4D Composites Professor Richard S. Trask Dr Anna B. Baker Dr Tom - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶

Aug 15, 2022 191 likes •336 views

4D Composites Professor Richard S. Trask Dr Anna B. Baker Dr Tom M. Llewellyn-Jones Dr Simon Bates R.S.Trask@Bristol.ac.uk Experiment! 4D Materials This is a 3D printed multi-layered hydrophilic-hydrophobic polyurethane architecture with

SLIDE 1

4D Composites

Professor Richard S. Trask Dr Anna B. Baker Dr Tom M. Llewellyn-Jones Dr Simon Bates

R.S.Trask@Bristol.ac.uk

SLIDE 2

4D Composites Professor Richard Trask

Experiment!

4D Materials

This is a 3D printed multi-layered hydrophilic-hydrophobic polyurethane architecture with designed actuation

SLIDE 3

4D Composites Professor Richard Trask

4D Composites

Application of biological principles for future manufacturing?

“growth that causes an

rganism to develop its shape”

“interaction of system‐intrinsic capacities and external environmental forces”

SLIDE 4

4D Composites Professor Richard Trask

4D Composites

Application of biological principles for future manufacturing?

In biologically engineered architectures, ‘morphogenesis’, is described as a process of evolutionary development and growth that causes an organism to develop its shape through the interaction of system‐intrinsic capacities and external environmental forces.

[Espinosa et al, 2009].

SLIDE 5

4D Composites Professor Richard Trask

Interaction mechanism

1. Sequential activation
2. Linear vs non-linear movement
3. Independent folding/ bending/ twisting
4. Coupled movement – folding/ bending/ twisting

Smart dynamic structure Smart static structure Smart material

Printer toolpath programming

1. Optimisation algorithm
2. Origami/ Kirigami principles

3D Printer

1. Printer resolution
2. Multi-materials deposition

Stimulus

1. Biological – protein/ enzyme
2. Chemical – pH/ H2O/ oxidation/ reduction
3. Physical – ultrasound/ light/ temperature

4D Printing

Sequence showing the self‐folding of a 4D‐Printed multi‐material single strand into a coil, zig‐zag, hexagon

AB Baker, DF Wass, RS Trask, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol 254, January 2018, 519‐525

4D‐Printing – Additive Manufacturing of Smart Materials [Trask Group, 2018]

4D Composites

Designed and Programmed for Self-Assembly

SLIDE 6

4D Composites Professor Richard Trask

4D Composites

4D field-effect additive manufacturing

Field effect alignment

The picture can't be displayed. 1mm P W PZT P R λ 2 Micrograph Acoustic field Active sources φx = 0, φy = π/2

In‐plane instantaneous alignment Field effect alignment additive manufacturing

Llewellyn‐Jones TM, Drinkwater BW, Trask RS 2016 3D printed components with ultrasonically arranged microscale structure, Smart Materials and Structures 25 (2), 02LT01

SLIDE 7

4D Composites Professor Richard Trask

4D Composites

4D field-effect additive manufacturing

1mm P W PZT P R λ 2

Field effect alignment additive manufacturing

Llewellyn‐Jones TM, Drinkwater BW, Trask RS 2016 3D printed components with ultrasonically arranged microscale structure, Smart Materials and Structures 25 (2), 02LT01

SLIDE 8

4D Composites Professor Richard Trask

Hydrophilic‐hydrophobic polyurethane responsive hinges
3D printer ‐ Ultimaker Original desktop 3D printer with Flex3 drive extruder. Print speed ~ 20 mm s‐1
Materials – TPU Ninjaflex (elastomer) and Tecophillic TPU (hydrogel)
Modify print pathways to promote new actuation pathways
Upon hydration the trilayer bends out‐of‐plane at the location of the skin gaps.

4D Composites

4D materials for additive manufacturing

SLIDE 9

4D Composites Professor Richard Trask

4D Composites

4D materials for additive manufacturing

SLIDE 10

4D Composites Professor Richard Trask

4D Composites

4D materials for additive manufacturing

Hydrophilic‐hydrophobic polyurethane responsive actuated SINGLE DIRECTION hinges for the folding and deployment of complex origami tessellations

Tool paths for cube a) bottom elastomer skin, b) middle hydrogel core and c) top elastomer skin Tool paths for octahedron a) bottom elastomer skin, b) middle hydrogel core and c) top elastomer skin

SLIDE 11

4D Composites Professor Richard Trask

4D Composites

4D materials for additive manufacturing

Hydrophilic‐hydrophobic polyurethane responsive actuated MULTI‐DIRECTIONAL hinges for the folding and deployment of complex origami tessellations

SLIDE 12

4D Composites Professor Richard Trask

Future Directions and Challenges

Extension of printing process to create an even

more diverse range of shape-changes, including:

Non-planar 4D constructs – (1) the application of

a curved-layer tool-path (i.e. individual layers with variable z) to enable buckling domes, and (2) printing on cylindrical print beds creating tubular bilayer/trilayer architectures for application in keyhole surgery

Hierarchical 4D movement – ‘4D materiome’

where different actuation strategies occur at different length scales.

Actuation speed - the introduction of a porogen

(dissolvable particles used to create a porous structure) to control the rate of actuation of the hinges and through the combination of non-porous and porous hydrogels enable sequential actuation.

Actuation sequence – single vs multi stimuli,

coupled or independent movement (bending and/or twisting), and non-linear vs linear

3D printed PU skin

3D Printed hydrogel core and hinge gap

Material Building Blocks A d d i t i v e Fusion Subtractive

Process Property Structure

Function & Requirements

4 D MATERI OME

Material Building Blocks Additive Fusion Subtractive Property Structure Function & Requirements

Active Sensing Feedback Loop Length Scale Hierarchical Length

SLIDE 13

4D Composites Professor Richard Trask

Experiment - Outcome!

Direct control of the print pathways and in‐fill direction during 3D construction, permits the

realisation of reversible organic movement, rather than being limited to traditional origami folds.

The dissimilar processing temperatures of the TPU and hydrogel permit stacked assembly of

complex folding/ bending patterns

Hydrophilic‐hydrophobic polyurethane for actuated TAILORED BENDING for deployment of complex ‘organic’ architectures.

SLIDE 14

4D Composites

Professor Richard S. Trask Dr Anna Baker Dr Tom Llewellyn-Jones Dr Simon Bates

R.S.Trask@Bristol.ac.uk