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2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002

✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✌✞✎✍✑✏✒✏✒✓✕✔✖☛ ✗✙✘✛✚✡✚✎✜ ✚✎✢✤✣✎✥✧✦✎★✡✩ ✪✬✫✭✜ ✚✡✚✎✘ ✮✯✘✛✰✎✱✳✲✖✴✎✵✷✶✸✴✺✹✻✰✎★✡✱✳✘✛✫✯✣✎✥✧✜ ✘✛✚✡✥✬✘ ✶✼✴✺✩ ★✡✹✌✽✎✜ ✾✌✿❀✚✡✜ ❁❂✘✺✫✭❃✬✜ ✱❅❄

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 2

✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✌✞✎✍✑✏✒✏✒✓✕✔✖☛ ❆ ❇ ✘✛✽❈❃❉✘✺✫✭❁❊✜ ✥✬✘✺❃❋❁❂❃❉✲✖●❍✥✬✩ ✾■❃✬❃❉✜ ✥✬✾✛✩
  • ☞❏❑✘✛✽
✰✎✫✭✴✺✢✡✫✭✾✛✹✻✹✌✜ ✚✎✢ ❆ ✶✼✩ ✜ ✘✛✚✡✱▲❁❊❃❉✲✖❃❉✘✺✫▼❁❂✘✛✫✙✰✡✫✭✴✺✢✡✫✭✾✛✹✻✹✌✜ ✚✡✢ ◆ ❖◗P ❘ ❙✧❚❂❯✕❱❂❲✭❳✧❨❉❳✧❩❂❖◗❬❭❘ ❪❂❯ ❫✺❲▼❳✧❨❉❳ ◆ ❴✼❵■❛✯❜❉❝❭❖◗❙✧❚❂❯ ❬❭❘ ❖✙❨❉❞❂❡❉❪❂❬❭❢❤❣❂❬✐❳✧❥❑❝❭❖◗❙✧❚❂❯ ❬❭❘ ❖ ◆ ❴✼❵■❛✯❜❉❝❭❖◗❙✧❚❂❯ ❬❭❘ ❖❂❱❤❦❂❴✼❦❂❫✛❧✛❩❤❦ ◆ ❖◗❣❂❘ ❫✺♠ ❳✧❞✕❯ ❝❭❖◗❣❂❘ ◆ ♥❅❲▼❳✧❨❉❳✬♦✖❞✕❙✧❬❭❨❉P ❙✧❯ ❆ ♣ ✾■✱❅✾✻✹✌✴ ♣ ✘✛✩❅q✡r❍✾✛❁❊✾✌❃❉✘✺✫✭❁❊✩ ✘✺✱✳s ♣ ✾✛✱❅✾■✽✎✾✛❃❉✘

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 3

✂✁☎✄✉t✙✁☎✞✎✈❋✓ ✇①✁②t③✈✙t❋④❀⑤⑥✁☎✄ ✆✟✞✎✠✟☛✌✞✎✍✑✏✒✏✒✓✕✔✖☛ ◆ ⑦❀❙✧⑧❋❞⑨❙✧❬❭❨❉❘ ❖◗❙✧❞②⑩❶❬❭❙✬❥❑❢❤❯ ❙✟❪❂❬❭❢❤❖◗❙✧❷❂❸❂❬✐❙❑❖◗❳✧P P ❹ ❺✡❻✷❼❅❽✕❺✑❾❍❿✛➀✎➁ ❹ ❼❅➂ ➃ ➄❍➅✭➂ ➄❍➃ ❻◗➆▲➆❍❽✕➂ ❽✷➇ ➈✺➉➋➊ ➌ ❹ ➍✷❻◗➂ ➎❍➏❍➆❍❼✡❽✕➐❍➆❀➃ ❻◗❼❅➑◗➏❍➐❍❼❅❻✕❼ ❹ ➒❍❻◗➐❍❻✕➃ ❽❂➓ ➓ ➔⑨→✧➣ ➏◗➃■➍✷❽✕➅✭➎❍↔ ➐❍❻✷➅❅➏❍➐❍❼❅➄❍➍✷➑❍➂ ↔ ➏❍➐ ◆ ⑦❀❙✧⑧②❪❂❬❭❢❤❣❂❬❭❳✬❥✟❥❑❘ ❚❂❣❋↕➙❣❤❙✧❚❂❙✧❬❭❳✧❯ ❙✟❴➋❵■❛✯❜①❪❂❳✬❣❂❙✧❞ ❹ ➣ ➏❍➃❊➎❍➄❍➍✷❽✕➐❍❼ ❹ ➏❍➣ ➂ ❻◗➐❍→✬➆❍❽✕➂ ❽✕➛❍❽✕❼❅❻◗➜ ➆❍➃ ↔ ➝⑨❻◗➐ ❹ ➃ ❻◗➑❊➓ ❽✕➅✭❻◗➍✖❻◗➐❍➂❂➣ ➏❍➃❊➞⑨➟❉➉☞➠❍➡◗➢❍➤❀➂ ❻✕➃ ➍✷↔ ➐❍❽❂➓ ❼✯➥ ➥ ➥

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 4

➦➨➧⑨✓ ✁☎✔✖➩➫✈✙t❋④❀t✙✁☎✞✎✈✙✁☎✞ ✆✟✞✎✠✟☛✌✞✎✍✑✏✒✏✒✓✕✔✖☛ ❆ ➭✎➯ ✘✺✥✬★✡✱✳✘✻✥✧✴ ♣ ✘✻✴✺✚✤✥✬✩ ✜ ✘✺✚✡✱➲q ◆ ❷❂❢❤⑦❀❚❂P ❢✧❳✧❷❋❲✭❳✧❨❉❳✟❳✧❪❤❪❂P ❙✧❯➋↕➙❞⑨❙✧P ♠ ❝❭❖◗❢❤❚❤❯ ❳✧❘ ❚❂❙✧❷ ❪❂❬❭❢❤❣❂❬❭❳✬❥❑❥❑❘ ❚❤❣②❙✧❚❂❨❉❘ ❬❭❢❤❚❤❥❑❙✧❚❂❯ ◆ ❲▼❳✧❨❉❳✧❩❂❖◗❬❭❘ ❪❂❯✡♥❅❳✧➳➲❳❑➵❂➸✛❛✯❧✛❞✕❖◗❬❭❘ ❪❂❯ ♦❉❱ ❹ ➍✷➏❍➆❍↔ ➣ ➔✸❽✕➐❍➆❀➒❍❻◗➂❤➝⑨❽❂➓ ➄❍❻◗❼✡➣ ➃ ➏❍➍⑥➺❍➻✺➉➋➊❊➇ ➼✐➆◗➏❍➅✭➄❍➍✷❻◗➐❍➂ ➏❍➛❍➽ ❻◗➅✭➂❂➍✖➏❍➆◗❻❊➓ ➼✛➾❑➚❍❿✷➉❤➌ ❆ ➭✎➯ ✘✺✥✬★✡✱✳✘✻✥✧✴ ♣ ✘✻✴✺✚✤❃❉✘✛✫▼❁❂✘✛✫✯➪➶✢✡✘✛✚✎✘✛✫▼✾■✱✳✘ ♣ ✴✺✥✬★✡✹✌✘✺✚✎✱ ◆ ❞✕❯ ❳✧❯ ❙❑❥❑❳✧❘ ❚❂❯ ❙✬❚❂❳✧❚❂❖◗❙✟♥❅❴✼❵❊❵■❦②❞✕❯ ❳✧❯ ❙✧P ❙✬❞✕❞✕♦ ❹ ➓ ➏❍➒❍↔ ➐❍→✬❼❅➎❍➏❍➑❍➑◗↔ ➐❍➒❀➅✭❽✕➃ ➂ →✬➑❍➃ ❻◗➣ ❻◗➃ ❻◗➐❍➅✭❻✕❼

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 5

➹ ✍①➘✑✠✌✔✖✠❶✏➷➴ ❲▼❳✧❨❉❳✧❩❂❖◗❬❭❘ ❪❂❯ ❩❂❩❂➬✳❫✺❧✛❩❤❦❂❫✺❦❤❴✼❦❂❫✛❲▼❩❂❦❂❫ ➸✛➮✧❛ ❙✧❥❑⑧❤❙✧❷❤❷❂❙✧❷②❘ ❚❋❴➋❵■❛✯❜➱❞✕❙✧❪❂❳✧❬❭❳✧❯ ❙ ❲▼❳✧❨❉❳✟❳✧❪❂❪❤P ❙✧❯ ❞✕❫✺❪❂P ❸❤❣❂❝❭❘ ❚ ❖◗P ❘ ❙✧❚❂❯ ❞✕❙✧❬❭❨❉❙✧❬✼❧■❦❂➬✸♥✳✃✼❩❂❧■❦❂➬✳♦❅❫ ❖◗❣❂❘ ❫✺❞✕❙✧❬❭❨❉P ❙✧❯ ❞ ❞✕❙✧❬❭❨❉❙✧❬

