1 1 1 employment to population ratio 1999 2000 2001 2002
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1.1.1 Employment-to-Population Ratio (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N 37.20 35.30 37.00 37.20 37.60 Egypt N 40.97 38.23 26.65 43.95 41.09 42.55 Morocco N 45.96 45.13 45.16

  1. 1.1.5 Rural Employment-to-Population Ratio (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 58.31 56.25 56.23 58.95 59.33 58.52 58.25 57.41 56.61 56.12 56.15 Tunisia ... N Benin W 76.60 82.30 78.50 Burkina Faso W 91.04 92.48 81.62 Cape Verde W 63.47 53.07 56.03 49.26 47.55 60.77 52.08 52.46 Guinea Bissau W 63.00 Liberia W 73.20 Mali W 46.00 79.13 65.17 Mauritania W 34.20 39.21 39.56 Niger W 55.35 39.30 Nigeria W 33.70 13.80 53.50 43.70 51.20 41.80 Senegal W 43.59 49.52 47.01 Cameroon 77.10 84.50 89.50 82.50 M Ethiopia E 79.40 86.30 Mauritius E 56.40 57.50 61.10 57.90 57.40 57.70 57.20 58.30 58.10 58.80 Tanzania E 90.40 91.30 Uganda E 75.60 79.90 85.20 92.20 Zambia E 93.41 74.58 78.30 Namibia S 61.64 54.84 34.73 South Africa 29.90 28.08 26.25 S 1.2.5 Rural Unemployment rate (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco 5.27 4.67 4.04 3.59 3.29 3.78 3.86 4.03 4.25 4.18 4.13 N Tunisia N ... Benin W 0.80 0.20 0.50 Burkina Faso W 0.78 1.13 9.93 Cape Verde W 5.43 11.92 16.61 13.80 14.07 8.95 9.16 8.35 Guinea Bissau W 8.00 Liberia W 2.30 Mali W 6.80 5.92 4.69 Mauritania W 29.61 31.12 Niger W 2.30 2.30 Nigeria W 12.60 12.60 10.60 15.90 19.80 20.70 Senegal 10.31 6.34 W Cameroon M 2.30 2.00 0.70 1.60 Ethiopia E 5.20 2.80 Mauritius E 9.18 8.36 6.00 8.73 9.97 9.32 8.90 7.36 7.54 8.00 Tanzania E 2.40 1.70 Uganda E 0.50 1.80 1.20 2.50 Zambia E 1.01 2.87 3.50 Namibia 17.73 21.15 47.02 S South Africa S 27.85 27.31 27.90

  2. 1.3.1 Youth Not in Education Not in Employment, 15-24 years (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 36.25 36.35 35.83 33.07 34.58 35.68 32.76 35.79 35.83 32.51 31.42 Tunisia ... N Benin W 8.80 6.50 3.90 Burkina Faso W 11.43 9.74 17.22 Cape Verde W 26.27 36.22 31.66 41.84 28.46 28.76 31.26 36.01 Guinea Bissau W 20.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 21.80 11.19 11.14 Mauritania W 45.63 44.40 Niger W 23.10 45.20 Nigeria W 30.70 41.50 19.90 5.00 7.10 12.20 Senegal W 51.97 43.23 Cameroon 17.90 10.10 8.00 10.80 M Ethiopia E ... Mauritius E 32.10 28.60 26.00 26.00 26.40 23.00 21.60 19.40 20.10 19.80 Tanzania E 12.10 9.00 Uganda E 15.70 10.10 8.30 7.30 Zambia E 13.34 20.83 9.64 22.08 15.50 Namibia S ... South Africa 38.60 36.44 38.45 38.23 39.95 S 1.5.1 Youth Unemployment Rate, 15-24 years (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N 47.76 31.08 24.30 27.41 23.81 21.30 21.50 Egypt N 27.70 27.10 34.08 29.87 24.80 Morocco 19.61 18.53 17.14 16.37 16.65 17.01 16.56 17.20 18.25 17.95 17.57 N Tunisia N 30.68 27.65 27.88 28.39 30.90 29.40 Benin W 3.80 1.50 2.00 Burkina Faso W 4.58 6.44 16.43 Cape Verde W 17.18 28.40 38.53 25.84 30.92 24.97 25.54 21.64 Guinea Bissau W 6.00 Liberia W 6.10 Mali W 12.57 15.03 10.86 Mauritania W 64.46 53.24 Niger W 4.50 2.30 Nigeria W 34.20 20.50 17.30 30.40 23.40 25.20 Senegal 19.09 14.81 W Cameroon M 14.40 7.60 4.50 6.40 Ethiopia E 11.00 7.40 Mauritius E 27.70 25.90 17.30 24.90 26.00 23.20 24.60 19.10 21.50 23.50 Tanzania E 8.90 8.80 Uganda E 1.40 6.30 3.10 3.80 Zambia E 10.15 16.16 4.44 21.12 14.00 Namibia 42.04 41.60 58.90 S South Africa S 46.66 46.48 45.53 48.06 50.53

  3. 1.3.2 Youth Male Not in Education Not in Employment, 15-24 years (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 17.20 16.01 14.99 13.93 15.92 17.36 13.74 17.32 17.36 13.55 12.50 Tunisia ... N Benin W 7.10 2.60 2.90 Burkina Faso W 6.11 4.50 10.98 Cape Verde W 20.94 34.24 28.22 37.27 26.56 25.59 30.65 33.22 Guinea Bissau W 23.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 12.30 4.86 7.84 Mauritania W 32.44 28.21 Niger W 12.14 38.30 Nigeria W 28.70 37.50 18.70 5.10 7.20 11.90 Senegal W 36.60 23.80 Cameroon 13.00 6.40 4.30 4.70 M Ethiopia E ... Mauritius E 21.00 18.70 13.90 16.20 15.90 13.80 14.70 12.20 13.60 14.20 Tanzania E 10.40 6.70 Uganda E 11.50 6.00 4.70 4.10 Zambia E 12.87 14.94 5.19 17.19 11.90 Namibia S ... South Africa 33.54 31.53 34.42 34.94 36.34 S 1.5.2 Youth Male Unemployment Rate, 15-24 years (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N 19.00 18.60 Egypt N 19.15 21.39 23.30 20.57 17.16 Morocco 21.12 19.31 17.44 16.83 17.40 17.85 17.53 17.85 19.06 18.55 18.09 N Tunisia N 31.35 Benin W 3.00 1.40 1.40 Burkina Faso W 4.07 4.54 13.73 Cape Verde W 13.87 26.44 34.20 19.99 27.50 21.15 25.01 18.74 Guinea Bissau W 7.00 Liberia W 4.00 Mali W 12.01 16.51 7.79 Mauritania W 57.94 44.08 Niger W 5.50 4.40 Nigeria W 33.70 20.20 18.20 30.00 23.40 25.90 Senegal 16.81 11.92 W Cameroon M 16.40 7.30 4.10 5.30 Ethiopia E 6.10 3.90 Mauritius E 26.60 23.90 14.00 21.20 20.60 18.20 20.10 15.00 18.10 19.20 Tanzania E 8.00 7.40 Uganda E 1.80 4.50 2.50 3.30 Zambia E 13.08 16.97 4.19 22.86 14.90 Namibia 40.02 36.53 54.54 S South Africa S 41.46 41.12 41.44 44.54 47.20

  4. 1.3.3 Youth Female Not in Education Not in Employment, 15-24 years (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 55.41 56.94 57.06 52.70 52.94 53.72 51.52 54.17 54.35 51.66 50.65 Tunisia ... N Benin W 10.30 10.00 5.10 Burkina Faso W 16.22 14.31 22.32 Cape Verde W 31.52 38.31 35.13 46.59 30.45 32.00 31.87 38.90 Guinea Bissau W 18.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 28.90 15.62 13.86 Mauritania W 57.45 57.63 Niger W 42.00 53.50 Nigeria W 31.30 41.10 21.40 5.00 7.00 12.00 Senegal W 65.32 60.08 Cameroon 22.40 13.50 11.40 16.00 M Ethiopia E ... Mauritius E 43.60 38.80 38.50 36.20 37.40 32.70 28.80 27.10 26.90 25.70 Tanzania E 13.80 11.10 Uganda E 20.00 13.70 11.50 9.90 Zambia E 13.88 25.88 13.74 26.67 19.00 Namibia S ... South Africa 43.23 40.90 42.18 41.29 43.39 S 1.5.3 Youth Female Unemployment Rate, 15-24 years (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N 34.60 37.40 Egypt N 51.10 40.05 62.19 55.17 47.89 Morocco 15.76 16.15 16.24 15.13 14.87 14.90 14.12 15.51 16.10 16.23 16.10 N Tunisia N 29.32 Benin W 4.40 1.60 2.50 Burkina Faso W 5.06 8.16 18.61 Cape Verde W 21.31 31.40 43.88 33.97 36.18 30.03 26.28 25.57 Guinea Bissau W 5.00 Liberia W 8.00 Mali W 13.21 14.00 14.54 Mauritania W 73.48 66.66 Niger W 3.70 0.80 Nigeria W 32.70 19.60 16.00 30.90 23.30 26.00 Senegal 22.07 20.11 W Cameroon M 12.50 7.90 4.90 7.50 Ethiopia E 16.10 10.70 Mauritius E 29.80 29.40 23.00 30.90 34.40 30.80 31.30 25.10 26.50 29.40 Tanzania E 9.80 10.10 Uganda E 0.70 7.70 3.60 4.20 Zambia E 7.50 15.51 4.68 19.64 13.10 Namibia 43.99 47.07 63.71 S South Africa S 52.28 52.84 50.46 52.35 54.65

