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OSHA Standards
WWW.OSHA.GOV
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1 OSHA Standards WWW.OSHA.GOV 2 OSHA base 1926.21 B (2) The - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
1 OSHA Standards WWW.OSHA.GOV 2 OSHA base 1926.21 B (2) The - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
1 OSHA Standards WWW.OSHA.GOV 2 OSHA base 1926.21 B (2) The employer shall instruct each employee in the recognition & avoidance of unsafe conditions & the regulations applicable to his work environment to control or eliminate any
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OSHA base 1926.21 B (2)
The employer shall instruct each employee in the recognition & avoidance of unsafe conditions & the regulations applicable to his work environment to control or eliminate any hazards or other exposure to illness or injury.
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OSHA Standards
- OSHA STANDARDS ARE
MINIMUM, NOT MAXIMUM STANDARDS
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Cave Ins
- 50-100 DEATHS EACH
YEAR NATIONWIDE
- ONE CUBIC FOOT OF
DIRT WEIGHS FROM 80- 120 LBS..
- A CUBIC YARD OF DIRT
CAN WEIGH AS MUCH AS A SMALL PICK UP TRUCK
- MOST DEATHS OCCUR IN
TRENCHES LESS THAN 15’ DEEP
- 60% ARE WOULD BE
RESCUERS
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Trench Emergency Plan
- Think
- Implement plan
- Don’t jump in
- Equipment off
- Call 911
- Stay back
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Competent Person
As applied to excavations the CP must:
- Be knowledgeable about the
excavations standard
- Be capable of identifying hazards
- Have the authority to take immediate
action
- Know how to classify soil type
- Know how to select and use shoring,
shields, and/or sloping
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Who’s Competent?
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“For every complex problem there’s a simple solution, and its always wrong.”
- H.L. Mencken (1880 – 1956)
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Utility Support
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Utility Support
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Locating Utility Lines
- (1) AN EMPLOYER SHALL NOT EXCAVATE…WITHOUT
HAVING FIRST ASCERTAINED THE LOCATION OF ALL UNDERGROUND FACILITIES…IN THE PROPOSED AREA OF EXCAVATION.
- (2) …AN EMPLOYER SHALL EXERCISE REASONABLE
CARE WHEN WORKING IN CLOSE PROXIMITY... IF THE FACILITIES ARE TO BE EXPOSED, OR ARE LIKELY TO BE EXPOSED, ONLY HAND DIGGING SHALL BE EMPLOYED…
- (3) WHEN ANY CONTACT WITH OR DAMAGE TO
ANY PIPE, CABLE, OR ITS PROTECTIVE COATING…THE PUBLIC UTILITY SHALL BE NOTIFIED IMMEDIATELY...
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Bulldozer vs. Gas Main
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Utility Support
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Utility Support
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Overhead Power Lines
Maintain 10-foot clearance from power lines up to 50,000 volts and add 4 inches more for each additional 10,000 volts!
- Min. 10
feet
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Water Accumulation
- Employees are not allowed to work
where there is water accumulation unless it is controlled
- Natural drainage and water run-off
should be controlled
- Water removal equipment monitored by
a competent person
- Trench inspection after rainstorms
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Water Accumulation
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Water Accumulation
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Water Accumulation
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Inspections – Worker Exposure
- Daily – prior to work
- As needed during work
- After rainstorm or other hazard increasing
- ccurrence
- Where hazards are identified corrective
action must be implemented.
- Always document inspections.
Excavations, adjacent areas, and protective systems must be inspected by a competent person:
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Stability of Adjacent Structures
- OBSTRUCTIONS
WHOSE MOVEMENT COULD CAUSE INJURY TO AN EMPLOYEE SHALL BE REMOVED OR SUPPORTED.
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Minimum 2-feet back
Spoil, tools, pumps, etc. must be set back at least 2 feet from the edge of the trench.
Spoil Pile
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Adjacent Area & Spoil Pile
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Access & Egress
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Hot tub?
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Ladders
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Ladder Problems
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Ladders
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Ramps
- EARTH RAMP MAY BE
USED IN PLACE OF A LADDER IF:
- THE MATERIAL IS
STABLE
- THE SIDES ARE SLOPED
PROPERLY
- THE ANGLE IS NOT
MORE THAN 45 DEGREES
- THE FIRST STEP IS NO
MORE THAN 30 INCHES
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Confined Space
- AN ENCLOSED SPACE
WITH:
- (1) LIMITED MEANS OF
ENTRY AND EXIT
- (2) LARGE ENOUGH FOR A
PERSON TO ENTER
- (3) NOT DESIGNED FOR
CONTINUOUS EMPLOYEE OCCUPANCY
- (4) POTENTIAL FOR
HAZARDS
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Cause of Death in Confined Space
- 56% Atmospheric
- 34% Engulfment
- 10% Other
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Other
Cause of Death in Confined Space
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Surcharge loads
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Soil Type ?
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Soil Type ?
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Soil Type ?
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Protective Systems
Shoring Shields Sloping
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“WHEN THE ONLY TOOL YOU HAVE IS A HAMMER, EVERYTHING STARTS TO LOOK LIKE A NAIL” MASLOW
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Sloping
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Type B Maximum Depth 20’
Sloping
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Sloping
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Trench Shields
- AN EMPLOYEE SHALL
NOT BE ALLOWED IN SHIELDS WHEN SHIELDS ARE BEING INSTALLED, REMOVED, OR MOVED.
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Trench Box Rules
- TRENCH BOXES CAN HANG
UP 2’ ABOVE THE BOTTOM OF THE TRENCH AS LONG AS:
- (1) THE BOX IS DESIGNED
TO RESIST FORCES TO THE FULL DEPTH OF THE TRENCH AND
- (2) THERE ARE NO
INDICATIONS OF LOSS OF SOIL FROM BEHIND OR BELOW THE BOTTOM OF TRENCH
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Trench Box Rules
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Slings
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WOOD SHORING - IN INDIA
Appendix C, Timber Shoring
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Colombia Colombia
Wood Shoring
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Vertical Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring
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Other types of shoring
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What is wrong with this trench?
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- At least he’s
wearing a hard hat
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What is wrong with this trench?
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Your Responsibility
- “THINKING IS
THE HARDEST JOB IN THE WORLD, THAT’S WHY SO FEW PEOPLE DO IT”
HENRY FORD
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