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 6

❐ ➘✑✍✑✏✒✆✟➧ ✁☎❒✟❮❰✍①✈✙✍✑Ï☎✇❶✞❀✓✕✆▲➩ Ð ✇①✠☞✠❶Ñ❑✓ ✁②t Ò✭Ó✕Ô▲Õ✳Ö✭×❅Ø⑨Ô✐Õ✭Ù▲Ú①Û❅Õ✐Ü①Ý❅Ó❅Þ✭Õ✕ß à Ò✭Ó✕Ô✷Þ❅á❅â❅Ó✳ãäÚ①Û❅Õ✐Ü①Ý❅Ó❅Þ✭Õ✕ß à å❅æ Û❅ç✳Þ✭Ø✳á✭ÛèÙ✳Õ✳Þ❅é❅á❅á▼ê✳Ø❅Õ✕ß Û✳Ó❅ë✭Õ➲ì✡Ò✭Ó✭í æ Õ➲ì✼î✳á æ Ô❭Ù❅à①ï Ò✭Ó✕Ô▲Õ✳Ö✭×❅Ø⑨Ô✐Õ❀Ú①Û❅Õ✐Ü①Ý❅Ó❅Þ✭Õ✕ß à➲ð Õ✳Ö✭×❅Ø⑨Ô✐Õ➲ñ Ù✳Õ✳Þ❭ò⑨Ø✳ë✭Õ✟ß Õ✳Ö✭×❅Ø⑨Ô✐Õ➲ñ ó✭Õ✳Þ❭ò⑨Ø✳ë✭Õ✕ß à❀ô❋ß✐õ❭ö❅ö❅öè÷✯ø✳öè÷✯ø✳öè÷ î✳á æ Ô❭Ù✳à❅à➲ð â❅á✭ç æ ë✭Õ❅Û✳Þ❉ñ ç✳á❅á▼ê✳Ø❅Õ❀Ú①Û✳Ó❅ë✭Õ❀ô✟ù Ú✕ù✷ô①Õ✭Ù✳ç✳Ó▼×❅Õ✕ß Ò✭Ó✭í æ Õ❅à ô②ß❅ß Õ✳Ö✭×❅Ø⑨Ô✐Õ❀Ú❅Ú①Û æ í❅í❅à✯ú①ù❅ù❑û▲ß❭ù◗ð✼Õ✳Ö✭×❅Ø✕Ô✐Õ✭Ù✐Ú✕ù✷ô Õ✳Ö✭×❅Ø⑨Ô✐Õ➲ñ Þ❅á✳ü✭ý❭ò⑨þ✳Þ✕Ô✐Ø❅Û✳ó◗ß à❅à❅à ÿ å❅æ Û❅ç✳Þ✭Ø✳á✭Û æ Û✭Ù✳Õ✳Þ❅é❅á❅á▼ê✳Ø❅Õ✕ß Û✳Ó❅ë✭Õ❅à①ï Ò✭Ó✕Ô▲Õ✳Ö✭×❀Ú①Û❅Õ✐Ü①Ý❅Ó❅Þ✭Õ✕ß à➲ð Õ✳Ö✭×➲ñ Ù✳Õ✳Þ❭ò⑨Ø✳ë✭Õ✕ß Þ❅á❅â❅Ó✳ã✬ñ ó✭Õ✳Þ❭ò⑨Ø✳ë✭Õ✕ß à✁✯õ❭ö✭à➲ð â❅á✭ç æ ë✭Õ❅Û✳Þ❉ñ ç✳á❅á▼ê✳Ø❅Õ❀Ú①Û✳Ó❅ë✭Õ❀ô✟ù Ú✕ù✷ô✟ù◗ð✼Õ❅Ö✭×❅Ø⑨Ô✐Õ✭Ù✐Ú✕ù✷ô Õ✳Ö✭×➲ñ Þ❅á✳ü✭ý❭ò⑨þ✳Þ✕Ô✐Ø❅Û✳ó◗ß à ÿ Õ✳Ö✭×❅Ø⑨Ô✐Õ✭Ù❍ñ Ù✳Õ✳Þ❭ò⑨Ø✳ë✭Õ✕ß Þ❅á❅â❅Ó✳ã✬ñ ó✭Õ✳Þ❭ò⑨Ø✳ë✭Õ✕ß à❀ô ✂ ø☎✄✭ö❅ö✭÷✝✆❭ø✝✞❭à
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2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 7

❮❰✍①✈✙✍✑Ï☎✇✑✞❀✓◗✆✷➩➫Ð✁✄✂✄☎ ✆✞✝✠✟☛✡✠☞✞✌✎✍✏✟✑☞✠✒✔✓✕✆✗✖ ✘✏✙✛✚ ✘✏✜✣✢✤☞✑✥✧✦☛★✗✩ ✪✬✫ ✌☛☞✠✡✞✭✧✓✕✆✗✮ ✘✰✯✲✱ ✘✏✜✞✳✠✝☛✴☛✙✛✚ ✡✠✜ ✪ ✴✛✵✷✶✞✸✏✵✺✹✻☞☛✥✏★✠✼☛✽✗✩✿✾✰✢✬✴✠✜✞❀✲✩ ✡✠✜ ✪ ✴✛✵✬❁✏❂✏✵✺✹✻☞☛✥✠❃❄✩❅✾✰✢✬✴✠✜✏❀✲✩ ✡✠✜ ✪ ✴✛✵✕❆✏❇✰✵✺✹✻☞☛✥✏★✗✩❅✾✰✢✬✴✠✜✏❀✲✩ ✱✠✱ ❈ ✌☛✆✔✓✕☞❊❉ ✥✧✦☛★☛✙❋✚ ✆●✱ ✆☛✍✣✢✕❍❄✱ ☞✞✌✎❍✠✴✠✒☛✍✏✟☛✴●✱ ✍✏■☛☞✞✌✎✍✏✟ ✪ ✮ ☞✞✯✗✱ ✪ ✴✞✳✎✴✠✡✠☞✠✴✠❏❑✥▲☞✣✢✷✝☛✴ ❈ ❈

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 8

✂✁☎✄✉✍①t◆▼▲❖☞➦ ❆ ✫✭✘◗P✎★✎✘✛❃✬✱❅❘ ✗❚❙❯❙❲❱❨❳ ➭ ❙✯s❩❱✎✿❚❙ ❆ ✫✭✘✛❃❉✰✎✴✎✚✎❃❉✘❭❬✕✫✭✘✛❃✬★✎✩ ✱✬❪❂q✡✦✎✘✺✾ ♣ ✘✛✫▼❃▲❫ ✽✎✴ ♣ ❄ ❆ ✴✺✽✲❴⑨✘✛✥✧✱▲✜ ♣ ✘✺✚✎✱❅✜ ✵✳✜ ✘✛✫❲❵ ✿❅❛❝❜ ❆ ✱❅❄❂✰✎✘ ♣❈♣ ✾✛✱❅✾❞❬✠❡❯❢❋❜❄❪①❁❊❃❉✲✖✗❣❙❲❢✛❜ ❆ ✵❭✫✭✴✎✹ ✥✬✴✺✚✡❃❉✱❅✾■✚✡✱❀➪ ✹✌✴✺❃✬✱✳✩ ❄❶✥✬✴✺✚✡❃❉✱❅✾■✚✡✱❀➪ ✥✬✴✎✹✌✰✎✩ ✘✺✱✳✘✛✩ ❄✑✴✺✚✐❤ ♣ ✘✺✹✻✾■✚ ♣

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 9

Ï☎✁☎✞✎✈✙✁☎✞❚❥✡t❋✓ ❦✑✁ ✓✕✔✖✇✑➧ ❧♠❦✑✁ ❹ ♥✎♦✲♣✣q✺r❄s ❷❂❢❤❖◗❸❂❥✟❙✧❚❂❯ ❞✙♥❅❢❤❬✼❖◗❢❤❚❂♠ ❘ ❣❂❸❂❬❭❙✬❷❋⑧❄t①❷❂❙✧♠ ❳✧❸❂P ❯ ♠ ❢❤❬✼❳✧P P➋❡ ✉❂❯ ❥❑P✧❷❂❢❤❖◗❸❤❥❑❙✧❚❂❯ ❞✕♦ ◆ ❘ ❚❂❖◗P ❸❂❷❂❙✟❘ ❚❋❴➋❛✯❵■❜✣✈✷✇■❛✙❜☞❖◗❢✧❥❑❥✟❙✧❚❂❯ ❞ ①③②✎④✲④❭⑤❄⑥✗s✺⑥✣r●⑥✗⑦✣q⑨⑧✲q✲q◗⑩✏❶✲❷✲❸✣q✗⑥✣❹✺❺●⑧●s✲❸✲⑥ ⑧✲q✲q◗⑩✏❶✲❷✲❸✣q✗⑥✣❹✺❺●⑧●s✲❸✺⑥❻♥✲♥✲♥✔④✲④❊❼ ◆ P ❘ ❥❑❘ ❯ ❙✬❷❋❞✕❖◗❬❭❘ ❪❂❯ ❘ ❚❤❣✼❱❂❘ ♠ ✈❅❙✧P ❞✕❙✧❫✛❘ ❚❂❖◗P ❸❤❷❂❙✧❫✛❙✗❽❉❙✧❖◗❫ ❨❉❳✧❬❭❘ ❳✧⑧❂P ❙✧❞ ◆ ❪❂❬❭❘ ❥❑❳✧❬❭❘ P t☞♠ ❢❤❬✼❖◗❢❤❚❤❷❂❘ ❯ ❘ ❢❤❚❂❳✧P✧❘ ❚❂❖◗P ❸❂❞✕❘ ❢✧❚❤❫✺⑧❂❢❤❘ P ❙✧❬✐❪❂P ❳✧❯ ❙ ◆ ❞✕❙✧❖◗❸❂❬❭❘ ❯ t☞❘ ❞✕❞✕❸❂❙✧❞❂❱ ⑥✣❾●⑥✲❿

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 10

Ï⑥Ï❊➀ ✁②➘✑✍✑✏✒✆✟➧ ✁ ◆ ➸✛❢❤P ❸❂❥❑⑧❤❘ ❳❑➸✛❩▲✉❂❢❤❥✟❙✟❪❂❳✧❣❤❙ ➁✬➂ ➃ ➄✬➅ ➆ ➁✬➂ ➇➉➈➉➊ ➆➉➁ ➋✷➌ ➋✎➍➉➎ ➆➉➏✕➐ ➄✬➑➉➒ ➃ ➇✎➓❚➔➉→➉➣ ➇✕↔➉→ ➇✞↕❄➙✬➇➉➅➉→ ➐ ➄✕➇❯➁ ➛ ➋✷➌ ➋✎➍➉➎ ➆ ➁✬➜➉→✷➓ ➣➉➑ ➃❩➅ ➈✕↔ ➝✕➒ ➈➉➝➉➇ ➞➉➟➉➈ ➠✕➈✕➜➉→✷➓ ➣➉➑ ➃ ➆ ➠✕➈✎➓❚➜ ➇✕→ ➃✕➣ ➐✕↔❣➞✻➡ ➂ ➐ ➄✕➇✬➡☛➢ ➠✕➈✎➓❚➜➉➒➉➤➉➜ ➇✕→ ➃✕➣ ➐✕↔❚➞✻➡ ➂ ➐ ➄✕➇✬➡☛➢ ➠✕➈✎➓❚➜➉➒➉➤➉➜ ➇✕→ ➃✕➣ ➐✕↔➉➌ ➥❯➞✻➡➉➦ ➧✕➡☛➢ ➁➉➛✬➜➉→✷➓ ➣➉➑ ➃ ➆ ➁➉➛✬➂ ➇➉➈➉➊ ➆ ➁✏➨ ➦➉➦ ➩✬➜ ➇➉➃❯➠✕➈✎➓ ➞✷➡ ➔✕➎ ➏ ➋✷➌ ➫✕➭✬➡❚➠✕➈✕➅➉➒ ➇ ➞✷➡ ➯ ➫➉➲✷➎➉➡③➦➉➦ ➆ ➁✏➨ ➦➉➦ ➩✬➣➉↔➉→➉➅➉➒ ➊➉➇③➳✕➣➉➅ ➇ ➞✷➡ ➃➉➐✕➑✠➵ ➣➉↔➉→✕➡③➦➉➦ ➆ ➁✏➨ ➦➉➦ ➩✬➣➉↔➉→➉➅➉➒ ➊➉➇③➳✕➣➉➅ ➇ ➞✷➡ ➂ ➐ ➄✕➇✞➵ ➃ ➸✕➃✬➡③➦➉➦ ➆ ➁➉➛✕➃✎➓ ➆③➁➉➛✕➃➉➈✕➤➉➅ ➇ ➆ ➁✏➨ ➦➉➦ ➩✬➣➉↔➉→➉➅➉➒ ➊➉➇③➳✕➣➉➅ ➇ ➞✷➡ ➤ ➐➉➃➉➃➉➐ ➄✏➵ ➃ ➸✕➃✬➡❯➦➉➦ ➆ ➁➉➛✬➂ ➃ ➄✬➅ ➆