  5. 1.3.4 Urban Youth Not in Education Not in Employment, 15-24 years (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 36.42 35.01 34.32 32.57 35.16 35.62 30.79 35.06 34.79 28.84 27.81 Tunisia ... N Benin W 11.80 5.10 4.70 Burkina Faso W 27.32 25.88 18.76 Cape Verde W 26.13 42.47 32.25 46.72 25.19 30.58 30.75 36.05 Guinea Bissau W 17.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 10.30 8.80 9.13 Mauritania W 39.94 40.40 Niger W 30.80 31.70 Nigeria W 21.30 33.30 9.30 6.60 9.00 9.40 Senegal W 47.45 35.06 Cameroon 24.50 15.30 15.00 14.50 M Ethiopia E ... Mauritius E 33.20 29.90 29.60 27.40 31.00 27.00 25.30 20.60 21.60 25.20 Tanzania E 28.50 19.20 Uganda E 28.70 25.90 20.70 17.10 Zambia E 30.08 36.09 21.96 40.31 31.20 Namibia S ... South Africa ... S 1.5.4 Urban Youth Unemployment Rate, 15-24 years (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco 37.58 35.52 34.16 34.53 33.27 32.85 31.66 31.55 31.78 31.76 31.27 N Tunisia N ... Benin W 8.10 3.30 3.40 Burkina Faso W 24.64 32.90 29.57 Cape Verde W 23.12 32.60 49.57 28.00 34.07 35.07 31.46 25.24 Guinea Bissau W 6.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 16.66 33.58 37.94 Mauritania W 71.78 58.59 Niger W 9.10 2.60 Nigeria W 34.60 20.20 18.90 29.20 23.20 26.00 Senegal 26.09 19.49 W Cameroon M 32.60 16.70 11.70 13.20 Ethiopia E 34.30 27.00 Mauritius E 25.80 25.80 20.40 21.10 22.60 25.00 23.30 16.50 18.10 23.50 Tanzania E 28.10 24.40 Uganda E 6.50 22.30 12.80 11.20 Zambia E 33.07 43.48 15.46 55.08 36.00 Namibia 48.51 47.52 54.46 S South Africa S 43.99 46.61 49.60

  6. 1.3.5 Rural Youth Not in Education Not in Employment, 15-24 years (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 36.06 37.80 37.43 33.60 33.90 35.75 35.06 36.64 37.03 36.77 35.62 Tunisia ... N Benin W 6.40 7.50 3.30 Burkina Faso W 6.53 5.07 16.75 Cape Verde W 26.47 27.24 30.94 35.05 32.87 27.22 31.95 35.95 Guinea Bissau W 23.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 29.70 12.41 11.81 Mauritania W 50.15 48.81 Niger W 18.80 51.30 Nigeria W 34.30 44.20 24.40 4.00 6.20 13.40 Senegal W 55.66 50.55 Cameroon 12.80 6.20 3.10 7.60 M Ethiopia E ... Mauritius E 32.00 28.40 25.50 25.80 25.70 22.40 21.00 19.20 19.90 19.10 Tanzania E 6.70 4.70 Uganda E 13.50 6.60 5.4. 4.60 Zambia E 4.29 9.31 3.05 10.94 7.80 Namibia S ... South Africa ... S 1.5.5 Rural Youth Unemployment Rate, 15-24 years (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco 7.87 7.21 6.21 5.46 5.21 5.93 6.37 7.04 8.71 8.71 8.37 N Tunisia N ... Benin W 1.60 0.60 1.10 Burkina Faso W 1.10 1.71 14.03 Cape Verde W 10.24 23.43 27.05 22.81 26.48 16.52 17.32 15.55 Guinea Bissau W 6.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 9.42 8.31 4.86 Mauritania W 58.03 48.81 Niger W 3.30 2.20 Nigeria W 34.00 19.70 16.90 31.00 23.40 24.80 Senegal 14.11 10.65 W Cameroon M 5.20 3.50 1.30 2.90 Ethiopia E 6.60 3.80 Mauritius E 28.00 25.90 16.90 25.30 26.40 23.00 24.80 19.50 22.10 23.50 Tanzania E 4.10 3.20 Uganda E 0.70 3.30 1.60 2.20 Zambia E 1.72 3.13 1.54 7.89 5.50 Namibia 35.58 35.06 63.66 S South Africa S 49.74 52.06 53.19

  7. 1.4.1 Informal employment (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 39.00 37.30 Tunisia ... N Benin W 95.30 98.40 98.20 Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 54.75 Guinea Bissau W 58.00 Liberia W 68.00 Mali W 89.90 88.01 Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria W … Senegal W 89.70 Cameroon 82.70 88.80 89.80 89.10 M Ethiopia E 67.30 49.00 Mauritius E 8.50 11.20 11.30 13.50 13.60 16.60 Tanzania E 95.00 93.30 Uganda E 83.40 86.70 81.80 85.10 Zambia E 90.91 89.00 Namibia S 12.29 8.76 21.68 South Africa 34.00 36.10 32.90 30.50 30.70 S 1.12.1 Proportion of own-account workers and contributing family workers in total employment (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N 30.77 29.05 34.93 Egypt N 24.22 22.90 22.94 20.62 22.36 24.27 26.22 25.30 Morocco 58.06 56.89 56.89 58.05 58.22 57.76 52.20 51.17 51.78 51.09 50.85 N Tunisia N ... Benin W 72.80 89.40 90.30 Burkina Faso W 94.15 93.78 89.70 Cape Verde W 42.11 38.51 31.61 35.17 29.24 31.85 22.79 28.04 Guinea Bissau W 87.00 Liberia W 77.90 Mali W ... Mauritania W 71.90 62.76 Niger W 91.30 Nigeria W 86.20 71.10 85.90 81.70 83.30 85.80 Senegal 79.56 81.30 81.23 W Cameroon M 76.30 76.70 80.70 73.60 Ethiopia E 89.60 90.10 Mauritius E 17.30 17.67 19.45 16.16 16.12 15.76 16.36 15.83 15.36 15.39 Tanzania E 91.20 88.60 Uganda E 86.52 84.54 83.20 77.30 Zambia E 83.71 81.30 81.30 Namibia 24.67 20.53 13.08 S South Africa S 12.72 11.22 10.13 10.03 10.15

  8. 1.4.2 Male Informal employment (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 43.00 40.90 Tunisia ... N Benin W 93.40 97.40 97.20 Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 55.26 Guinea Bissau W 57.00 Liberia W 61.30 Mali W 88.78 86.37 Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria W … Senegal W 88.22 Cameroon 74.20 83.30 84.90 85.60 M Ethiopia E 45.90 33.20 Mauritius E 9.20 na na na 9.20 11.00 Tanzania E 92.50 90.20 Uganda E 80.90 84..2 78.90 84.10 Zambia E 87.14 85.00 Namibia S 10.40 6.75 21.51 South Africa 31.20 32.90 30.40 28.10 28.80 S 1.12.2 Male proportion of own-account workers and contributing family workers in total employment (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N 29.95 28.57 31.99 Egypt N 22.09 21.32 19.37 18.79 21.46 20.75 21.21 20.47 Morocco 53.58 53.48 53.85 54.49 53.97 53.55 46.93 45.79 46.82 46.29 46.02 N Tunisia N ... Benin W 72.00 85.00 86.10 Burkina Faso W 90.99 91.07 85.92 Cape Verde W 29.88 33.06 28.57 32.53 25.30 27.67 16.82 21.69 Guinea Bissau W 81.00 Liberia W 68.30 Mali W ... Mauritania W 66.50 70.32 58.16 Niger W 90.10 Nigeria W 83.70 68.80 83.90 78.30 80.10 85.20 Senegal 78.35 79.86 81.21 W Cameroon M 64.50 65.60 72.00 64.30 Ethiopia E 87.50 87.80 Mauritius E 19.71 19.98 19.99 17.33 17.07 16.63 17.41 16.62 16.29 16.22 Tanzania E 87.30 83.50 Uganda E 79.40 77.49 74.60 69.00 Zambia E 77.49 74.16 74.40 Namibia 16.92 16.40 11.04 S South Africa S 9.59 8.40 8.09 8.58 8.99

