1/28/2020 High Efficiency & Reliable Fans for Ammonia - - PDF document

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1/28/2020 High Efficiency & Reliable Fans for Ammonia - - PDF document

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1/28/2020 High Efficiency & Reliable Fans for Ammonia Refrigeration Application Why do we need a fan? What type of fan should I select and use? How to select the right fan for my application? Presented by: Joachim Dietle

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High Efficiency & Reliable Fans for Ammonia Refrigeration Application

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Presented by: Joachim Dietle ZIEHL-ABEGG SE joachim.dietle@ziehl-abegg.de Vikas Kundra ZIEHL-ABEGG INDIA PVT LTD. vikas.kundra@ziehl-abegg.in

 Why do we need a fan?  What type of fan should I select and use?  How to select the right fan for my application?  How to install the fans properly so as to get the optimal

performance?

 Q&A session

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Fan move air ventilation heating drying cooling heat transfer air exchange humidity

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Centrifugal

 pressure

Mix Flow Axial  air flow

fan theory Cordier-Diagram 5

 Air Flow  Static Pressure  Power Supply  Application  Mounting of the fan with air flow direction  Ambient Operating Temperature  Special conditions, if any

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BP… duty point is intersection of resistance curve (of application) and fan curve Please note: Power and efficiency are not constant! Name plate data are „worst case“, means taken at maximum power.

24 Jan 2020 AAR ARCON 2020 RAMADA, Navi Mumbai Air flow volume Efficiency Power

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7

Sound Power data is a constant figure. Sound Pressure is a variable figure that depends on the distance.

24 Jan 2020 AAR ARCON 2020 RAMADA, Navi Mumbai Air flow volume 8 24 Jan 2020 AAR ARCON 2020 RAMADA, Navi Mumbai

1m 10m sound pressure = immersion (what you hear or measure) depend on

  • distance
  • direction
  • transmission
  • reflections

sound d power = emission 10m Sound pressure or acoustic pressure is the local pressure deviation from the ambient pressure, caused by a sound wave

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air flow dire recti tion: : V blowing over the stator air flow

  • w direc

recti tion

  • n:

: A sucking over the stator

stator stator rotor rotor terminals terminals

Definition of Air Flow

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Volume of the fluid which passes the cross-section A with a mean flow velocity c qV = = A . c Variable: qV (old: ) Units: 1 = 1 = 0.589 cfm

V  cross-section A

h m³ s m³ 3600 1 h m³ mean flow velocity c t V Definition (ISO 5801)

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Static c pressu sure ps (DIN 24163: pst) Pressure measured at point which is not influenced by the air flow direction.

Dynamic c press ssure pd Stagnation pressure in front of an obstacle in air flow direction. Depends on flow velocity c and fluid density ρ:

Total press ssure p (DIN 24163: pt) = Static pressure ps + dynamic pressure pd

Units: 1 Pa = 1 N/m² 100,000 Pa = 1 bar

2 d

c 2 ρ p 

Pitot static probe: pd = p - ps

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V q d p st p P P

L fan

       ) ( 1  

Pfan … Electrical Power of fan … total efficiency of fan in duty point PL … air power of fan qv… air flow ~ mass flow: transport of energy! ∆pst … static pressure losses: routing of air flow, heat exchanger, filter,… ∆pd … dynamic pressure losses: air velocity

Airflow is needed or given! For best system efficiency:

  • Reduce static pressure
  • Reduce dynamic pressure
  • Increase efficiency of fan
  • Adapt air flow to demand

Fan power demand

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 How do we specify?

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Fan power power density specification size invest acoustics efficiency temperature heat transfer LCC life time

 Engineering design

  • structural finite element

method analysis

  • moldflow simulation

 Tests under laboratory

conditions

  • shock test
  • vibration level

investigations

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 shock test acc DIN EN 60068-2-27  shock test acc DIN EN 60068-2-27

at -40°C acc to DIN EN 60068-2-1

 shock in two directions

(axial/radial)

  • shock amplitude 15 g
  • shock duration 11 ms

 shock tests passed at 22°C  shock tests passed at -40°C

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 Durability tests under

  • normal outdoor exposure
  • extreme outdoor exposure at

Schilthorn (2997 m SL / -30°C to +25°C)

 test for at least 17500 h (2 years

non-stop operation)

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Efficient = Low Power Consumption Silent = Low Noise level Reliable = Long Life Economical = Lowest Life Cycle Cost

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Lifetime of a fan depend mainly on operation conditions!

  • Regular inspection, if necessary with cleaning, is

necessary to prevent imbalance due to ingress of dirt.