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 11

Ï⑥Ï❊➀ ❐ ➘✑✍✑✏✒✆✟➧ ✁ ①❄❷✣➺✲➻✺➼✲❼ ①❄♣✲➽✰❼●➾✲➾✗➚❭➪➶⑥✗♦✣q✺①✲➹❄♣✲➽✰❼ ➪➘♣✺⑥➴➻✲➺✗❿✗❸✰r●⑥✗⑦✣q❨➷❄⑧●♦⑨s✣⑧●♦✣q➴r✗➺✲➻●❶✺➬✗❶✲⑥✺➻⑨➺●⑦ ①③②✎④✲④❭⑤❄➬✗s✣⑧●♦✣q✺r✗➺✲➻➮➬✗❶✲s✺⑥✣❹➘➱✺✃✰❐✣❒✗❮●❰✣Ï➶Ð✺Ñ✏➪✲Ò➶Ñ✏Ó●Ï➶Ð✗➱✔Ô ⑧●⑦✣➻Õ♣✣⑧●♦❨①③②✎④✲④❭⑤❄➬✗♦✲❶✣Ö✗⑥ ➬✗❶✲s✺⑥✣❹➘➱✺✃✰❐✣❒✗❮●❰✣Ï➶Ð✣Ñ✏➪✲Ò➶Ñ✏Ó●Ï➶Ð✗➱➴④✲④❊❼×❷✣➼✗q✗⑥✗♦✐♥ ①❄♣✺Ø✣❼➶Ð✺⑦✏❺➶❶➶⑩✠➺●⑦✰r●⑥✗⑦✣q✺①✲➹❄♣✺Ø✣❼ ①③②✎④✲④❭⑤➶Ù➶⑩✏❶✲⑦✣q✗⑥✗⑦✏❺➴Ô ①✲➹❄Ù➶⑩✞⑥✣❼

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 12

➦✌✠❶✏✒✏➷✠❶✔ ☛✟✍①➩▲✁②⑤ ✍①➴✝✓✕✔✖➩▲✁☎✞❚Úè✍①✇①✁ Û ✇①☛✌✓✞Ü ◆ ➵❂❳✧❬❭P ❘ ❙✧❞✕❯✡❳✧❯ ❯ ❙✧❥✟❪❂❯✡❳✧❯✡❷❄t➲❚❂❳✬❥❑❘ ❖✯⑦▲❙✧⑧②❖◗❢❤❚❂❯ ❙✧❚❂❯ ◆ P ❳✧❚❂❣❂❸❤❳✧❣❂❙✧❝❭❘ ❚❂❷❂❙✬❪❂❙✧❚❤❷❂❙✧❚❂❯ ◆ ❪❂❳✧❞✕❞✕❙✧❞✙❴➋❵■❵❊❦❋❬❭❙✗Ý❤❸❂❙✧❞✕❯✡❘ ❚❂♠ ❢❤❬✐❥❑❳✧❯ ❘ ❢❤❚②❨❉❘ ❳ ❹ ➅✭➏❍➍✷➍✷❽✕➐❍➆②➓ ↔ ➐◗❻▲➇ ➞ ❾❍➞✠Þ❊➚➘ß❭➈❉➌■➾▲➃ ❽✕➃ ❻❂➓ ➔✖➄❍❼✳❻◗➆ ❹ ❻◗➐❍➝⑨↔ ➃ ➏❍➐❍➍✷❻◗➐❍➂❤➝⑨❽✕➃ ↔ ❽✕➛■➓ ❻◗❼✺à✕❼❅➔⑨❼❅➂ ❻◗➍❈↔ ➐❍➣ ➏❑á❲â❍➄❍❻◗➃ ➔✸❼❅➂ ➃ ↔ ➐❍➒ ➇ ã③ß✳➻❉➌ ❹ ➃ ❻✏â❍➄◗❻◗❼❅➂❂➛◗➏❍➆❍➔✸➇✕➁❭❿✛❾❍➻❉➌❣Ô ❼❅➂ ❽✕➐❍➆❍❽✕➃ ➆❀↔ ➐❍➑❍➄◗➂ ◆ ❬❭❙✧❯ ❸❂❬❭❚❋❴✼❵■❛✯❜①❢❤❬❯✇❊❛✯❜①❨❉❘ ❳❑❞✕❯ ❳✧❚❤❷❂❳✧❬❭❷②❢❤❸❂❯ ❪❂❸❂❯ ◆ ❚❂❢❤❚❂❝❭❪❂❳✧❬❭❞✕❙✬❷❋✉❂❙✬❳✧❷❂❙✧❬❭❞❀♥❅✃➋❦❂❴✼♦✖❬✐❙✧❯ ❸❂❬❭❚❋❖◗❢❤❥✟❪❂P ❙✧❯ ❙ ❬❭❙✧❞✕❪❂❢❤❚❂❞✕❙
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SLIDE 3

3

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 13

✇①☛✌✓①✍✑✞✎☛✑❧❶✏➷✁☎✔✖➩▲t ❆ ✾■✰✎✰✎✩ ✜ ✥✧✾✛✱✳✜ ✴✎✚✁ ➯ ❤▼❏❑❏②❏❑❤▼✵❭✴✎✫▼✹❞❤▼★✎✫▼✩ ✘✺✚✎✥✬✴ ♣ ✘ ♣ ✵❭✴✺✫▼✹✻✾■✱ ◆ ❞✕❪❂❳✧❖◗❙❑❖✏✉❤❳✧❬❭❳✧❖◗❯ ❙✧❬❭❞✯↕✄✂✆☎✝✂ ◆ ❙✧❞✕❖◗❳✧❪❂❙✟♥✟✞❊❽✣❽❉♦✖❬✐❙✧❞✕❙✧❬❭❨❉❙✬❷❋❖✏✉❂❳✧❬❭❳✧❖◗❯ ❙✧❬✐❞ ◆ ❚❂❳✧❥❑❙✎⑩✺❨❉❳✧P ❸❂❙✟❪❂❳✧❘ ❬❭❞✙❞✕❙✬❪❂❳✧❬❭❳✧❯ ❙✬❷❋⑧●t✡✠ ❆ ☛✌☞✎✍✑✏ å á❅á❉ñ ç✳ó✭Ø❅ú❅Û✳Ó❅ë✭Õ❭Ú✓✒❭á✭î❅Û❭ô✭Ý❅á✭Õ✕✔▼ó✭Õ❅Û✳â✭Õ⑨Ô Ú✭ë❅Ó✭í❅Õ✕✔ å Ó❅ë▼Ø❅í❭ã❅Ú ✞ ✔⑨ç❅Ø✳Þ✳ã❅Ú⑨ê✳Õ❅Û✳Þ ✔⑨ç❅Ø✳Þ✳ã❅Ú✭ë✭Ø✳Ó❅ë✭Ø✕✔▼á❅Þ✭î❅Õ⑨Ô Ú✭Ó✆✖❅ç✕✗▼ö❅Ý✘✗▼ö✘✙▼â✭Õ å ✔⑨Û❅Ø❅ç✭ê✳Û✳Ó✭ë✭Õ❭Ú✓✒ ✗✓✚❅ø✳Ý ◆ ❦✜✛✷❩❂❵✸❱❂❘ ❚❂❖◗P ❸❤❷❂❙✟❘ ❚❋⑧❤❢❤❷❄t①❢❤♠✎❥✟❙✧❞✕❞✕❳✧❣❤❙

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 14

✇①☛✌✓✤Úè✠❶✞❀✏➷t ◆ ❞✕❘ ❚❂❣❂P ❙❑♠ ❢❤❬✐❥ ❪❂❙✧❬✼❞✕❸❤⑧❂❥❑❘ ❞✕❞✕❘ ❢❤❚ ✢ ✆☛✍✺✢✕❍❋✜✠✡☛☞✞✌✎✍✏✟✎✥ ✪ ✡✣✢✷✌✠■☛☞✞✝✏✢✷✌✑❍✞✴✠☞✠✭✎✍✞❏☛✥☛❆✤✣✕✥✧✦ ★✪✩✰✸✪✥✬✫ ✆☛✍✺✢✕❍❋✆✞✌☛✴✠✳☛❏ ✪ ✹ ✢ ✌✠✟✠■✠✝☛☞▲☞✆✭✏■☛✴☛✥✣✵✷☞☛✴✯✮✞☞✰✵✑✟✎✜☛❍✞✴☛✥✣✵✷☞☛✴✯✮✞☞✞★✏✵ ✪ ✌✎✒✠✴☛✥✏★✎❃ ❍✞✜✯✮✏✳☛✴✞✟✯✰✠☞✠✭✎✥✏★✬✱ ✘✞✜✞✳✠✝☛✴☛✥✣✵✷❂✠✟✠✌☛☞✞✌☛✜✠✳❑☞✠✴✯✮✞☞✏✵✪✫ ✢ ✌✠✟✠■✠✝☛☞▲☞✆✭✏■☛✴☛✥✣✵✎✭☛✌☛❏✠❏✠✴✞✟✏✵♠✟☛✜☛❍✞✴☛✥✰✵ ✪ ☞✠✜✠☞✠✴✏✵ ✘✏✜✞✳✠✝☛✴☛✥✣✵ ✪ ✴✠✡✣✢✬✴✠☞✰✵✘✫ ✢ ✌✠✟✠■✠✝☛☞▲☞✆✭✏■☛✴☛✥✺✢✬✜☛❏✞✌✎✍✛✟☛✜✎❍✞✴☛✥✺✢✬✜✠❏✠✌✎✍❑✘✏✜✞✳☛✝☛✴✎✥✆✲✴✳✟✵✏❁ ✡✞✭☛✴✠✡✏❀✎✴✠❏✯✫ ✢ ✌✠✟✠■✠✝☛☞▲☞✆✭✏■☛✴☛✥✺✢✬✜☛❏✞✌✎✍✛✟☛✜✎❍✞✴☛✥✺✢✬✜✠❏✠✌✎✍❑✘✏✜✞✳☛✝☛✴✎✥✬✶✟✷✤✣✆✸✯✫ ✢ ✌✠✟✠■✠✝☛☞▲☞✆✭✏■☛✴☛✥ ✪ ✝☛✾✎❍✏✌☛☞✑✘✞✜✞✳✠✝☛✴☛✥✣✵✷✸✠✝✠✾✎❍✏✌☛☞✏✵✪✫