  9. 1.4.3 Female Informal employment (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 23.80 21.70 Tunisia ... N Benin W 97.30 99.30 99.20 Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 54.00 Guinea Bissau W 62.00 Liberia W 74.70 Mali W 90.99 90.55 Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria W … Senegal W 92.37 Cameroon 91.30 94.40 94.80 92.90 M Ethiopia E 82.00 61.80 Mauritius E 7.00 na na na 12.10 14.60 Tanzania E 97.30 96.30 Uganda E 88.00 88.10 86.90 85.90 Zambia E 94.95 94.00 Namibia S 14.39 11.33 21.89 South Africa 37.60 40.10 36.10 33.50 33.20 S 1.12.3 Female proportion of own-account workers and contributing family workers in total employment (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N 35.76 32.03 48.93 Egypt N 33.63 29.73 38.28 28.81 26.36 39.15 46.01 45.39 Morocco 69.58 66.59 65.89 67.62 69.13 68.57 66.03 65.29 65.09 64.31 64.00 N Tunisia N ... Benin W 73.70 93.50 94.10 Burkina Faso W 97.21 96.38 93.34 Cape Verde W 56.44 45.05 35.12 39.63 35.57 35.27 29.81 40.69 Guinea Bissau W 94.00 Liberia W 87.30 Mali W ... Mauritania W 77.30 78.34 73.95 Niger W 94.50 Nigeria W 89.90 71.50 89.00 86.10 87.40 86.90 Senegal 81.46 83.39 81.26 W Cameroon M 88.30 88.20 89.70 83.70 Ethiopia E 92.30 92.50 Mauritius E 12.02 12.80 18.36 13.76 14.17 14.02 14.26 14.32 13.61 13.89 Tanzania E 95.00 93.40 Uganda E 93.60 91.34 90.40 85.20 Zambia E 90.34 89.35 88.80 Namibia 33.30 25.82 15.68 S South Africa S 16.66 14.78 12.80 11.88 11.67

  10. 1.4.4 Urban Informal employment (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 35.30 33.90 Tunisia ... N Benin W 90.30 95.90 95.80 Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 47.69 Guinea Bissau W 57.00 Liberia W 59.30 Mali W 78.90 68.39 Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria W … Senegal W 82.69 Cameroon 61.40 76.60 78.60 79.30 M Ethiopia E 49.20 41.00 Mauritius E 8.50 10.70 11.40 15.00 11.20 12.80 Tanzania E 82.50 82.10 Uganda E 84.80 81.60 81.00 83.90 Zambia E 70.33 71.00 Namibia S 10.60 7.09 20.58 South Africa 27.30 25.40 25.90 S 1.12.4 Urban proportion of own-account workers and contributing family workers in total employment (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco 29.99 30.13 30.32 30.45 30.45 30.61 25.21 24.96 26.96 26.58 27.09 N Tunisia N ... Benin W 62.50 79.00 82.50 Burkina Faso W 69.27 66.49 62.55 Cape Verde W 37.94 28.35 25.43 30.06 20.26 22.63 19.93 24.83 Guinea Bissau W 60.00 Liberia W 67.50 Mali W ... Mauritania W 44.65 46.75 Niger W 74.60 Nigeria W 72.10 70.20 72.00 69.60 69.60 80.20 Senegal 66.44 63.96 66.37 W Cameroon M 48.50 53.10 59.80 51.50 Ethiopia E 54.10 53.10 Mauritius E 20.66 18.84 18.87 17.30 18.60 17.01 19.51 19.22 15.05 15.44 Tanzania E 70.40 69.30 Uganda E 52.60 60.32 58.00 47.80 Zambia E 51.58 48.30 52.00 Namibia 8.08 9.43 18.13 S South Africa S 8.23 8.35 8.35

  11. 1.4.5 Rural Informal employment (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 53.80 49.80 Tunisia ... N Benin W 97.70 99.70 99.70 Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 73.51 Guinea Bissau W 59.00 Liberia W 75.00 Mali W 93.10 92.90 Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria W … Senegal W 94.16 Cameroon 91.60 94.40 95.30 94.90 M Ethiopia E 82.40 56.20 Mauritius E 8.50 11.30 11.20 13.30 12.20 14.90 Tanzania E 97.80 97.00 Uganda E 81.80 90.60 82.60 86.10 Zambia E 98.17 96.00 Namibia S 14.04 11.02 22.31 South Africa 51.80 47.90 47.80 S 1.12.5 Rural proportion of own-account workers and contributing family workers in total employment (%) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco 80.52 79.69 79.97 80.85 80.47 79.98 75.58 74.80 75.15 74.61 73.79 N Tunisia N ... Benin W 77.80 95.00 95.10 Burkina Faso W 98.60 92.49 95.32 Cape Verde W 47.09 52.54 38.53 41.82 40.11 42.13 30.44 32.20 Guinea Bissau W 94.00 Liberia W 86.10 Mali W ... Mauritania W 79.85 79.45 Niger W 94.60 Nigeria W 90.70 71.40 89.30 87.80 89.70 88.00 Senegal 89.63 92.26 92.88 W Cameroon M 88.00 87.60 91.00 86.70 Ethiopia E 94.70 95.30 Mauritius E 16.81 17.50 19.52 16.00 15.75 15.58 15.91 15.33 15.40 15.39 Tanzania E 96.00 95.00 Uganda E 91.10 88.59 86.90 83.30 Zambia E 95.03 92.96 92.40 Namibia 41.89 35.59 10.13 S South Africa S 16.58 15.78 16.46

  12. Country Indicator Sources Comment Algeria All Laborsta and STI (from 2006 onwards), data computed from LFS in both database Benin All EMICOV 2006, 2007, 2010 Enquête Burkinabe sur les Conditions de vie des ménages 2003, QUIBB Burkina Faso All 2005, 2007 Cameroon All ECAM(Enquête Camérounaise Auprès des Ménages) 2001, 2007 ; EESI (Enquête sur l'Emploi et le Secteur Informel) 2005, 2010 Cape Verde All RGPH 2000, 2010, EBCM 2001/2002, LFS 2005, 2008, 2009, QUIBB 2007 Egypt All Laborsta and STI (from 2006 onwards), data computed from LFS in both database Missing years are due to missing population by age value Ethiopia All National LFS 1999, 2005 Guinea Bissau All RGPH 2009, ILAP 2010 Liberia All LFS 2010 Mali All EPAM 2004, 2007, 2010 Mauritania All RGPH 2000, Enquête Permanente sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages 2004, 2008 Mauritius All Continuous Multi Purpose Household Survey 2001-2010 Morocco All except otherwise specified ENE (Enquête Nationale sur l'Emploi) 2000-2010 Morocco Informal employment ENSI (Enquête Nationale sur le Secteur Informel) 1999, 2007 Namibia All LFS 2000, 2004, 2008 Niger All RGPH 2001, QUIBB 2005, ENBC 2007/08 Nigeria All GHS (General Household Survey) 2005-2010 Senegal All ESAM 2001, ENTES 2005, ESPS 2006 Employment situation and caracteristics in ENDEM and ENTICS survey are only captured on declarations of the respondents and therefore, data from these surveys are not directly comparable to ESAM, ENTES and ESPS Senegal All surveys. South Africa All Labour Force Surveys 2006-2010 Tanzania All ILFS Indicators were recalculated on the basis of the micro-data Tunisia All Laborsta and STI (from 2006 onwards), data computed from LFS in both database Uganda All Uganda National Household Survey 1999/00, 2002/03, 2005/06, 2009/10 Zambia All LFS 2005, 2008, LCMS 2002, 2004, 2006

