INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COMPENDIUM ON LABOUR STATISTICS A modular training series Statistics of ECONOMICALLY Employment, ACTIVE POPULATION: Unemployment, Module EMPLOYMENT, 1 Underemployment: UNEMPLOYMENT, Economically Active UNDEREMPLOYMENT Population International Labour Office
2 PART 1 ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION (EAP) EAP - conceptual framework Currently active population (labour force) Employment Unemployment Underemployment Usually active population Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
THE ECONOMICALLY 3 ACTIVE POPULATION PURPOSES Monitor the economic situation Human resources development Employment policies Income support, social programmes Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
EAP PROGRAMME 4 OF STATISTICS CURRENT STATISTICS Labour force Employment, unemployment, underemployment Short-term trends Seasonal variations Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
EAP PROGRAMME 5 OF STATISTICS NON-CURRENT STATISTICS Labour force - detailed structure Activity patterns over the year Employment and income relationships Topics - children, women, households Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
6 EAP Definition All persons who during a specified time reference period, supply labour for production of goods and services, as defined by the United Nations systems of national accounts and balances. Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
7 SNA-93 Production of goods and services ACTIVITIES control/responsibility of institutional units use inputs: labour, capital, goods and services produce outputs of goods and services Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
NON-PRODUCTIVE 8 ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES purely natural processes basic human activities Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
PART 2: 9 CURRENTLY ACTIVE POPULATION LABOUR FORCE DEFINITION all persons employed or unemployed during short reference period Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
CURRENTLY ACTIVE 10 POPULATION FEATURES exhaustive, mutually exclusive priority rules activity principle Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
REFERENCE 11 PERIOD Short: Labour one day or Force one week Long: Usually 12 months Active or Population calendar year Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
PART 3: 12 EMPLOYMENT Measurement of employment Conceptual framework Persons at work One hour criterion Persons with a job/enterprise but not at work Treatment of particular groups Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
CONCEPTUAL 13 FRAMEWORK for the MEASUREMENT OF EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT Paid Self- employment employment With a job With an At work but not At work enterprise but at work not at work Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
PERSONS 14 AT WORK Persons who during the DEFINITION: reference period performed some work for wage or salary, or profit or family gain, in cash or in kind SOME WORK = Work for at least one hour during the reference period WORK = Engagement in economic activity (production) Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
Persons w ith a job 15 but not at w ork (Temporary absence from paid employment) DEFINITION: Persons who (i) have already worked in that job, (ii) were temporarily not at work during the reference period, and (iii) had a formal job attachment during their absence from work. Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
Persons w ith a job 16 but not at w ork (Temporary absence from paid employment) REASONS FOR ABSENCE Illness, injury; temporary disorganisation, holiday, vacation; suspension of work strike, lock-out; (e.g. bad weather, educational, mechanical/electrical training leave; breakdown, shortage of raw materials/fuels); maternity, parental leave; other temporary absence reduction in economic with or without leave. activity; Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
Persons w ith a job 17 but not at w ork (Temporary absence from paid employment) CRITERIA FOR FORMAL JOB ATTACHMENT (i) continued receipt of wage or salary; (ii) assurance of return to work, or agreement as to date of return; (iii) limited duration of absence from job (e.g. duration for which compensation benefits can be received without obligations to accept other jobs). Persons temporarily laid off, BORDERLINE persons on long-term maternity SITUATIONS or study leave, casual employees, seasonal employees. Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
Persons w ith an enterprise 18 but not at w ork (Temporary absence from paid employment) Persons with an enterprise DEFINITION: (i.e. business enterprise, farm or service undertaking) who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason. Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
Persons w ith an enterprise 19 but not at w ork (Temporary absence from paid employment) CRITERIA (i) Limited duration of absence from work; (ii) continued existence of the enterprise during the owner's absence. Casual own-account workers, BORDERLINE employers and own-account SITUATIONS workers engaged in seasonal activities. Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
Treatment of 20 Particular Groups Students, homemakers, pensioners engaged in economic activity Contributing family workers (unpaid family workers) Producers for own and household consumption Apprentices and trainees Members of the armed forces Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, EAP-33 ILO UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
Contributing Family 21 Workers (Unpaid Family Workers) Workers who hold a self-employment DEFINITION: job in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person (living in the same household), and who cannot be regarded as a partner because their degree of commitment to the operation of the establishment, in terms of working time or other factors to be determined by national circumstances, is not at a level comparable to that of the head of the establishment. Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
Contributing Family 22 Workers (Unpaid Family Workers) CFW AT WORK CFW NOT AT WORK Considered as During the reference EMPLOYED period should irrespective of the be considered as NOT EMPLOYED number of hours worked during because they have no the reference period. enterprise of their own. Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
Producers for Ow n and 23 Household Consumption "IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION" PROVISION: Persons exclusively engaged in production for own and household consumption, if such production provides an important contribution to total consumption of the household. CORRESPONDENCE WITH SNA Treatment of production for own final use. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: where information on household consumption is not available: ex ante determinate types of activity to include; adhere to national accounting practices; collect information on number of hours spent on the activities. Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
24 APPRENTICES Classification into Labour Force Categories APPRENTICES Paid Unpaid Enterprise operated Enterprise not operated E At work Not at work by a related persons by a related persons (living in the same (living in the same household) household) With no With U formal formal E Contribution to No contribution job job N U At Not at production to production attachment attachment E work work of goods of goods N and services and services U N E Employed Not at At U E Unemployed work work Not in the labour force N U With With no E formal job formal job N Module 1 – STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, attachment attachment UNDEREMPLOYMENT: ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
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