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 15

✂✁☎✄✉t✙➩▲✍☞➩▲✁ ❆ ✣✎✱❅✾✛✱✳✘✷q ◆ ❞✕❯ ❳✧❯ ❙✧P ❙✧❞✕❞ ◆ ❞✕❯ ❳✧❯ ❙❑❖◗❢❤❥❑❪❂P ❙✧❯ ❙✧P t☞❞✕❯ ❢❤❬❭❙✬❷❋❢❤❚❋❖✕P ❘ ❙✧❚❂❯ ◆ ❞✕❯ ❳✧❯ ❙❑❬❭❙✧♠ ❙✧❬❭❙✧❚❂❖◗❙✬❷❋⑧●t☞❖◗P ❘ ❙✧❚❂❯ ❫✺❞✕❯ ❢❤❬❭❙✧❷②❢❤❚❋❞✕❙✧❬❭❨❉❙✧❬ ♥❅❥❑❢❤❞✕❯✡❖◗❢❤❥✟❥❑❢❤❚❤♦ ❆ ❢❋✘✛✥✬✦✡✾■✚✡✜ ❃✬✹✌❃✎q ◆ ✉❂❘ ❷❂❷❤❙✧❚❋♠ ❢❤❬❭❥ ♠ ❘ ❙✧P ❷❂❞ ◆ ✹✻✺✺❜☞❪❤❳✧❬❭❳✧❥✟❙✧❯ ❙✧❬❭❞ ◆ ❖◗❢❤❢❤➳❉❘ ❙✧❞✙♥❅❴➋❵■❵❊❦❋✉❂❙✬❳✧❷❤❙✧❬❭❞✕♦

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 16

✇①☛✌✓✑✏➷✁②✇✽✼è✍✑✔☞✓ ✇①t ❆ ✘✛✜ ✱✳✦✎✘✺✫✯✥✬✾✛✩ ✩ ✘ ♣ ✲❭✥✬✢✎✜✺✜ ✚❈✗❣❙❲❢✛❜ ♣ ✜ ✫▼✘✛✥✬✱❅✴✺✫▼❄✑✴✎✫ ❃❉✱✳✴✎✫✭✘ ♣ ✜ ✚❈✥✬✢✡✜ ❤▼✽✎✜ ✚ ◆ ❘ ❚❋➸✛❩❂❫✺⑧❂❢❤❯ ✉▲✈ ♣✣➺✺r●⑥✣➹✗⑧●s✲❶✺❿✲⑥✣➹❄♣✣q✺r❄s✰➹●➬✺➺✲➺❣♥✷❿✿✾●❶ ❢❤❬ ➹❄♣✣➺✺r●⑥✣➹✗⑧●s✲❶✺❿✲⑥✣➹❄♦✺⑥✲❿✗❸➶⑩✞⑥✏Ò➘♣✣q✺r❄s✰➹●➬✺➺✲➺❣♥✎❿✿✾●❶ ⑦❀❢❤❬❭➳ ❆ ✘ ➯ ✘✛✥✬★✡✱❅✾■✽✎✩ ✘❊❬⑨❃✬✥✬✫▼✜ ✰✎✱❀✵❭✜ ✩ ✘ ❪ ❆ ✫✭★✎✚✡❃②✾✛❃②✚✎✴✺✽✡✴ ♣ ❄✑✴✺✫✯✾■❃②✴✺❏②✚✎✜ ✚✡✢✤★✎❃❉✘✛✫ ❀✴❁✻❂❄❃❆❅✎❇✤❈✧❉❋❊❍●❋■✧❏▲❑▼●❋■✧❏ ❪ ❆ ❃❉✱✳✴✎✫✭✘✻❃❉✘✺✥✬✫✭✘✺✱ ♣ ✾■✱❅✾✌✴✎✵❭✵▲✱✳✦✎✘ ♣ ✴✎✥✧★✎✹✌✘✺✚✎✱❀✱❅✫✭✘✛✘✝◆

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 17

ÏP❖❘◗ ✓✕✔✖➩▲✁☎✞✐Úè✍☞✇①✁ ❆ ❢❋✴✺❃✬✱▲✥✬✴✎✹✻✹✌✴✎✚❈❏❑✘✛✽❈✹✌✴ ♣ ✘✛✩✳q ◆ ❖◗❣❂❘❤❞✕❖◗❬❭❘ ❪❂❯✡♥✳❢❤❬✼❲▼❳✧❨➲❳❑❞✕❙✧❬❭❨❉P ❙✧❯ ♦✖❳✧❖◗❖◗❙✧❞✕❞⑨❙✧❞ ❷❂❳✧❯ ❳✧⑧❤❳✧❞✕❙ ◆ ❷❂❳✧❯ ❳✧⑧❤❳✧❞✕❙❑❨❉❘ ❳❑❵■➸■❦❋❖◗❢✧❚❂❚❂❙✧❖◗❯ ❘ ❢❤❚②♥✪✛❚❙❱❯■➸✛❫✺❲✯❙❱❯■➸✛❫ ❞✕❖◗❬❭❘ ❪❂❯ ♦ ❆ ✚✐❤▼✱✳✜ ✘✺✫✯✹✌✴ ♣ ✘✛✩❅q ◆ ❷❂❙✧P ❙✬❣❂❳✧❯ ❙❲✂❅⑧❂❸❂❞✕❘ ❚❤❙✧❞✕❞✙P ❢❤❣❂❘ ❖▼✂✷❯ ❢❳✺✺❦❂➸✛❝✐⑧❂❳✧❞✕❙✬❷ ❞✕❙✧❬❭❨❉❙✧❬ ❆ ❡❣❢❋❜❄❤▼✽✡✾■❃❉✘ ♣ ✹✌✴ ♣ ✘✛✩❅q ◆ ❣❂❙✧❚❂❙✧❬❭❳✧❯ ❙✑✇❊❛✯❜❉❫✺❬❭❙✧❚❤❷❂❙✧❬➋❨❉❘ ❳✑✇■❩❤❜❉❵

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 18

➹ ✇✑➧è✇①☛✌✓①✁②➘✑✍✑✏✒✆✟➧ ✁ Ù✳Õ✳ÞèÕ❅Û❭Ò❍ß✕❨❭Ý✘❩▼❨✪❬✆❭✟❪ ✙▼❪ ❫✟❩✬❴ ✙❅ò✓❵❅à❜❛▼î✳á❅ë✭Õ✘❛▼î✳ó▼Ù✕❛⑨Ù æ Û✝✞ ❛▼í❅Ø✟✖ í✳á❅Ó❅â✡❝✳Õ❅Û❭Ò❍ß✕❨❭Ý✘❩▼❨✪❬✆❭✟❪ ✙▼❪ ❫✟❩✬❴ ✙❅ò✓❵❅à✘❛▼í❅Ø✟✖ å ✖✭Ù✘❞✭í➲ñ Ù✳á í✳Ó✭×❅×❅Õ❅Û✳â✯Ó æ Þ❅á✘❩⑨×✳Ó❅Þ✭î❜❛▼î✳á❅ë✭Õ✘❛▼î✳ó▼Ù✕❛▼î✳Þ❅ë✭í✘❛▼Õ✳â❅Ó▼Ù✝✆ í✳Ó✭×❅×❅Õ❅Û✳â✯Ó æ Þ❅á✘❩⑨×✳Ó❅Þ✭î❜❛▼î✳á❅ë✭Õ✘❛▼î✳ó▼Ù✕❛▼í❅Ø✟✖ ×✳Ó✭ç✭ê❭Ó❅ó✭Õ☞Ô✐Õ✪❞ æ Ø⑨Ô✐Õ✯ç✳ó✭Ø ç✳ó✭Ø✕❩▼â✭Õ✟✖ æ ó❢❡❅á✭Û ç✳ó✭Ø✕❩⑨Õ❭Ò✭Ó✭í①ï Ù✘❞✭í✯ç✳á✭Û❅Û❅Õ❅ç✳Þ✯â✆✖❅î✳á▼Ù❭Þ❉ñ ç✳á✭í æ ë✆✖❅Ø✳Ó❉ñ Õ✳â æ â✆✖ æ Ù✳Õ✕Ô❀Ù✳Õ❅ç⑨Ô✐Õ✳Þ ç✳ó✭Ø✕❩✓✖✳á❅â✳ã✟ï ñ❅ñ❅ñ ÿ Ù✘❞✭í✙â✭Ø✭Ù✳ç✳á✭Û❅Û❅Õ❅ç✳Þ ÿ
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SLIDE 4

4

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 19

➹ ✇✑➧è✇①☛✌✓ ✡✓✰✞✌✁✣✾✎✍✞❏✯✭✛✚ ✭✠★✛✵✟✸✠✜☛☞✠✜✞✾☛✜ ✪ ✴♠✘✰✌☛✴ ✫ ✵ ✪ ✴✠☞▲✡☛✍✞✟☛✆✞✳✠✌ ✪ ☞❞✮ ✪✄✂ ✳❋✵✎✸▼✣✆☎✓✣✷❁✟✥ ✡☛✍✏✟☛✆✠✴✣✢✬✴✞✟✎✡✠✴●✖ ✟☛✜☛❍✠✴●✖ ✝✰✢✷✳✗✖ ✳✎✍▼✰☛✍ ✝✄✞ ✩✠✟❋✡☛✍✏✟✎✆✠✴✣✢✬✴✞✟☛✡☛✴ ✲✰❇✬✣ ✞ ✣✑✡☛✍✏✟☛✆☛✴✣✢✬✴✞✟☛✡✠✴✎✥☛✡✷✡✰✵✎✯ ☞✠✜✞✾✠✳☛✴❋✚ ✆☛✍✺✢✬✴✠✜✠✡✞✭✑✡☛✍✏✟☛✆☞✡✷✡☛✍✏✟☛✆✞✳✠✌ ✪ ☞✛✚ ❍✞✜✞■✠✳✠✌ ✪ ☞✌✡✎✡☛✍✏✟☛✆❑✡❋✟☛✜☛❍✞✴▲✝✰✢✷✳▲✳✷✍▼✰☛✍ ☞✠✜✞✾✠✳☛✴✍✗✢✕✍ ✫ ✚ ☞✠❏✧✵✎✡☛✟☛✜☛❍✠✴✰✵ ☞✠❏✧✵✎✡☛✝✰✢✷✳✞✵ ❈ ❈ ❈ ❈