  13. Country Indicator Categories Year Comment Algeria Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15-64 years Benin Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15-64 years Benin Informal employment All All Informal employment includes all persons working in the informal sector (establishment based concept) Benin Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All All Strict ILO definition of unemployment Burkina Faso Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All 03,05,07 Working age population: 15-64 years Burkina Faso Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All 03,05,07 Relaxed definiton of unemployment: unemployed + discouraged persons are included in unemployed population. Cameroon Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15-64 years Proportion of own-account workers and contributing family Cameroon All All Own-account workers include employers + own-account workers in this case workers in total employment Cape Verde Employment-to-Population ratio + Unemployment rates All All Working age population: 15-64 years Informal employment includes all persons working and not registred as worker in the INPS book. Active population Cape Verde Informal employment All All include all active persons aged 15 and above Proportion of own-account workers and contributing family Cape Verde All All For these indicators, the active population is aged 15 and above workers in total employment Cape Verde Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All All Strict ILO definition of unemployment Egypt Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15-64 years Ethiopia Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15-64 years The 1999 and 2005 figures were based on the informal sector which consisted in those who have neither licence nor book account and enterprises with less than 10 employees/workers. Information on informal sector was establisment Ethiopia Informal employment All All based. The informal sector employment is expressed as a percentage of the total economically active population of the same age. Ethiopia Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All All Relaxed definiton of unemployment: unemployed + discouraged persons are included in unemployed population. Youth not in education not in employment + Youth Ethiopia All All Youth age group : 15-29 years unemployment Guinea Bissau Employment-to-Population ratio + Unemployment rates All All Working age population: 15 years and above Guinea Bissau Informal employment All All Informal employment includes here all persons working in the informal sector. Guinea Bissau Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All All Relaxed definiton of unemployment: unemployed + discouraged persons are included in unemployed population. Liberia Employment-to-Population ratio All 10 Working age population: 15 years and above Liberia Informal employment All 10 Definition of informal sector and informal employment in Liberia Liberia Informal employment All 10 The following are the agreed definitions for use in Liberia: Liberia Informal employment All 10 Employment in the informal sector Liberia Informal employment All 10 Exclude persons employed in the agriculture sector (Section A in ISIC rev 4) Liberia Informal employment All 10 Exclude persons producing goods or services for household’s own use (ISIC division code 98) Liberia Informal employment All 10 Exclude persons coded as professionals (ISCO-08 major group 2) Liberia Informal employment All 10 Exclude persons working in establishments registered with the Ministry of Commerce or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Liberia Informal employment All 10 Exclude persons working in establishments with 5 or more persons Liberia Informal employment All 10 Informal employment As above, but: Include persons producing goods or services for household’s own use (ISIC division 98) Exclude any person who Liberia Informal employment All 10 benefits from employer’s contribution to pension/retirement fund or paid leave or where the employer deducts income tax from the salary/wage Liberia Informal employment All 10 Most of these conditions for employment in the informal sector and for informal employment can be Liberia Informal employment All 10 found in the definitions used by other countries. Two particular features in Liberia of interest are the decision to exclude professionals from the definition of employment in the Liberia Informal employment All 10 informal sector, and the decision to make 5 rather than 10 the cut-off point for size of establishment. It is of course possible to see what effect these two decisions have on the measurement of employment in the informal sector. Liberia Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All 10 Relaxed definiton of unemployment: unemployed + discouraged persons are included in unemployed population. Mali Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15-64 years

  14. Informal employment includes all persons working in the informal sector based on the international definition and Mali Informal employment All All adapted to Mali specifications Mali Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All All Relaxed definiton of unemployment: unemployed + discouraged persons are included in unemployed population. Mauritania Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15-64 years Mauritania Unemployment ratio All All Relaxed definiton of unemployment: unemployed + discouraged persons are included in unemployed population. Mauritius Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All 01-10 Working age population: 15-64 years Informal employment: So far there is no definition of informal employment in Mauritius although several attempts have been made to arrive at a national definition of the informal sector. The figures above have been worked out from CMPHS data using the following definition: The informal sector comprises household unincorporated enterprises, that is production units not Mauritius Informal employment All 05-10 incorporated as separate legal entities independent of the households or households members who own them. For the compilation of these figures only production units with no record of accounts at main jobs have been considered. For 2006-2008, information by sex not available. Note: the above figures are not official data from Mauritius and have not been published by CSO. Mauritius Informal employment All 05-10 Population age group is 16 years and over Mauritius Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All 01-10 Strict ILO definition of unemployment Morocco Employment-to-Population ratio All All Working age population: 15 years and above Morocco Informal employment All All Population age group is 7 years and over Informal employment: Employment in a production unit not in the agriculture sector and not having book accounts but excluding Morocco Informal employment All All illegal activities. Proportion of own-account workers and contributing family Morocco All All Working age population: 7 years and above workers in total employment Morocco Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15-64 years Morocco Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All All Relaxed definiton of unemployment: unemployed + discouraged persons are included in unemployed population. Namibia Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15-64 years Namibia Informal employment All 08 Definition ? Namibia Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All All ILO definition of unemployment ? Niger Employment-to-Population ratio All 01 Reference period for employment is the last 6 months and not the last week as in QUIBB and ENBC surveys. Niger Employment-to-Population ratio + Unemployment rates All All Working age population: 15-64 years Proportion of own-account workers and contributing family Own-account workers and contributing family workers include own-account workers + domestic workers + unpaid Niger All All workers in total employment apprentices Niger Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All All Strict ILO definition of unemployment Nigeria Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15-64 years Unemployment definition given: Unemployment refers to those who, in the last seven days, were without work and Nigeria Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All All available for work, including those who were seeking for work. Senegal Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population 15-64 years Informal employment includes all persons aged 15 and above working in an informal production unit (IPU). IPUs don't Senegal Informal employment All 06 keep accounts and are not registred (don't have a registration number NINEA) Unemployed definition includes all persons who didn't have a work during the last 4 weeks, were looking for a job and Senegal Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All 01,06 ready to work in the following fortnight. South Africa Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15-64 years Informal employment includes all persons in the informal sector and persons helping unpaid in their family business. South Africa Informal employment All All It also indlcudes employees in formal sector or in private households who are not entitled to basic benefits from their employer such as pension, medical aid and who also do not have a written contract of employment. South Africa Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All All Strict ILO definition of unemployment Tanzania Employment-to-Population ratio All 01,06 Working age population: 15-64 years Proxy operationalization of the job-based concept of informality (ICLS 2003), according to status in employment and Tanzania Informal employment All 01,06 national definition of the informal sector; the indicator is expressed as percentage of the total currently employed population; it refers to main activity of population aged 15 and above Tanzania Unemployment rate All 01,06 Working age population: 15 years and above Tunisia Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15 years and above Uganda Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All All Working age population: 15-64 years Uganda Informal employment All All This indicator is based on the ICLS definition of the informal employment Uganda Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All All Relaxed definiton of unemployment: unemployed + discouraged persons are included in unemployed population. Zambia Employment-to-Population Ration + Unemployment rate All 05,08 Working age population: 15 years and above

  15. Informal employment estimation is based only on main activity. No data on secondary activity is available from the labour force surveys. A worker is considered informally employed if s/he is an unpaid family worker or if he has at Zambia Informal employment All 05,08 least one informal job, i.e. where the employer does not contribute a social security scheme or where the respondent is not entitled to paid leave. The size criterion is not used in informal employment calculations, as the benefits criteria have wider coverage and the objective is not to estimate informal sector employment. Zambia Unemployment rate + Youth unemployment All 05,08 Relaxed definiton of unemployment: unemployed + discouraged persons are included in unemployed population. 2005 and 2008 indicators are not comparable due to different ways to define activity, employment and Zambia All All 05,08 unemployment. 2005 indicators follow ILO's concepts and economic activity is confirmed by probing questions, 2008 follow CSO's concepts which are based only on answers to direct questions on activity. LCMS versus LFS: LCMS and LFS are two household surveys, which are designed for different purposes (LCMS to Zambia All All All measure poverty, LFS to measure employment/unemployment). The main difference in the economic activity modules of these surveys is how economic status (employed, unemployed or economically inactive) is identified.

  16. 2.1 Working poverty rate (%) Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 19.18 10.33 Tunisia N ... Benin 33.80 26.90 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 30.30 20.22 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W 10.84 11.60 Niger W 57.70 51.40 Nigeria … W Senegal W 53.11 50.94 Cameroon M 37.90 38.30 Ethiopia E 48.10 40.70 Mauritius E <1 <1 Tanzania E 35.70 33.60 Uganda E 34.10 34.90 28.30 20.50 Zambia E 64.74 69.05 66.39 Namibia S ... South Africa S ... 2.2 Low pay rate (below 2/3 of median monthly earnings) in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia ... N Benin W 30.10 39.70 30.40 Burkina Faso W 32.56 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W ... Mauritania W ... Niger 46.90 W Nigeria W 38.00 18.10 3.00 5.60 6.60 7.10 Senegal W ... Cameroon M 36.60 39.00 34.30 39.70 Ethiopia E 37.60 Mauritius E 24.55 23.60 25.18 24.62 23.20 22.97 25.02 23.37 26.25 25.34 Tanzania E 29.00 29.50 Uganda E 40.30 37.70 11.30 Zambia E 33.28 40.48 Namibia S ... South Africa S 31.41 33.37