  • Take note of abnormal operating noise!
  • Watch out for vibration free motion!
  • If a fan is stationary for long periods in a humid

atmosphere, it should be switched ON for minimum of two hours every month to remove any moisture.

  • Ball-bearings service life (approx. 30.000-40.000 h )
  • Please consult our service department with regard to

changing the bearing as for all other damage

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Proper Installation of a Fan is very critical to achieve the most optimal performance of the fan Factors include:

  • Inlet cone usage and type
  • Tip Clearance

Guidelines to be followed are presented in the next few slides

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rotor stator

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Price +++ ++ Aerodynamic Very good Standard Acoustic Very good Standard Blade position Inside In - & outside

Full Bell Mouth Short Bell Mouth

Airflow direction

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Air Performance 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 qV [m3/h] pfa [Pa]

FN050 1~ 6pol Full Bell Mouth FN050 1~ 6pol Short Bell Mouth ZN050 1~ 6pol ZAplus

more air flow  better cooling

500mm 1~6pol short bell mouth 500mm 1~6pol full bell mouth 500mm 1~6pol optimized cone

more pressure  more safety

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Power Demand 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 qV [m3/h] PM [W]

FN050 1~ 6pol Full Bell Mouth FN050 1~ 6pol Short Bell Mouth ZN050 1~ 6pol ZAplus

safe energy! 3,5% 4 %

500mm 1~6pol short bell mouth 500mm 1~6pol full bell mouth 500mm 1~6pol optimized cone

24 Jan 2020 AAR ARCON 2020 RAMADA, Navi Mumbai 24 Sound Power (pressure side) 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 qV [m3/h] LW DS [dB(A)]

FN050 1~ 6pol Full Bell Mouth FN050 1~ 6pol Short Bell Mouth ZN050 1~ 6pol ZAplus

less noise! 5 dB 2 dB

500mm 1~6pol short bell mouth 500mm 1~6pol full bell mouth 500mm 1~6pol optimized cone

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Blowing or sucking?

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blowing sucking Blowing or sucking?

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blowing sucking tube in evaporator Each tube in evaporator need same amount of energy (heat) to evaporate the refrigerant. Means average air velocity over tube length should be the same! If not point of evaporation isn’t constant. v

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Not only is the proper Installation of a Fan critical but the Installation of the unit itself is very important to achieve the desired performance Factors include:

  • Space / Clearance after/ before the unit

Guidelines to be followed are presented in the next few slides

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air flow

Advantage Fan on the cold side Disadvantage Cone-sharped air jet  Circular stream thru coil  particular utilization of coil Application

  • heating
  • gas cooler or condenser with

high temperature

Coil heat up air (heater / condenser)

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air flow

Advantage Low-pressure area  differential pressure over coil  maximum utilization of coil Disadvantage Fan on the warm side (if coil heat) Application

  • condenser
  • evaporator
  • chiller
  • heatpump

coil Low-pressure area

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Airflowdirection „A“ free air flow into fan, mounted upstream of coil Airflowdirection „V“ free blowing, fan mounted downstream of coil

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EC Motor can be used to increase the efficiency of the fan. EC Motor has inbuilt speed controller so you need not invest in an external VSD ROI compared to a conventional AC Motor fan is about 2 years, depending on operating conditions.

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EC motor = Electronically Commutated motor EC motors are… …brushless DC motors, electronically commutated …permanent magnet motors …synchronous motors …speed controlled by an EC controller

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contact magnets cooling rotor stator and winding cooling Electronic controller

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Water – Dust – Dirt !

Dust Water Field test Agriculture

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Fan demands

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  • High air flow volume

 air velocity for homogeneous temperature

  • Pressure rise

 system and process

  • High power
  • High efficiency

 reduce heat up in cold room

  • Low temperatures
  • High reliability

Customized Fans

Cold room fans

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For cold room applications permanently running under -25°C,

  • ptimize fans, especially the motor.
  • Suitable Material used
  • Bearings

Process is relevant for reliable operation!

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Process and ice built up

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Reducing air temperatures humidity in air will condensate. Most on cold surfaces mainly evaporator fins.

  • avoid humidity coming in
  • double door
  • curtain or air curtain
  • no leakage
  • do not dry out the goods
  • ptimize de-frosting

Process is relevant for reliable operation!

Take care of ambient conditions

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Fans are running in out door conditions, so check

  • Maximum temperature
  • Minimum temperature
  • Rain
  • Wind
  • Avoid shock and vibration by

shipping and operation Mainly ambient conditions are relevant for reliable operation!  Select the right fan

  • maximum value for your customer

 Take care of a perfect built-in situation  Take care of the complete system

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