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 20

❖☞➴☞➩❲✼è✠❶✔ Ú①✠❶✞➷✇①☛✌✓ ❆ ✗✙✾✛✚ ♣ ✩ ✘✺❃②✰✎✫✭✴✎✥✬✘✺❃❉❃❉✜ ✚✎✢❈✥✧✢✎✜✺❁❊✾✛✫✭✜ ✾✛✽✎✩ ✘✛❃ ❆ ✚✎✘✛✘ ♣ ✱✳✴☎✢✎✘✺✚✎✘✛✫▼✾✛✱✳✘✻✗❣❙❲❢❋❜✑✽✡❄✑✰✡✫✭✜ ✚✡✱ ❆ ✽✎★✎✱❀❃❉✘✛✰✎✾✛✫▼✾■✱✳✘✻✴✺✽✗❴⑨✘✛✥✧✱✬❤▼✴✎✫✭✜ ✘✺✚✎✱✳✘ ♣ ✫✭✴✺★✡✱✳✜ ✚✎✘✛❃ ✏✒✑ ❛ æ Ù▼Ô ❛▼í✳á✭ç✳Ó✭í✘❛✯✖❅Ø❅Û✘❛▼×❭ã✭Þ✭î✳á✭Û ✏✒✑ ❛✭á✭×✳Þ✪❛✭é✄✓✳é✭þ❅×❭ã✭Þ✭î✳á✭Û✘❛✯✖❅Ø❅Û✘❛▼×❭ã✭Þ✭î✳á✭Û✟✚➲ñ ✚ Ø✳ë✭×✳á✕Ô Þ✯á▼Ù❍ì✸Ù❭Þ✕Ô✐Ø❅Û✳ó❉ì✸Ù✐ã⑨Ù å Ô á❅ë✯Þ✳ã▼×❅Õ✭Ù✙Ø✳ë✭×✳á✕Ô Þ✡❨✳Ø✭Ù❭Þ❭ò✭ã▼×❅Õ ×⑨Ô✐Ø❅Û✳Þ☞ù✐é❅á✭Û✳Þ✭Õ❅Û✳Þ✝ ò✭ã▼×❅Õ➲û➋Þ✭Õ✳Ö❅Þ✪❛▼î✳Þ❅ë✭í▼ù ✏ ❵✐ò⑨ý✯❨✙Ø✭Ù å á✭í❅í✳á❭Ü⑨Ø❅Û✳ó ×⑨Ô✐Ø❅Û✳Þ ✏ ✖❅í❅Ó✭Û✭ê✙í❅Ø❅Û❅Õ➲ì✕✔✗✖✯❵

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 21

✇①☛✌✓✑✆✷➴☞➩❲✼è✠❶✔ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✧✵ ✢ ☞✞✌☛☞✞✳☛✴✯✫✬★✟✭✞☞✞✭✎✍✏✟✑✡✓✰✞✌ ✪ ✡✣✢✷✌✠■☛☞ ✢✄✘ ☞✠✌☛☞✞✳☛✴✯✫✣✵ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✧✵ ✢ ✾✎✍✞❏✯✭✓✫✣✵ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✧✵ ✢ ✭✠★✆✫✴★✟✭✞☞✠✭✎✍✏✟ ✪ ✡✰✢✷✌✠■☛☞ ✢✎✘ ✭✠★✆✫✣✵ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✧✵✄✙✎✴✠✆☛✍✺✢✬✴ ✪ ✡✣✢✷✌✠■☛☞✏✵ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞ ✪ ✭ ✪ ✱ ■☛✜✠☞✞✭ ☞✣✢✘✭❄✹ ✌✎❍✏■✎✍✺✢✬☞❑✡✓✰✞✌ ✴✯✮✞✡✠✴✞■☛☞●✹ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✛✵✷✴✣✢✠✢✕✍✺✢✎✵✺✖ ✪ ✭ ✪ ✱ ✴✯✮✞✡✍✣✌☛✟☛✆☛✍✲✓✕✙✗✮ ❃✏✯ ✚ ✍✏✟✠✳✆✭❋✆✎✍✺✢ ★✟✭✞☞✠✭✎✍✏✟▲✼✗✱ ✼●❉ ✌✎❍✏■✎✍✺✢✬☞▲✡✯✰✞✌☛☞✞✾✗✩✻✡✓✰✞✌☛☞✞✾✗✱ ✴✞✟☛✜✞✾✠✳☛✴✣✓✕✙

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 22

✇①☛✌✓✑✆✷➴☞➩❲✼è✠❶✔ ✆☛✍✺✢✕❍▲✥❋✡✯✰✞✌✗✱ ✝ ✌☛✴✠✳☛❏✞✸☛☞☛✍✺✢✕✜✓✰✠✴✺✓✕✙ ✌☛✆❋✟✎✍✞☞✔✓➉✆☛✍✺✢✕❍❄✱ ✭✎✜ ✪ ✺❀✎✴✯✭✺✓✎✵✎✟☛✜☛❍✞✴✏✵✷✙✠✙●✹ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✛✵ ✢ ✆☛✍✺✢✕❍▲✜✠✡✠☞✞✌✎✍✞✟✎✥✏■☛✡✓✰✞✌✲✱ ✡✓✰✞✌✑❍✠✴✠☞✠✭✎✍✞❏☛✥▼✰✠✴✠☞✯✫✰✵ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✛✵ ✢ ✌✠✟✠■✠✝✎☞▲☞✯✭✏■☛✴✎✥✞☞✠✴✯✮✞☞▲✟☛✜☛❍✞✴☛✥✏✟✎✜☛❍✠✴ ✪ ✌☛✒✠✴☛✥✏★✷❃✓✫✣✵ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✛✵ ✢ ✌✠✟✠■✠✝✎☞▲☞✯✭✏■☛✴✎✥ ✪ ✝✠✾✎❍✏✌✎☞✑✘✏✜✞✳✠✝✎✴☛✥✞✸✠✝✠✾✎❍✏✌☛☞✯✫✣✵ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✛✵ ✢✎✘ ✆☛✍✺✢➉❍✓✫✣✵ ✴✞✳ ✪ ✴●✹ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✛✵ ✢ ■✆✫✏✟☛✜✎❍✞✴●✹✕✵✺✖✻✆☛✍✺✢✕❍●✮✬✵✷✟☛✜☛❍✞✴✰✵✎✯✲✱ ✘✞✜✞✳✠✝☛✴ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✧✵ ✢✄✘ ✾✎✍✞❏✯✭✓✫✰✵

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 23

ÏP❖❘◗ ✓✕✔✖➩▲✁☎✞✐Úè✍☞✇①✁ ❆ ✣✜✛✤❜✔❘ ✹✻✴✺✫✭✘◗❤▼✴✎✫✎❤▼✩ ✘✺❃❉❃②❃✬✱❅✾■✚ ♣ ✾■✫ ♣ ✫✭✘✛✱❅✫✭✜ ✘✺❁❂✾✛✩ ✩ ✾■✚✡✢✎★✡✾■✢✎✘✻✵❭✴✎✫ ♣ ✾✛✱❅✾■✽✡✾■❃❉✘✛❃ ❆ ➭✎➯ ✾✛✹✌✰✎✩ ✘✺❃✺q ◆ ✛✷❬❭❳✧❖◗P ❙ ◆ ❩❄t❉⑧❂❳✧❞✕❙ ◆ ➬✪❯■❛ ❙❱❯➘✈✍✢ ◆ ❛✯❘ ❖◗❬❭❢❤❞✕❢❤♠ ❯✡❩✤✣✖❜☞❩❂❙✧❬❭❨➲❙✧❬ ◆ ❥❑t❉❩✥✣✷❜ ◆ ❦❂❢❤❞✕❯ ❣❂❬❭❙✧❩✥✣✖❜

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 24

ÏP❖❘◗ ✍✑✞✎✇✽✼ ✓ ➩▲✁②✇☞➩✻❧❶✞✎✁ ❆ ✩ ✜ ✽✎✫▼✾✛✫✭❄❶✜ ✚✡✱✳✘✛✫▼✵❭✾✛✥✬✘ ◆ ❪❂❬❭❢❤❪❂❬❭❘ ❙✧❯ ❳✧❬✕t ◆ ❲✯❙❱❯■➸✛❫✧✛✝❙❱❯■➸ ❆ ♣ ✫✭✜ ❁❂✘✛✫✯✱✳✦✡✾✛✱▲✥✬✴✎✚✎✚✎✘✺✥✧✱✳❃▲❬✕❁❊✜ ✾❑❙è✶❯❱✐❪è✱✳✴ ♣ ✾■✱❅✾■✽✡✾■❃❉✘ ◆ ❞✕❳✧❥❑❙❑❢❤❬➋❷❂❘ ♠ ♠ ❙✧❬✐❙✧❚❂❯❚✉❂❢❤❞✕❯ ❆ ✜ ❃❉❃✬★✎✘❭P✎★✎✘✺✫✭✜ ✘✛❃✬s✖✢✎✘✛✱❀✫✭✘✛❃❉★✡✩ ✱✳❃ ❆ ✹✌✴ ♣ ✜ ✵✳❄✑✥✬✴✎✚✡✱✳✘✛✚✡✱ ❆ ✱✳✫▼✾■✚✡❃❉✾✛✥✧✱✳✜ ✴✎✚✎❃
slide-5
SLIDE 5

5

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 25

ÏP❖❘◗ ✄☞✍①t❋✓ ✇①t ◆ ❬❭❙✧P ❳✧❯ ❘ ❢❤❚❂❳✧P✧❷❂❳✧❯ ❳✬⑧❂❳✧❞✕❙✎❱❂❯ ❳✬⑧❂P ❙✧❞❀⑦❀❘ ❯ ✉❋P ❳✧⑧❂❙✧P ❙✧❷ ❖◗❢❤P ❸❂❥❑❚❂❞✕❫✺❖◗❢✧❥❑⑧❂❘ ❚❂❙✧❷②❘ ❚❂❯ ❢②❷❤❳✧❯ ❳✧⑧❤❳✧❞✕❙ ◆ ❖◗❢❤P ❸❂❥❑❚❂❞❀❳✧❬❭❙❑❳✧❯ ❢✧❥❑❘ ❖✯❯ t❉❪❤❙✧❞❂❱ ✡✣✢✬✴✠✜✠☞✠✴▲☞☛✜✞✾✠✳☛✴❋■✎✴✣✢ ✪ ✍✏✟✧✓ ■☛✴✣✢ ✪ ✍✏✟❑✌✠✟☛☞✠✴✓✰☛✴✣✢♠✝✠✟ ✪ ✌✯✰✞✟☛✴✠❏❑✜✞✝☛☞☛✍✄✣✌☛✟☛✡✰✢✬✴☛❍✞✴✞✟☛☞ ■✰✢✷✌✎❍✞✜✣✢✘✭✛❀✎✴✯✭❄✖ ✟☛✜☛❍✞✴✑✘✞✜✣✢✬✡✞✭☛✜✣✢✠✓✁✠❃✞✙●✖ ✪ ☞✠✜✠☞✠✴❑✴✞✟✠✝✎❍❞✓✄✂☎✂✠✖✆✂ ✝✴✶✞✂✠✖✆✂ ✝ ☎✟✂✠✖▲✱✠✱☛✱ ✙✗✖ ✾✠✌✎✍▼✰✣✢✬✜✠■✠✭✆✭❋☞✠✴✆✮✞☞●✖ ✘✏✴✣✢✷✌☛✆✞✌✎✴✠❏▲❏✠✜✠☞☛✴●✖ ✌✠✟☛❏✠✴✯✮✲✓✕✟☛✜☛❍✞✴✠✙ ✙