  17. 2.1 Male working poverty rate (%) Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 15.69 8.83 Tunisia N ... Benin 33.30 25.50 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 30.24 20.10 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W 16.36 18.14 Niger W 85.70 50.90 Nigeria … W Senegal W 52.31 49.98 Cameroon M 34.20 34.70 Ethiopia E 46.40 40.90 Mauritius E ... Tanzania E ... Uganda E 29.30 34.00 27.00 20.00 Zambia E 63.66 66.45 62.50 Namibia S ... South Africa S ... 2.2 Male low pay rate (below 2/3 of median monthly earnings) in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia ... N Benin W 20.70 34.30 17.70 Burkina Faso W 31.74 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W ... Mauritania W ... Niger 43.20 W Nigeria W 26.40 18.30 2.50 3.40 4.10 10.70 Senegal W ... Cameroon M 33.20 29.20 25.90 29.80 Ethiopia E 40.80 Mauritius E 13.28 13.13 13.92 13.75 13.61 13.03 15.10 12.80 15.78 14.80 Tanzania E 24.80 25.20 Uganda E 35.20 27.90 10.80 Zambia E 31.21 39.84 Namibia S ... South Africa S 25.05 26.75

  18. 2.1 Female working poverty rate (%) Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 24.94 14.25 Tunisia N ... Benin 34.40 28.20 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 30.37 20.36 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W 5.81 6.40 Niger W 31.70 52.30 Nigeria … W Senegal W 54.35 52.71 Cameroon M 41.60 42.00 Ethiopia E 49.60 36.80 Mauritius E ... Tanzania E ... Uganda E 31.10 35.80 30.00 21.00 Zambia E 65.93 71.69 70.77 Namibia S ... South Africa S ... 2.2 Female low pay rate (below 2/3 of median monthly earnings) in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia ... N Benin W 41.50 44.60 42.90 Burkina Faso W 35.23 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W ... Mauritania W ... Niger 66.10 W Nigeria W 55.20 17.70 4.30 10.40 11.80 3.60 Senegal W ... Cameroon M 40.10 49.10 42.90 50.40 Ethiopia E 32.50 Mauritius E 46.52 43.59 46.58 45.21 41.58 41.72 43.55 42.27 44.48 43.24 Tanzania E 39.30 40.30 Uganda E 52.50 56.50 12.30 Zambia E 38.69 42.13 Namibia S ... South Africa S 39.26 41.62

  19. 2.1 Urban working poverty rate (%) Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 8.04 4.89 Tunisia N ... Benin 32.20 20.40 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 18.34 9.39 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W 5.57 6.24 Niger W 49.60 32.90 Nigeria … W Senegal W 42.78 35.42 Cameroon M 15.50 11.40 Ethiopia E 50.10 44.50 Mauritius E ... Tanzania E ... Uganda E 7.70 10.60 11.60 7.00 Zambia E 50.69 48.84 29.22 Namibia S ... South Africa S ... 2.2 Urban low pay rate (below 2/3 of median monthly earnings) in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia ... N Benin W 23.30 36.30 25.00 Burkina Faso W 32.47 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W ... Mauritania W ... Niger 25.80 W Nigeria W 21.60 18.20 2.20 5.80 5.00 7.90 Senegal W ... Cameroon M 30.70 18.10 17.60 20.90 Ethiopia E 46.80 Mauritius E 26.60 24.60 29.70 28.40 26.90 26.80 27.00 24.70 31.30 28.50 Tanzania E 14.70 16.50 Uganda E 32.00 12.20 2.30 Zambia E 31.22 39.43 Namibia S ... South Africa S 26.45 28.62

  20. 2.1 Rural working poverty rate (%) Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 26.66 15.23 Tunisia N ... Benin 34.60 29.80 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 46.25 37.32 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W 15.82 16.90 Niger W 59.00 56.90 Nigeria … W Senegal W 61.04 63.11 Cameroon M 47.30 51.60 Ethiopia E 47.90 39.50 Mauritius E ... Tanzania E ... Uganda E 33.60 39.00 31.20 23.20 Zambia E 69.81 77.98 79.52 Namibia S ... South Africa S ... 2.2 Rural low pay rate (below 2/3 of median monthly earnings) in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia ... N Benin W 33.80 41.60 33.70 Burkina Faso W 32.88 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W ... Mauritania W ... Niger 56.20 W Nigeria W 50.30 16.50 3.50 5.30 9.20 6.60 Senegal W ... Cameroon M 39.20 48.60 42.50 50.80 Ethiopia E 21.90 Mauritius E 24.30 23.40 24.60 24.10 22.70 22.40 24.70 23.20 25.50 24.90 Tanzania E 44.00 47.10 Uganda E 44.60 45.40 14.90 Zambia E 46.68 44.67 Namibia S ... South Africa S 53.69 55.15

  21. Country Indicator Benin All Burkina Faso Working poverty rate Cameroon Low pay rate Cameroon Working poverty rate Cape Verde Working poverty rate Ethiopia All Mauritania Working poverty rate Mauritius All Morocco Working poverty rate Niger All Nigeria Low pay rate Senegal Working poverty rate South Africa Low pay rate Tanzania All Uganda All Zambia Low pay rate Zambia Working poverty rate

  22. Sources EMICOV 2006, 2007, 2010 EBCVM 2003 ECAM 2001, 2007, EESI 2005, 2010 ECAM 2001, 2007 RPGH 2000, 2010, EBCM 2001/02, LFS 2005, 2008, 2009, QUIBB 2007 LFS 1999, 2005 Enquête Permanente sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages 2004, 2008 CMPHS 2001-2010 Enquête Nationale sur la Consommation des ménages 2001, Enquête Nationale sur le Niveau de Vie des Ménages 2007 QUIBB 2005, ENBC 2007/08 GHS (General Household Survey) 2005-2010 ESAM 2001, ESPS 2006 Labour Force Surveys 2009-2010 Household Budget Survey 2000/01, 2006/07 Uganda National Household Survey 1999/00, 2002/03, 2005/06, 2009/10 LFS 2005, 2008 LCMS 2002/03, 2004, 2006

  23. Comment Uganda National Household Survey 1999/00, 2002/03, 2005/06, 2009/10 ...

  24. Country Indicator Categories Year Benin Low pay rate All All Benin Working Poverty rate All All Burkina Faso Low pay rate All All Cameroon Low pay rate All All Cameroon Working Poverty rate All All Cape Verde Working Poverty rate All All Ethiopia Low pay rate All All Ethiopia Working Poverty rate All All Mauritania Working Poverty rate All All Mauritius Low pay rate All All Morocco Working Poverty rate All All Morocco Working Poverty rate All All Niger Low pay rate All All Niger Working Poverty rate All All Nigeria Low pay rate All All Senegal Working Poverty rate All All South Africa Low pay rate All All Tanzania Low pay rate All All Tanzania Working Poverty rate All All Uganda Low pay rate All All Uganda Working Poverty rate All All Zambia All All All Zambia Low pay rate All All Zambia Working Poverty rate All All

  25. ...

  26. Comment Country didn't specified if the indicator is computed on all employment or only paid employment. Working poverty rate is computed considering workers in poor households. Poor households are those with a consumption below a certain level (computed from questions in the consumption module of the survey). Country didn't specified if the indicator is computed on all employment or only paid employment. Country didn't specified if the indicator is computed on all employment or only paid employment. The national poverty line is nationally defined. Working poverty rate is calculated by considering employed persons living in a poor household as a percentage of the total employed population. Working poor were calculated in terms of the proportion of the working population below the national poverty line as a percentage of the total employed population. The national poverty line is based on the households' consumption and the threshold is fixed at 60% of the average (median ?) consumption. Low pay rate is computed as the proportion of workers predominantly in paid employment with monthly earning below 2/3 of the median monthly earnings. Working poor were calculated in terms of the proportion of the population below the national poverty line times the labor force aged 15-64 years. The working poverty rate shows the working poor as a percentage of the total employed persons in a specified year. This assumes that poverty rate of working age population is equal to that of the entire population; labour force participation rate of the poor is equal to that of working age and all economically active individuals are employed. This is the lower bound estimate of working poverty. The poverty line is calculated in terms of level of household's overall consumption including all goods and services bought on the market or not. Poverty line is estimated at 94650 UM in 2004 and 129 600 UM in 2008. Poor workers are those whose consumption is below the poverty line. Monthly earnings - Paid employment : Average income obtained as gross pay,i.e, before tax and other deductions. Indicators computed for the population aged 7 years and above The national poverty line is nationally defined and based on the household consumption per year: 3834 DH in urban areas and 3569 DH in rural areas. Low pay rate is calculated on paid employees and piece workers. Poverty line is calculated in terms of minimum level of household's overall consumption Low pay rate is computed as the proportion of workers predominantly in paid employment with monthly earning below 2/3 of the median monthly earnings. Working poor were calculated in terms of the proportion of the working persons living in a poor household. The poverty line is nationally defined as a minimum level of households' consumption per member. This indicator is based on total monthly earnings from paid employment. Data are not annual average but for the 4th quarter This indicator is based on total monthly earnings from paid employment derived from main activity and all other economic acitivities. No data on earnings from agriculture are available. No conversion into hourly earnings was possible, since recorded working includes agriculture and earnings do not. Basic needs nationally-defined poverty line This indicator is based on total monthly earnings from paid employment Definitions ? All the indicators are computed for paid employees in the non-agricultural sector, as income from agriculture is measured at the household level including subsistence agriculture. In addition, self-employed , especially contributing family workers are heavily involved in agricultural work. This indicator is computed for paid employees in the non-agricultural sector, as income from agriculture is measured at the household level including subsistence agriculture. Poverty headcount ratio (national poverty line) refers to the percentage of population living below the national poverty line. Poverty line: K111,747 for LCMS 2004; 93872 for LCMS 2006.

