1 ESPA: To provide new knowledge demonstrating how ecosystem - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1

ESPA:

• To provide new knowledge demonstrating how ecosystem

services can reduce poverty and enhance well-being for the world’s poor ASSETS:

• To quantify the linkages between ecosystem services that

affect – and are affected by – food security and nutritional status for the rural poor at the forest-agricultural interface

Individual Household Community Country Data types and methods Household survey Food diaries PRA exercises Biophysical data (secondary)

Collecting different data at different scales

Scenario workshops Socio-economic data (secondary)

ABMs integrate HH survey and PRA data to model farmer decision- making

• 3 types of HH, each with different decision-making patterns,

helps account for heterogeneity within communities. Challenges:

• Capturing system heterogeneity - scaling up beyond the

community

• Managing complexity
• Developing ‘cognitive agents’
• Validation of ABMs
• Presenting results
• Integration with

biophysical data

• Household survey of

consumers (300)

• Survey of transporters (200)
• Survey of market sellers

(50)

• Rapid community surveys

(45 villages)

• RRA exercises and

interviews in 3 communities

• Key informant interviews
• Observational studies (of

markets and transporters)

Harriet Smith

http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_forests/de forestation/forest_illegal_logging/

• We may not be able to engage with them formally or

constructively, but cannot ignore them

• Need to understand political ecology of social-ecological

systems

• ‘Concept of fit’ (Young, 2002, in Herrfahrdt-Pähle, 2014) –

better fit between social and ecological systems increases effectiveness of NR management – Spatial fit: matching resource boundaries and institutional regimes governing them – Functional fit: between ecosystems and resource use mechanisms – Dynamic fit: ability of institutions to keep pace with environmental change

• Landscapes as the answer?
• But scale is a social construct (Zulu, 2009)

– Determined by politics and power

• Ultimately the need for ESPA-type projects arises

because of natural resource governance failures

• But ASSETS’ main research methods are not good at

uncovering governance issues – HH surveys can capture membership and attendance but not active participation in decision-making – PRA can describe the theoretical state of affairs but rarely uncovers the real state of affairs

• Possible additional methods:

– Observation – Individual (anonymous) interviews – Ethnographic studies

• Integrating across scales and disciplines is essential
• Requires a suite of mixed methods
• Need to provide messages appropriate to the scale of
• ur different target audiences
• Don’t forget governance – both formal and informal

12

This presentation was as pr produ duced by by ASSETS ETS (N (NE-J00 002267 2267-1), funded wi with suppo pport fro from the he Ecos

• sys

ystem Ser ervices es fo for Po Poverty Alle llevia iatio ion Prog

• gramm

mme (ES ESPA). The ES ESPA prog

• gramm

mme is is funded by by the he Depar artmen ent fo for International Dev evel elopmen ent (DF DFID) D), the Econ

• nomi

mic an and So Social Resear earch Council (ESRC) RC) an and the Nat atural al Environment Res esea earch Council (NER ERC), as as pa part of

• f the UK

UK’s Liv ivin ing wi with Environmental Chan ange Prog

• gramm

mme (LWEC). The view ews expres essed ed her ere ar are tho hose of

• f the

he aut uthors an and do do no not nec ecessar arily represen ent tho hose of

• f the

he funders, s, the he ESPA Prog

• gramm

mme, the he ESPA Direc ectorate, e, or

• r LWEC

EC.

References

• Herrfahrdt-Pähle, E. 2014. Applying the concept of fit to water governance

reforms in South Africa. Ecology and Society 19(1):25.

• Zulu, L.C. 2009. Politics of scale and community-based forest management in

southern Malawi. Geoforum 40: 686-699.

13