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 26

ÏP❖❘◗ ✄☞✍①t❋✓ ✇①t ❆ ✠ ✚✡✱✳✘✛✢✎✘✺✫✬q ✡ ❏☞☛✜❊❍❏☞☛ ✡✍✌ ❃ ❉☞✎☞✏✑✏❄❏☞☛ ✡✍✌ ❉✧❅✑✒✧❏✧❂ ❉ ❏☞☛ ✡✍✌ ❏☞☛ ✡ ❀✿❅❄■❄❅✎❇✞✓ ✌✕✔ ❏❆■✧❏☞☛ ✡ ❆ ✖ ✩ ✴✎✾✛✱✳✜ ✚✎✢❈✰✡✴✺✜ ✚✡✱➲q ✗ ✏✙✘☞✎ ✡✍✌ ✒✚✘❍❂ ✔ ✏❋❅ ✌ ❇✁❅✑✎☞✏ ❆ ✮✯✘✛✥✬✜ ✹✌✾✛✩✳q ✒❄❅✧●❄❏❆❉☞✎☞✏✎❀✜✛✣✢✜✤✥✓ ❬⑨✵❭✴✎✫✍✦ ❪ ❆ ✮✯✾■✱✳✘▲q ✒✑✎ ✡ ❅ ✌ ✒✑✎ ✡ ❅ ✡ ❏❆❉✧❅ ✌✧✡ ❏❆❉✧❅ ❃ ✡ ✎❋❉✩★ ✌ ✡ ❏❆❉✧❅ ✌ ❊ ❅✑✎✎❇ ❆ ✣✎✱❅✫✭✜ ✚✎✢❀q
  • ☞✪✙✎✎❇✧❀✜✫✥✓
✌✭✬ ✎✎❇
  • ☞✪✙✎✎❇✧❀✜✫✥✓
✌ ✡ ❏☞☛✜❊ ✔ ✏✙✘ ✔✮✌✧✡ ❏☞☛✜❊ ✡ ❅✚✯ ✡✍✌✕✔ ✏✙✘ ✔✰✌✧✡ ❅✚✯ ✡✍✌ ❅✥☛❄❂ ❉ ✌ ❃❆❅ ✡

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 27

ÏP❖❘◗ ✄☞✍①t❋✓ ✇①t ❆ ❛✖✘✛✱❅✫✭✜ ✘✺❁❂✾✛✩✳q ✱✥✲✑✳✑✲✵✴✷✶✹✸✑✺✜✻✽✼ ✤✑✾✣✢ ✸✑✺✜✻✽✼ ✤✑✿ ❀✙❁✵❂☞❃❅❄✜❆✑❇ ✼❈✻❊❉●❋✥✲ ❁ ✲■❍✑❏✑❑ ✤ ✺ ❄ ✺▲❏✑❑ ❂▼❁✙◆ ✲ ❁ ❖✞P ✻✑◗✜❘✣❙✑✻✑❚✑❚✣✺✜❏✑❑ ❆ ✠ ✚✡❃❉✘✛✫▼✱✳✜ ✴✎✚❀q ❯✑❱✑✱✥✲ ❁ ✶ ❄✜❆✑❇ ✼❈✻❲✱✥✲❳✶ ✸✑✺✜✻✽✼ ✤✑✾✑❨✣❩ ❆ ✼❈❬✑✻ ✾✣✢ ✸✑✺✜✻✽✼ ✤✑✿✑❨✣❩ ❆ ✼❭❬✑✻ ✿✣✢❫❪✑❪✑❪ ❆ ✿❀✰ ♣ ✾✛✱✳✘✷q ❴✥❵ ◆✵❛ ✶❜✲ ❄✜❆✑❇ ✼❈✻❲✱✥✲❳✶ ✸✑✺✜✻✽✼ ✤✑✾✑❨✣❩ ❆ ✼❈❬✑✻ ✾✣✢ ✸✑✺✜✻✽✼ ✤✑✿✑❨✣❩ ❆ ✼❈❬✑✻ ✿ ❉●❋✥✲ ❁ ✲■✻✑◗✜❘✣❙✑✻✑❚✑❚✣✺✜❏✑❑ ❆ ✮✯✘✛✩ ✘✛✱✳✘✻✫▼✴✺❏✻q ◆ ✲✑✳✑✲❳✶❜✲ ❀✙❁✵❂☞❃❅❄✜❆✑❇ ✼❈✻❊❉●❋✥✲ ❁ ✲ ✻✑◗✜❘✣❙✑✻✑❚✑❚✣✺✜❏✑❑

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 28

ÏP❖❘◗ ✄☞✍①t❋✓ ✇①t❋❒✽❝✎✠❶✓✕✔✖t ❆ r❍✴✺✜ ✚✤✱✳❏❑✴❈✱✳✾■✽✡✩ ✘✛❃❋✱✳✦✡✾✛✱▲✦✎✾✛❁❂✘☎✾✌✥✧✴✺✹✻✹✌✴✺✚ ❁❂✾✛✩ ★✎✘❭❬⑨●❍✰✎✫✭✴ ♣ ★✡✥✬✱✳●✰❪ ❆ ✘✛✲✐✢✎✲✐s ✸▼✣✆☎✓✣✷❁✆✥ ✳☛✜ ✪ ☞✞✟✎✜☛❍✞✴●✖ ✡✞✌✎☞✯✭❄✱ ✟☛✜☛❍✠✴ ✝✄✞ ✩✠✟ ■☛✴✣✢ ✪ ✍✏✟✗✖ ✡✠✌☛☞✯✭ ✲✰❇▼✣ ✞ ✣✑✡✞✌✎☞✯✭❄✱ ✒✞✌✠■✷✥✏■☛✴✣✢ ✪ ✍✞✟✗✱ ✒✞✌✠■❞✝✴✳✓✸ ✳☛✜ ✪ ☞✞✟☛✜☛❍✞✴✎✥✷✂ ❡✎✍✏✟☛✴ ✪ ✂

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 29

ÏP❖❘◗ ◆ ❢✼❙✧❯✡❷❂❙✧❞✕❖◗❬❭❘ ❪❂❯ ❘ ❢❤❚❋❢❤♠✎❯ ❳✬⑧❂P ❙✎❱ ❝❀ë✳ã⑨Ù✘❞✭í✁✳î✙ó✕Ô Ó✭Û✳â✭ç❅Õ❅Û✳Þ✕Ô Ó✭í✁ æ ç✭Ù ✆❭❣❤❣✝✞ ✳× ë✳ã⑨Ù✘❞✭í❭✐ æ Ù✳Õ✙ó✕Ô Ó❅â✭Õ✭Ù ë✳ã⑨Ù✘❞✭í❭✐èâ✭Õ✭Ù✳ç⑨Ô✐Ø✟✖❅ÕèÙ❭Þ æ â✭Õ❅Û✳Þ▼Ù❍ð ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
❥❧❦ Ø❅Õ❅í✳â ❥ ò✭ã▼×❅Õ ❥▼♠ æ í❅í ❥▼♥ Õ❭ã ❥ Ý✭Õ å Ó æ í✳Þ ❥ ✔❭Ö❅Þ✕Ô Ó ❥ ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
❥ å Ø⑨Ô❭Ù❭Þ✭Û✳Ó❅ë✭Õ ❥ Þ✭Õ✳Ö❅Þ ❥ ❫✠✔✳þ ❥ ❥●♠ ✓✆❨✟❨ ❥ ❥ ❥ í✳Ó▼Ù❭Þ✭Û✳Ó❅ë✭Õ ❥ Þ✭Õ✳Ö❅Þ ❥ ❫✠✔✳þ ❥ ❥●♠ ✓✆❨✟❨ ❥ ❥ ❥ ×✳á✭Ø❅Û✳Þ▼Ù ❥ Ø❅Û✳Þ◗ß✐õ❅õ✳à ❥ ❫✠✔✳þ ❥ ❥●♠ ✓✆❨✟❨ ❥ ❥ ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
  • ✐ô
✆èÔ á❭Ü✕Ù✙Ø❅ÛèÙ✳Õ✳Þ❑ß ö❉ñ ö❅ö①Ù✳Õ❅ç❅à

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 30

ÏP❖❘◗ ❖☞➴☞➩❲✼è✠❶✔✉✓✕✔✖➩▲✁❈✞✐Úè✍☞✇①✁ ✌✎❍✏■✎✍✺✢✬☞ ✟✯✭✏✸✟✷ ☎✎❏✞✾ ✌✎❍✏■✎✍✺✢✬☞ ✟✯✭✏✸✟✷ ☎✎❏✞✾✲✱ ✡✞✝✰✢ ✪ ✍✣✢ ✪ ☞✣✢✘✭❄✹ ❏✞✾✑✥❋✡☛✍✏✟☛✟☛✴✠✡✠☞✺✓✬✭✷✍ ✪ ☞☛✥✷✂ ✰✰✢✬✜✞✟☛❏✠✡✠✴✠✟☛☞✣✢✬✜✞✳✞✂☛✖ ✝ ✪ ✴✣✢✕✥✷✂ ✡ ✪☎♦q♣☎♣ ✱❳✂✠✖❅■☛✜ ✪✠✪✬✫ ❏☛✥✷✂ ✡ ✪r♦❤♣☎♣ ✱❳✂✠✖ ❏✞✾✎✥✷✂ ✰✣✢✬✜✠❏☛✴ ✪ ✂ ✙ ✴✯✮✞✡✠✴✞■☛☞ ✟✯✭✏✸✟✷ ☎✎❏✞✾✲✱✕✣✏✢✠✢✕✍✺✢✰✖❅✴●✹ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✧✵✯✣✞✢✠✢✕✍✺✢✮s✏❏●✹❜s ✪ ✵✮s❊✓✕✴●✱ ✜✣✢✪✰ ✪ ✮ ❃✞✯✗✖✻✴●✱ ✜✣✢✪✰ ✪ ✮ ★✠✯☛✙ ✪ ✭ ✪ ✱ ✴✯✮✏✌☛☞✣✓✬★☛✙ ✡❑✥❋❏✞✾✗✱ ✡✠✝✰✢ ✪ ✍✺✢✞✓➉✙ ✡●✱ ✴✯✮✞✴✠✡✞✝☛☞☛✴✺✓✎✵✎✸▼✣✆☎✯✣✷❁✆✥➴✱✠✱☛✱ ✝✄✞ ✩✠✟❊✱✠✱✠✱✕✵✷✙ ✢✬✴ ✪ ✝✠✳☛☞ ✪ ✥❋✡●✱ ✆✠✴☛☞✠✡✞✭☛✜✞✳✠✳✰✓✕✙ ✚ ✳☛✌ ✪ ☞❑✍✞✆❑☞✠✝✠■✠✳☛✴ ✪ ✡●✱ ✡✞✳✎✍ ✪ ✴✺✓➉✙
slide-6
SLIDE 6