  27. 3.1 Excessive hours (more than 48 hours per week) (%) Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 48.83 44.74 42.46 42.59 44.01 43.90 42.93 42.04 43.62 45.56 45.80 Tunisia N ... Benin 13.40 22.70 19.80 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 19.90 19.26 31.16 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia 42.00 W Mali W 19.68 3.74 4.36 Mauritania W ... Niger W 29.70 Nigeria 27.40 60.40 13.80 40.50 47.60 30.07 W Senegal W 33.24 Cameroon M 27.40 28.00 27.70 31.70 Ethiopia E 12.20 16.30 Mauritius E 21.79 22.02 19.95 21.51 22.54 21.89 21.35 20.25 20.51 20.72 Tanzania E 45.00 54.30 Uganda E 24.80 16.00 21.40 Zambia E 23.20 9.20 Namibia S 33.06 32.22 35.75 South Africa S 28.91 27.18 27.97 25.47 24.08 3.3 Time-related underemployment rate in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7.10 6.74 6.28 6.34 5.61 4.99 4.21 3.12 2.72 3.16 3.41 Tunisia ... N Benin W 36.20 35.70 37.90 Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 31.22 21.41 20.06 26.02 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W 3.30 Mali W 28.20 37.80 32.80 Mauritania W ! Def différente 2.50 5.01 Niger 69.30 W Nigeria W … Senegal W 60.76 Cameroon M 11.90 10.80 14.30 Ethiopia E 43.80 21.70 Mauritius E 4.40 4.30 Tanzania E 12.40 13.10 Uganda E 18.40 12.00 4.90 Zambia E 12.40 9.60 Namibia S 23.08 22.57 30.45 South Africa S 3.49 2.82 4.52 4.74 4.17

  28. 3.1 Male excessive hours (more than 48 hours per week) (%) Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 59.31 54.11 51.20 52.26 54.69 54.38 53.11 51.89 54.19 56.44 57.16 Tunisia N ... Benin 16.60 28.00 22.80 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 21.87 22.65 33.97 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia 43.70 W Mali W 13.53 4.50 4.47 Mauritania W ... Niger W 30.30 Nigeria 28.80 58.90 46.00 40.50 56.10 41.20 W Senegal W 39.49 Cameroon M 34.70 35.30 36.00 39.40 Ethiopia E 14.90 23.50 Mauritius E 23.21 23.89 22.33 23.95 25.83 25.34 24.63 23.53 23.89 24.46 Tanzania E 52.00 59.90 Uganda E 31.60 20.80 27.40 Zambia E 23.60 11.70 Namibia S 37.04 35.77 39.29 South Africa S 32.44 31.13 32.03 29.30 27.89 3.3 Male time-related underemployment rate in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7.64 6.87 6.45 6.85 6.28 5.77 4.58 3.42 2.85 3.17 3.46 Tunisia ... N Benin W 29.00 26.50 30.20 Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 23.92 16.14 16.06 21.33 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W 3.00 Mali W 19.95 31.46 28.70 Mauritania W 3.96 8.07 Niger 68.00 W Nigeria W … Senegal W 53.28 Cameroon M 11.00 10.70 13.90 Ethiopia E 47.80 23.40 Mauritius E 5.40 5.50 Tanzania E 12.90 14.00 Uganda E 20.30 14.00 7.30 Zambia E 12.10 9.90 Namibia S 24.76 23.27 32.19 South Africa S 2.61 2.06 3.14 3.14 2.84

  29. 3.1 Female excessive hours (more than 48 hours per week) (%) Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 21.91 18.14 16.70 16.66 16.63 16.97 16.24 16.24 15.29 15.65 14.96 Tunisia N ... Benin 10.20 17.80 17.10 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 17.72 14.62 27.84 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia 40.40 W Mali W 47.00 2.01 4.15 Mauritania W ... Niger W 34.20 Nigeria 25.00 61.90 32.00 36.40 43.70 26.30 W Senegal W 23.49 Cameroon M 19.80 20.50 19.10 23.30 Ethiopia E 8.50 8.60 Mauritius E 18.67 18.07 15.23 16.50 15.85 15.03 14.80 14.02 14.21 13.94 Tanzania E 38.20 48.90 Uganda E 18.20 11.40 15.90 Zambia E 22.80 6.60 Namibia S 28.63 27.67 31.22 South Africa S 24.45 22.19 22.66 20.54 19.12 3.3 Female time-related underemployment rate in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 5.73 6.36 5.80 4.97 3.90 3.00 3.23 2.31 2.35 3.13 3.27 Tunisia ... N Benin W 43.50 44.10 45.00 Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 39.48 28.60 24.78 32.14 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W 3.50 Mali W 39.49 43.85 39.08 Mauritania W 1.17 2.58 Niger 65.00 W Nigeria W … Senegal W 72.42 Cameroon M 12.90 10.90 14.70 Ethiopia E 38.30 19.70 Mauritius E 2.50 2.00 Tanzania E 11.90 12.10 Uganda E 16.50 10.10 2.60 Zambia E 12.60 9.30 Namibia S 21.21 21.68 28.23 South Africa S 4.59 3.78 6.33 6.78 5.90

  30. 3.1 Urban excessive hours (more than 48 hours per week) (%) Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 49.49 47.44 47.04 48.75 49.56 50.73 47.77 47.82 49.44 49.94 50.70 Tunisia N ... Benin 15.40 31.30 26.10 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 21.87 20.17 32.41 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia 53.80 W Mali W 31.77 1.72 1.85 Mauritania W ... Niger W 51.40 Nigeria 41.80 64.00 42.60 50.20 56.10 37.60 W Senegal W 38.17 Cameroon M 49.20 37.70 43.00 44.10 Ethiopia E 39.20 44.20 Mauritius E 21.36 22.68 18.10 21.41 21.18 18.99 22.05 18.20 16.70 18.97 Tanzania E 57.30 62.20 Uganda E 55.30 40.10 41.80 Zambia E 26.40 23.80 Namibia S 31.63 30.27 34.24 South Africa S 25.05 22.46 21.08 3.3 Urban time-related underemployment rate in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 5.65 4.74 4.26 5.00 4.74 3.84 3.22 2.41 2.01 2.29 2.41 Tunisia ... N Benin W 29.70 30.50 30.60 Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 19.49 17.37 14.65 17.49 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W 2.80 Mali W 26.39 33.91 39.85 Mauritania W 3.03 5.20 Niger 45.50 W Nigeria W … Senegal W 53.04 Cameroon M 13.90 12.20 16.20 Ethiopia E 31.00 17.20 Mauritius E 3.20 3.40 Tanzania E 14.80 11.60 Uganda E 11.40 8.70 8.80 Zambia E 12.10 6.10 Namibia S 23.01 24.22 28.84 South Africa S 4.04 4.27 3.72

  31. 3.1 Rural excessive hours (more than 48 hours per week) (%) Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 48.30 42.43 38.50 37.51 39.56 38.31 38.75 36.83 38.15 41.36 41.08 Tunisia N ... Benin 12.10 18.10 15.90 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 17.75 17.03 29.24 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia 32.60 W Mali W 17.97 4.52 4.96 Mauritania W ... Niger W 26.10 Nigeria 22.60 58.90 41.50 42.70 43.70 34.90 W Senegal W 29.96 Cameroon M 18.30 23.60 20.10 24.30 Ethiopia E 8.10 12.40 Mauritius E 21.85 21.92 20.19 21.53 22.75 22.31 21.25 20.55 21.05 20.95 Tanzania E 42.20 51.60 Uganda E 19.70 11.90 17.40 Zambia E 21.40 3.80 Namibia S 34.54 34.86 38.32 South Africa S 37.88 35.77 34.61 3.3 Rural time-related underemployment rate in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 8.26 8.44 8.04 7.44 6.31 5.94 5.07 3.75 3.38 3.99 4.38 Tunisia ... N Benin W 39.30 38.50 42.50 Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 44.06 31.29 28.33 42.62 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W 3.70 Mali W 29.16 38.87 31.01 Mauritania W 2.00 4.90 Niger 73.00 W Nigeria W … Senegal W 65.88 Cameroon M 11.00 10.10 13.20 Ethiopia E 45.80 22.30 Mauritius E 4.60 4.40 Tanzania E 11.80 13.60 Uganda E 19.50 12.50 4.10 Zambia E 12.50 10.90 Namibia S 23.14 20.38 31.39 South Africa S 6.14 6.33 5.72

