gratitude to ENDURE,

DANIDA, LSRP, ASPS, GOU, NARO and IDA of the World Bank for funding this research.

Earnest appreciation to presiding