6

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 31

ÏP❖❘◗ ❖☞➴☞➩❲✼è✠❶✔✉✓✕✔✖➩▲✁❈✞✐Úè✍☞✇①✁ ❆ ❛✖✘✛❃❉★✡✩ ✱❅❃②✾✛✫✭✘❑❴⑨★✡❃✬✱▲✱❅★✎✰✎✩ ✘✛❃✬s✖❏❑✜ ✱✳✦✤✵❭✜ ✘✛✩ ♣ ❃②✜ ✚ ✴✺✫ ♣ ✘✛✫✯✴✺✵▲✱✳✾■✽✡✩ ✘ ♣ ✘✛✵❭✜ ✚✎✜ ✱✳✜ ✴✎✚ ❆ ✥✬✾✛✚❈✾✛✩ ❃❉✴❈✵❭✘✛✱❅✥✬✦❈✴✎✚✎✘✻✫✭✴✺❏✒✾✛✱▲✾✻✱❅✜ ✹✌✘✷q ✡●✱ ✴✯✮✞✴✠✡✞✝☛☞☛✴✺✓✎✵✎✸▼✣✆☎✯✣✷❁✆✥✧✆✞✌✏✢ ✪ ☞✞✟☛✜☛❍✠✴●✖ ✳☛✜ ✪ ☞✠✟☛✜✎❍✞✴ ✝✄✞ ✩✠✟ ✪ ☞✞✝☛❏✠✴✞✟☛☞ ✪ ✩ ✞ ✸✬✣ ✞ ✙✪✵ ✳☛✜ ✪ ☞✞✟☛✜☛❍✞✴✏✵✷✙ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✧✵ ✢ ✝✠✳✆✫✣✵ ✫ ✭✠✌✠✳☛✴✔✓✬★✎✙●✹ ✪ ☞✞✝☛❏✠✴✞✟✎☞❑✥❋✡●✱ ✆✠✴✠☞✠✡✞✭✎✍✞✟☛✴✺✓✕✙ ✌☛✆ ✪ ☞✞✝✎❏✠✴✞✟☛☞❑✥☛✥ ✳☛✍✏✟☛✴✗✹✿✾✰✢✬✴✠✜✞❀ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✛✵ ✢ ✳✠✌✆✫✣✵✣✖ ✪ ☞✞✝☛❏☛✴✞✟☛☞●✖ ✪ ☞✞✝☛❏✠✴✞✟☛☞✲✮ ❃✞✯ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✧✵ ✢✄✘ ✝✠✳✆✫✣✵

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 32

❖☞➴☞➩❲✼è✠❶✔✉ÏP❖❘◗ Ð ❦❰✓ ✇①➩❑✓ ✠✌✔✖✍✑✞✎➴ ✇✤❧❶✞✎t✙✠✌✞ ◆ ❛✯❳✧❪❋❬❭❢✧⑦❀❞✙❯ ❢②❷❂❘ ❖◗❯ ❘ ❢❤❚❤❳✧❬✕t☞❙✬P ❙✧❥✟❙✧❚❂❯ ❞❀❘ ❚❂❞✕❯ ❙✧❳✧❷❋❢❤♠ P ❘ ❞✕❯✡❙✧P ❙✬❥❑❙✧❚❂❯ ❞❂❱ ✡●✱ ✡✞✳✎✍ ✪ ✴✺✓➉✙ ✡❑✥❋❏✞✾✗✱ ✡✠✝✰✢ ✪ ✍✺✢✞✓ ✟✓✭✏✸✟✷ ☎✎❏✠✾✗✱ ✡✞✝✰✢ ✪ ✍✺✢ ✪ ✱ ✸✞✌✎✡✠☞✎❁✏✝✰✢ ✪ ✍✺✢✬✙ ✡●✱ ✴✯✮✞✴✠✡✞✝☛☞☛✴✺✓✎✵✎✸▼✣✆☎✯✣✷❁✆✥✧✆✞✌✏✢ ✪ ☞✞✟☛✜☛❍✠✴●✖ ✳☛✜ ✪ ☞✠✟☛✜✎❍✞✴ ✝✄✞ ✩✠✟ ✪ ☞✞✝☛❏✠✴✞✟☛☞ ✪ ✵✷✙ ✢✬✴ ✪ ✝✠✳☛☞ ✪ ✥❋✡●✱ ✆✠✴☛☞✠✡✞✭☛✜✞✳✠✳✰✓✕✙ ✆☛✍✺✢▲✢✕✍ ✫ ✌✠✟✧✢✬✴ ✪ ✝✠✳☛☞ ✪ ✹ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✛✵✁s ✪ ✖❜s ✪ ✵✍s❊✓✎✢✕✍ ✫ ✮✬✵✷✆✠✌✰✢ ✪ ☞✞✟☛✜✎❍✞✴✏✵✎✯✗✖ ✢✕✍ ✫ ✮✬✵✎✳☛✜ ✪ ☞✞✟☛✜☛❍✞✴✰✵✷✯☛✙ ■✰✢✷✌✠✟☛☞✧✵✁s✏❏ ✢✕✍ ✫✣✪ ✫ ✴✣✢✬✴✧✢✬✴✠☞✞✝✰✢✷✟✎✴✠❏✰✵✍s✛✡●✱✕✢✕✍ ✫ ✡☛✍✏✝✠✟☛☞

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 33

Ï☎✁☎✞✎✈❋➧ ✁②➩ ➧⑨✓ Úè✁ ✇①➴☞✇✑➧ ✁ ❆ ❃❉✘✛✫▼❁❂✘✛✫✯✾■✰✎✰✎✩ ✜ ✥✧✾✛✱✳✜ ✴✎✚❈✩ ✴✎✾ ♣ ❃ ✱ ❅✎❇ ✬ ✏❋❅ ✡✚✴ ✏✚✎ ❃❄❃ ❆ ✥✬✫✭✘✺✾✛✱✳✘✛❃②✜ ✚✎❃✬✱✳✾✛✚✡✥✬✘✻❁❂✜ ✾✌✚✡✴ ❤▼✾✛✫✭✢✎❃❋✥✬✴✺✚✡❃❉✱❅✫✭★✡✥✧✱✳✴✎✫ ❆ ❃❉✘✛✫▼❁❂✘✛✫▼❃②✥✧✾■✩ ✩✺❃❉✘✛✫▼❁❊✩ ✘✛✱✁ ❃ ❏☞☛❋❏ ✡ ❀✟✓ ✹✌✘✛✱❅✦✎✴ ♣ ❆ ❃❉✘✛✫▼❁❂✘✛✫✯✥✬✾✛✩ ✩ ❃ ❃❆❅✎❇ ✬ ❏❄●❋❅❚❀ ❙✑✻✄✂ ✢ ❙✑✻✑❚ ✓ ✹✌✘✛✱❅✦✎✴ ♣ ✵❭✴✺✫✙✘✺✾✛✥✬✦❈✫✭✘◗P✡★✎✘✛❃✬✱✻❬✕✴✺✵✳✱❅✘✛✚✎s✖❏❑✜ ✱✳✦ ✥✬✩ ✾■❃✬❃②✚✎✾✛✹✌✘☎✾■❃②✿✿❛❩❜➶❪⑨s✖✰✎✴✺❃✬❃❉✜ ✽✡✩ ❄ ✥✬✴✺✚✡✥✬★✡✫▼✫✭✘✛✚✡✱✳✩ ❄ ❆ ❃❉✘✛✫▼❁❂✘✛✫▼❃②✥✧✾■✩ ✩ ❃ ✒❄❅ ❃ ✡ ❇❳✘❋❊ ❀✟✓ ✴✺✚❈❃✬✦✎★✡✱ ♣ ✴✺❏❑✚

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 34

☎ ➹➨➹ ❖✝✞✎✁✝✆♠❧☞✁②t✙➩▲t③✍①t③t✯✁☎✞✎✈❋➧ ✁②➩▲t ❆ ✗❚❙❯❙❲❱❈✹✌✘✺✱❅✦✎✴ ♣ ❳ ➭ ❙ès❩❱✎✿✐❙✯s❩❱✟✞☞✣✲❙✯s✖✲❭✲✐✲✷➪ ✒✚✘✡✠ ❅ ✡✍✌ ✒✚✘ ❵ ❂ ✡✍✌ ✒✚✘ ❵ ✘❍❃ ✡ ❆ ❃❉★✎✽✡✥✬✩ ✾■❃❉❃❋✴✺✵ ❋✚✡✑✡ ★ ✱ ❅✎❇ ✬ ✏❋❅ ✡ ✴✺❁❂✘✺✫✭✫▼✜ ♣ ✘✛❃ ♣ ✘✛✵❭✾✛★✎✩ ✱▲✜ ✹✌✰✎✩ ✘✺✹✌✘✛✚✡✱❅✾■✱❅✜ ✴✺✚