  32. 3.4 Rate of workers with decent hours in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 20.37 24.07 24.10 24.86 23.19 22.56 23.74 25.04 26.23 26.35 24.74 Tunisia N ... Benin 7.00 7.70 7.80 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 48.88 59.33 48.79 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W 30.00 27.16 27.60 Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria 72.60 35.30 41.00 44.30 42.30 52.73 W Senegal W 6.01 Cameroon M ... Ethiopia E 41.90 60.50 Mauritius E 55.90 55.10 Tanzania E 42.60 32.60 Uganda E 56.90 72.50 73.70 Zambia E 64.20 81.20 Namibia S 61.45 61.79 59.46 South Africa S 67.60 70.00 67.51 69.93 71.75

  33. 3.4 Rate of male workers with decent hours in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 20.41 24.79 25.23 26.13 24.36 23.66 24.59 25.59 25.63 25.02 23.88 Tunisia N ... Benin 7.60 7.90 8.20 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 54.21 61.21 49.98 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W 30.80 27.97 24.83 Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria 71.20 35.30 39.00 40.70 38.60 53.40 W Senegal W 7.24 Cameroon M ... Ethiopia E 35.30 51.50 Mauritius E 58.20 57.40 Tanzania E 35.10 26.10 Uganda E 48.10 66.00 65.30 Zambia E 64.10 78.40 Namibia S 57.28 57.84 55.29 South Africa S 64.94 66.81 64.84 67.70 69.27

  34. 3.4 Rate of female workers with decent hours in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 20.27 22.04 20.79 21.46 20.21 19.73 21.51 23.62 27.83 30.02 27.05 Tunisia N ... Benin 6.30 7.40 7.50 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 42.80 56.77 47.38 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W 28.80 26.38 31.89 Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria 75.00 32.50 46.10 49.70 46.90 52.30 W Senegal W 4.09 Cameroon M ... Ethiopia E 51.00 70.30 Mauritius E 51.50 50.80 Tanzania E 49.90 39.00 Uganda E 65.30 78.80 81.50 Zambia E 64.30 84.10 Namibia S 66.09 66.85 64.77 South Africa S 70.96 74.03 71.02 72.80 74.98

  35. 3.4 Rate of urban workers with decent hours in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 22.15 23.74 23.42 23.96 23.10 22.25 24.56 24.47 23.88 24.30 24.16 Tunisia N ... Benin 9.40 8.70 9.60 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 58.64 62.46 52.94 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W 21.10 27.07 22.69 Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria 58.20 31.20 39.10 41.90 37.50 51.80 W Senegal W 8.79 Cameroon M ... Ethiopia E 23.90 34.20 Mauritius E 65.10 60.20 Tanzania E 27.90 26.20 Uganda E 33.00 51.60 49.50 Zambia E 61.00 70.10 Namibia S 63.87 65.50 61.17 South Africa S 70.91 73.38 75.19

  36. 3.4 Rate of rural workers with decent hours in % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 18.94 24.36 24.69 25.60 23.27 22.81 23.03 25.56 28.44 28.32 25.29 Tunisia N ... Benin 5.80 7.10 6.80 W Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 38.20 51.68 42.43 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W 34.00 27.19 28.82 Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria 77.40 36.90 41.60 45.30 44.50 53.40 W Senegal W 4.16 Cameroon M ... Ethiopia E 44.60 64.30 Mauritius E 54.60 54.40 Tanzania E 46.00 34.80 Uganda E 60.90 76.00 78.50 Zambia E 65.90 85.30 Namibia S 58.93 56.75 56.52 South Africa S 55.98 58.15 59.67

  37. Country Indicator Benin All Cameroon All Cape Verde All Ethiopia All Liberia All Mali All Mauritania All Mauritius All Morocco All Namibia All Niger All Nigeria All Senegal All South Africa All Tanzania All Uganda All Zambia All

  38. Sources EMICOV 2006, 2007, 2010 ECAM 2001, 2007 EESI 2005, 2010 LFS 2005, 2008, 2009, QUIBB 2007 LFS 1999, 2005 LFS 2010 EPAM 2004, 2007, 2010 Enquête Permanente sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages 2004, 2008 CMPHS 2001-2010 ENE 2000-2010 LFS 2000, 2004, 2008 ENBC 2007/08 GHS 2005-2010 ENTES 2005 GHS 2006-2010 ILFS 2000/01, 2006 UNHS 2002/03, 2005/06, 2009/10 LFS 2005, 2008

  39. Comment Enquête Permanente sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages 2004, 2008

  40. Country Indicator Categories Year Benin Excessive hours All All Benin Rate of workers with decent hours All All Benin Time-related underemployment rate All All Cameroon Time-related underemployment rate All All Cape Verde Rate of workers with decent hours All All Cape Verde Time-related underemployment rate All All Ethiopia Excessive hours All All Ethiopia Rate of workers with decent hours All All Ethiopia Time-related underemployment rate All All Liberia Excessive hours All All Liberia Time-related underemployment rate All All Mali Excessive hours All All Mali Rate of workers with decent hours All All Mali Time-related underemployment rate All All Mauritania Time-related underemployment rate All All Mauritius Rate of workers with decent hours All All Mauritius Time-related underemployment rate All All Morocco Excessive hours All All Morocco Excessive hours All All Morocco Rate of workers with decent hours All All Morocco Rate of workers with decent hours All All Morocco Time-related underemployment rate All All Morocco Time-related underemployment rate All All Namibia Excessive hours All All Namibia Rate of workers with decent hours All All Namibia Time-related underemployment rate All All Niger Excessive hours All All Niger Time-related underemployment rate All All Nigeria Excessive hours All All Nigeria Rate of workers with decent hours All All Senegal Rate of workers with decent hours All All Senegal Time-related underemployment rate All All

  41. South Africa Time-related underemployment rate All All Tanzania Excessive hours All All Tanzania Rate of workers with decent hours All All Tanzania Time-related underemployment rate All All Uganda Rate of workers with decent hours All All Uganda Time-related underemployment rate All All Zambia All All All Zambia Excessive hours All All Zambia Rate of workers with decent hours All All Zambia Time-related underemployment rate All All

  42. Comment Employed persons working more than 48 hours per week as a share of total employed population (aged 15- 64 years) Workers with decent hours definition: persons working usually 40 hours per week Time-related underemployment rate is calculated considering employed persons who actually work less than 38 hours per week as a percentage of the total employed population Time-related underemployment rate is calcultated considering employed persons who actually work up to 40 hours per week and are actually available to work more hours as share of total employed persons Workers with decent hours definition: persons working between 35-48 hours weekly Time-related underemployment rate is calcultated considering all employed persons who were working less than 35 hours Accordind to the Ethiopian legal act n° 377/2003, the normal working hours for the private sector is supposed to be 48 hours per week, while civil servants should work 39 hours per week Workers with decent hours include those who are neither working excessive hours nor underemployed. Time-related underemployment rate is calculated considering people who work less than the normal working hours (48/39 h.) and were available to work more hours during the specified reference period. Employed persons aged 15 and above with a total hours worked of 49 and more as a percentage of the total population employed of the same category. Time-related underemployment rate is calculated considering people who work less than 40 hours and are willing to work more hours as a percentage of the same population group of the labour force. Employed persons working more than 48 hours per week as a share of total employed population Workers with decent hours definition: persons working between 35-48 hours weekly Time-related underemployment rate is calculated considering employed persons who actually work less than 35 hours per week and are actually available to work more hours as share of total employed persons. The survey don't give data on number of hours worked. So, this indicator is calculated considering people who declare to be not satisfied by the level of their revenues, what it's called "invisible underemployment". Workers with decent hours definition: persons working between 33 - 45 hours weekly Number of employed persons who are willing and available to work more hours than their usual number of hours (it vary from sector to sector) as a % of total employed persons aged 15 to 64 years Employed persons usually working more than 48 hours per week as a share of total employed population (aged 7 and over) Excessive hours are computed considering the population aged 7 years and over Rate of workers with decent hours is computed considering the population aged 7 years and over Workers with decent hours definition: persons working between 36-44 hours weekly in urban areas and between 36-48 hours weekly in rural areas. Time-related underemployment indicator is computed considering the population aged 15 years and over Time-related underemployment rate is calculated considering employed persons usually working less than 48 hours, willing and available to work more hours. Employed persons working more than 48 hours per week as a share of total employed population This indicator refers to persons who work normal hours (48 hours) and to persons working less than 48 hours but not willing to work more more hours. Time-related underemployment refers to the proportion of employed persons who are willing and available to work more hours than those worked in all their jobs, represented as a percentage of total employment. Workers with more than 40 hours per week Time-related underemployment is calculated considering employed persons who have worked less than 40 hours per week during the last seven days Employed persons working more than 48 hours per week as a share of total employed population (aged 15- 64 years) Workers with decent hours definition: persons working between 40-48 hours weekly This indicator is calculated considering people working 48 hours per week Time-related underemployment rate is calcultated considering all employed persons who were working less than 48 hours