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 35

Ï☎✁☎✞✎✈❋➧ ✁②➩➫✁②➘✑✍✑✏✒✆✟➧ ✁ ☛ ☞✍✌ ✎ ✏ ✑✓✒ ✔ ✕ ✔ ✖ ☛ ✎✓✖ ✗ ✘ ☛ ☞✍✌ ✎ ✏ ✑✓✒ ✔ ✕ ✔ ✙ ✖ ✚ ✛ ✏ ✕ ✜ ✛ ✑ ✖ ✗ ✘ ☛ ☞✍✌ ✎ ✏ ✑✓✒ ✔ ✕ ✔ ✙ ✖ ✚ ✛ ✏ ✕ ✜ ✛ ✑ ✖ ✢ ✑ ✑ ✌ ✖ ✗ ✘ ✌ ✣ ✤ ✜ ☛ ✥✦✥ ✜ ✔ ✚ ✚★✧✁✛ ✜ ✜ ✎ ✩✪✜ ☛ ✛ ✫ ✑ ✬ ✛ ✏ ✕ ✜ ✛ ✑✭✛ ✙ ✑ ✛ ✫ ✮ ✚✦✧✪✑ ✑ ✌ ✬ ✛ ✏ ✕ ✜ ✛ ✑ ✯ ✌ ✏ ✎ ✑ ✛ ✥ ✑ ✛ ✮✍✕ ✎ ☛ ✮✰✮ ✎ ✱✭✛ ✑ ✲ ✧✪✑ ✑ ✌ ✬ ✛ ✏ ✕ ✜ ✛ ✑ ✳✓✛ ✴ ✣ ✛ ✚ ✑✵✏ ✛ ✴ ✶✁✧✪✑ ✑ ✌ ✬ ✛ ✏ ✕ ✜ ✛ ✑ ✳✓✛ ✚ ✌ ✎ ✫ ✚ ✛✍✏ ✛ ✚ ✷ ✑ ✢ ✏ ✎ ✸✦✚✦✬ ✛ ✏ ✕ ✜ ✛ ✑ ✹ ✙ ✥ ✛ ✌ ✑ ☛ ✎ ✫ ✶✪✺ ✻✼✹ ✙ ✥ ✛ ✌ ✑ ☛ ✎ ✫ ✯ ✏ ✛ ✚ ✖ ✚ ✛ ✑ ✩✓✎ ✫ ✑ ✛ ✫ ✑ ✽✓✾ ✌ ✛ ✲ ✿ ✑ ✛ ✙ ✑ ❀ ✢ ✑ ☞✍✜ ✿ ✷ ✘ ❁ ✏ ☛ ✫ ✑ ❂❃✏ ☛ ✑ ✛ ✏✁✎ ✣ ✑✼❄✡✏ ✛ ✚ ✖ ❅ ✛ ✑ ❂❃✏ ☛ ✑ ✛ ✏ ✲ ✷ ✘ ✎ ✣ ✑ ✖ ✌ ✏ ☛ ✫ ✑ ✜ ✫ ✲ ✿ ❆✵✧✓✽✁❇✦❈ ❉✵❆✵✧✭✹ ❊✭❋✼❉✵❆✪✽✪✺ ✽✁❈ ✹✓❉✭✧✁✛ ✜ ✜ ✎✰✩✪✜ ☛ ✛ ✫ ✑
  • ❆✪❀
✽✪✺ ✽✭❈ ✹✓❉✭✿■❍ ✿ ❆✵✧✭✹ ❊✭❋✼❉✵❆✵❏ ✻✼❋✓❑✵❉✭✧✁✛ ✜ ✜ ✎✰✩✪✜ ☛ ✛ ✫ ✑
  • ❆✪❀
❏ ✻✼❋✓❑✵❉✵❆✵✧✓✽✁❇✦❈ ❉✁✿ ✷ ✘ ✎ ✣ ✑ ✖ ✥ ✜ ✎ ✚ ✛ ✲ ✷ ✘ ▲ ✌ ✣ ✤ ✜ ☛ ✥✦✬ ✑ ✏ ☛ ✫ ❅✰❅ ✛ ✑ ✬ ✛ ✏ ✕ ✜ ✛ ✑ ✺ ✫ ▼ ✎ ✲ ✷ ✯ ✏ ✛ ✑ ✣ ✏ ✫✰✿ ✧✁✛ ✜ ✜ ✎ ✩✪✜ ☛ ✛ ✫ ✑ ✬ ✛ ✏ ✕ ✜ ✛ ✑■◆ ✖ ❖✰✤ ✾✍✬ ✑ ✛ ▼ ✔ ✫◗P ✛ ☛ ❅ ✛ ✏ ✿ ✘ ▲ ▲

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 36

❘❑❥✡➩❑✓ ✁☎✞➷✍✑✞✡✇✽✼ ✓ ➩▲✁②✇☞➩✻❧❶✞✎✁ ❆
  • ◗✥✬✩
✜ ✘✺✚✎✱✬❤⑨❃❉✘✛✫▼❁❂✘✺✫✭●◗s✖●◗✵✳✾✛✱▲✥✬✩ ✜ ✘✛✚✡✱✳● ❆ ✘✛✲✐✢✎✲✐s❙✞①✮❯❚✸✶❰✴✺✚✤✥✬✩ ✜ ✘✺✚✡✱✻❬✠❱✡✶❯❪⑨s✷✾■✥✧✥✬✘✛❃❉❃✬✜ ✚✎✢ ✣✜✛✤❜ ♣ ✾✛✱✳✾■✽✡✾■❃❉✘ ❆ ✽✎★✎❃❉✜ ✚✎✘✛❃✬❃②✩ ✴✺✢✎✜ ✥❋✴✎✚❨❱✎✶ ❆ ❬✠❤☛❪è✱❅✫▼✾■✚✎❃✬✰✎✴✺✫▼✱ ♣ ✾■✱❅✾✻✾■✥✧✫✭✴✎❃❉❃②✚✎✘✺✱❅❏❑✴✺✫✼❱ ❆ ❬✠❤☛❪è✚✎✘✛✘ ♣ ✾■✰✎✰✎✩ ✜ ✥✧✾✛✱✳✜ ✴✎✚✎❃②✵✳✴✺✫✙✘✺✾■✥✧✦❈✰✎✩ ✾✛✱❅✵❭✴✺✫▼✹ ❆ ❬✠❤☛❪è✚✎✘✛✘ ♣ ✱✳✴☎★✎✰ ♣ ✾✛✱✳✘✻✾■✰✡✰✎✩ ✜ ✥✧✾■✱❅✜ ✴✎✚✎❃②✴✺✚✤✹✻✾■✚✡❄ ♣ ✘✛❃✰❱❊✱✳✴✺✰✡❃
slide-7
SLIDE 7

7

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 37

✔❩❥✡➩❑✓ ✁❈✞➷✍✑✞✎✇✽✼ ✓ ➩▲✁❋✇①➩✻❧✌✞✎✁

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 38

✔❩❥✡➩❑✓ ✁❈✞➷✍✑✞✎✇✽✼ ✓ ➩▲✁❋✇①➩✻❧✌✞✎✁ ◆ ❖◗P ❘ ❙✧❚❂❯✡❯ ❘ ❙✧❬❍❱ ❹ ➃ ❻✕➅✭❻◗↔ ➝⑨❻✕❼➋➄❍❼❅❻✕➃❊❻◗➝▼❻◗➐❍➂ ❼➋➇ ▼❻◗➔⑨➛◗➏❍❽✕➃ ➆❍→✬➍✷➏❍➄❍❼✳❻◗➌ ❹ ➑❍➃ ❻✕❼❅❻◗➐❍➂ ❽✕➂ ↔ ➏❍➐❀➏◗➣❤➆❍❽✕➂ ❽ ❹ ➄❍❼❅❻◗➃❊↔ ➐❍➂ ❻✕➃ ➣ ❽✕➅❅❻ ❹ ❻❊➥ ➒■➥ →✂✁❭❽✕➝⑨❽✷❽✕➑❍➑■➓ ❻◗➂ ❼❅→✬❺✡❻◗➛▲➛❍➃ ➏◗❺✡❼✳❻◗➃ →✬➂ ➎❍↔ ➐❀➅❉➓ ↔ ❻◗➐❍➂ ❽✕➑❍➑■➓ ↔ ➅✭❽✕➂ ↔ ➏❍➐ ◆ ❳✧❪❂❪❂P ❘ ❖◗❳✧❯ ❘ ❢❤❚❂❝❭❞✕❙✧❬❭❨❉❙✧❬✼❯ ❘ ❙✧❬❍❱ ❹ ➼✐➛❍➄❍❼❅↔ ➐❍❻◗❼❅❼✙➓ ➏❍➒❍↔ ➅❅➼❯Ô ❽✕➅✭➂ ➄❍❽❂➓❭➆❍❽✕➂ ❽✷➑❍➃ ➏❍➅❅❻◗❼❅❼✳↔ ➐❍➒❍→ ❽❂➓ ➒❍➏❍➃ ↔ ➂ ➎❍➍✷❼ ❹ ➅✭❽✕➐❀➛❍❻▲➅❅➏❍➍✷➑◗➏❍➐❍❻◗➐❍➂ ➜ ➛❍❽✕❼✳❻◗➆❀➇ ✁❭❽✕➝⑨❽✟➟✳❻◗❽✕➐❍❼❅➌

2-May-02 AdvancedProgramming Spring2002 39

✔❩❥✡➩❑✓ ✁❈✞➷✍✑✞✎✇✽✼ ✓ ➩▲✁❋✇①➩✻❧✌✞✎✁ ◆ ❙✼❳✧❯ ❳✧❝❭❞✕❙✧❬❭❨❉❙✧❬✼❯ ❘ ❙✧❬ ❹ ➆❍❽✕➂ ❽✷❼❅➂ ➏❍➃ ❽✕➒◗❻ ❹ ➃ ❻❊➓ ❽✕➂ ↔ ➏❍➐❍❽❂➓❭❽✕➐❍➆②➓ ❻◗➒❍❽✕➅✭➔✸➆❍❽✕➂ ❽✕➛❍❽✕❼❅❻◗❼ ◆ ❳✧P P❤❯ ❘ ❙✧❬❭❞✙❖◗❢❤❸❂P ❷❋❬❭❸❂❚②❢❤❚❋❞✕❳✬❥❑❙✟❥❑❳✧❖✏✉❤❘ ❚❂❙✧❫✺⑧❂❸❂❯ ❸❂❞✕❸❂❳✧P P t☞❞⑨❙✧❪❂❳✧❬✐❳✧❯ ❙✧❷ ❹ ➺❍➻❉➻✺➁✎➇ ➏◗➃■❾❍❿✛➀✎➁❭➌✛➣ ➃ ➏❍➍☎➅✬➓ ↔ ❻◗➐❍➂❤➂ ➏▲❼✳❻◗➃ ➝▼❻✕➃ ❹ ✄✬➏◗➃ ➛❍❽✷➏◗➃■❾❍❿✛➀✎➁✺➏◗➃■➃ ❻◗➍✖➏❍➂ ❻✕➜ ❾✆☎✷➊■➛❍❻◗➂ ❺✎❻◗❻✕➐❀❼❅❻✕➃ ➝⑨❻✕➃ ➂ ↔ ❻✕➃ ❼ ◆ ❧✛❷❂❨❉❳✬❚❂❯ ❳✧❣❂❙✧❞❤❱ ❹ ↔ ➐❍➆❍❻◗➑❍❻◗➐❍➆◗❻◗➐❍➂❤➏❍➣❤❼✳➂ ➏◗➃ ❽✕➒❍❻▲➍✖➏❍➆◗❻❊➓ ❹ ❼❅↔ ➍✷➑■➓ ❻◗➃■❽✕➄❍➂ ➎❍❻◗➐❍➂ ↔ ➅✭❽✕➂ ↔ ➏❍➐❀➂ ➏▲➆❍❽✕➂ ❽✕➛❍❽✕❼❅❻