  43. This indicator is measured as a sub-set within employment for those who work less than 35 hours in the reference week and wanted to work additional hours and were available to do so. Employed population aged 15 and above working more than 48 hours per week (usual hours), as share of total employed population aged 15 years and above. Employed population who are neither working excessive hours nor underemployed, as a percentage of total employed population Employed persons were considered to be in current time-related underemployment if he/she (a) worked less than 40 hours in all activities during the week preceding the interview; (b) the reason for working less than 40 hours was not illness, disability or age; school or training; leave, holiday or family obligations (funeral, sick child, etc; did not want to work more hours; or housework duties) and (c) stated he/she was available to work more hours in the previous week. Definition ? Time-related underemployment rate is calculated considering employed persons working less than 40 hours per week, willing and available to work additional hours within the last seven days. Total number of hours worked by an individual is calculated by multiplying the average number of hours actually worked per day during the reference period by 6 in order to ensure comparability of data from 2005 and 2008. Employed population aged 15 and above working more than 48 hours per week (usual hours), as share of total employed population aged 15 years and above. This indicator is calculated considering people that work less than or equal to 48 hours per week excluding those in time-related underemployment Time-related underemployment rate is calculated considering people who work less than 48 hours and are willing to work more hours.

  44. 5.1 Child labour (5-17 year) , % Country Age min travail 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... ... Egypt N ... ... Morocco N 15 yr ... Tunisia N ... ... Benin 14 yr 30.66 W Burkina Faso W 12 yr 39.30 Cape Verde W 14 yr … Guinea Bissau W 14 yr ... Liberia ... ... W Mali W 12 yr 55.31 14 yr W Mauritania Age gp 7-17 3.98 5.72 Niger W 14 yr 42.09 Nigeria W - ... 39.40 Senegal 12 yr 12.62 W Cameroon M 14 yr 27.89 Ethiopia E 14 yr ... Mauritius E 16 yr ... Tanzania 14 yr 31.30 27.50 E Uganda E 12 yr … Zambia E 13 yr 36.43 22.80 Namibia S 14 yr ... South Africa 15yr S 5.3 Share of children in employment, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 14.49 12.28 11.35 12.32 11.17 10.54 10.61 9.77 8.60 7.91 7.19 Tunisia N ... Benin W 5-17 34.04 Burkina Faso W 5-17 51.65 58.44 41.10 31.71 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W 5-17 15.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 68.30 Mauritania W ... Niger W 5-17 50.40 Nigeria … W Senegal W 5-17 19.70 Cameroon M 10-17 20.40 42.00 53.00 39.60 Ethiopia E 5-17 54.70 57.20 Mauritius 12-17 5.60 4.60 7.40 5.20 4.70 4.10 3.20 3.80 2.30 2.50 E Tanzania E ... Uganda E ... Zambia E 5-17 45.84 33.73 Namibia 6-17 71.90 S South Africa S 7-17 24.21

  45. 5.1 Male child labour (5-17 year) , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin 30.41 W Burkina Faso W 45.50 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W 56.53 W Mauritania 4.90 6.91 Niger W 40.90 Nigeria W 38.30 Senegal 16.98 W Cameroon M … Ethiopia E Mauritius E Tanzania 32.80 30.80 E Uganda E Zambia E 37.30 23.56 Namibia S ... South Africa ... S 5.3 Share of male children in employment, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 17.83 16.11 15.26 15.85 13.89 13.26 13.31 12.46 10.95 10.44 9.65 Tunisia N ... Benin W 5-17 33.51 Burkina Faso W 5-17 51.58 59.93 47.70 31.71 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W 5-17 12.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 68.70 Mauritania W ... Niger W 5-17 47.70 Nigeria … W Senegal W 25.60 Cameroon M 10-17 19.10 42.00 53.50 42.30 Ethiopia E 5-17 49.40 52.10 Mauritius 12-17 7.90 7.10 10.40 7.10 6.30 5.40 4.30 5.70 3.20 3.70 E Tanzania E ... Uganda E ... Zambia E 5-17 46.78 34.81 Namibia 6-17 71.20 S South Africa S 7-17 23.76

  46. 5.1 Female child labour (5-17 year) , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin 30.94 W Burkina Faso W 32.80 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W 53.98 W Mauritania 3.02 4.53 Niger W 43.24 Nigeria W 30.10 Senegal 8.21 W Cameroon M … Ethiopia E Mauritius E Tanzania 29.70 24.00 E Uganda E Zambia E 35.55 22.01 Namibia S ... South Africa ... S 5.3 Share of female children in employment, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 11.03 8.32 7.29 8.63 8.38 7.73 7.80 6.96 6.14 5.29 4.61 Tunisia N ... Benin W 5-17 34.65 Burkina Faso W 5-17 51.72 56.80 34.00 31.27 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W 5-17 18.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 68.00 Mauritania W ... Niger W 5-17 53.10 Nigeria … W Senegal W 13.80 Cameroon M 21.70 42.10 52.50 36.90 Ethiopia E 5-17 58.80 62.00 Mauritius 12-17 3.30 1.90 4.30 3.20 3.00 2.80 2.10 1.90 1.50 1.10 E Tanzania E ... Uganda E ... Zambia E 5-17 44.89 32.63 Namibia 6-17 72.50 S South Africa S 7-17 24.67

  47. 5.1 Urban child labour (5-17 year) , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin 16.25 W Burkina Faso W 21.70 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W 45.08 W Mauritania 1.51 3.10 Niger W 19.76 Nigeria W 24.60 Senegal 8.03 W Cameroon M … Ethiopia E Mauritius E Tanzania 12.00 10.70 E Uganda E Zambia E 9.56 10.94 Namibia S ... South Africa ... S 5.2 Share of urban children in employment, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 2.59 2.17 1.92 1.93 1.78 1.65 1.69 1.68 1.59 1.36 1.17 Tunisia N ... Benin W 5-17 18.40 Burkina Faso W 5-17 15.10 15.60 23.20 10.76 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W 5-17 7.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 62.50 Mauritania W ... Niger W 5-17 25.80 Nigeria … W Senegal W 10.40 Cameroon M 10-17 6.60 16.60 25.50 18.40 Ethiopia E 5-17 39.20 41.90 Mauritius 12-17 6.40 5.30 8.40 6.60 5.40 3.60 3.40 4.90 3.10 2.60 E Tanzania E ... Uganda E ... Zambia E 5-17 12.54 16.59 Namibia 6-17 39.20 S South Africa S ...

  48. 5.1 Rural child labour (5-17 year) , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin 38.26 W Burkina Faso W 42.30 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W 60.15 W Mauritania 5.83 7.61 Niger W 49.59 Nigeria W 46.70 Senegal 15.24 W Cameroon M … Ethiopia E Mauritius E Tanzania 36.40 32.30 E Uganda E Zambia E 50.00 28.83 Namibia S ... South Africa ... S 5.2 Share of rural children in employment, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 23.21 19.64 18.23 20.11 18.93 18.03 18.32 16.74 14.66 13.87 12.77 Tunisia N ... Benin W 5-17 42.30 Burkina Faso W 5-17 58.80 65.99 44.10 35.42 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W 5-17 23.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 71.10 Mauritania W ... Niger W 5-17 58.70 Nigeria … W Senegal W 25.00 Cameroon M 10-17 27.90 54.90 66.40 52.30 Ethiopia E 5-17 19.60 18.80 Mauritius 12-17 5.50 4.40 7.20 5.00 4.60 4.20 3.20 3.60 2.20 2.40 E Tanzania E ... Uganda E ... Zambia E 5-17 62.66 42.46 Namibia 6-17 86.30 S South Africa S ...

  49. Country Indicator Benin All Burkina Faso Child Labour in % Burkina Faso Share of Children in Employment in % Cameroon Child Labour in % Cameroon Share of Children in Employment in % Côte d'Ivoire Child Labour in % Ethiopia All Guinea Bissau Share of Children in Employment in % Mali All Mali Share of Children in Employment in % Mauritania Child Labour in % Mauritius Share of Children in Employment in % Morocco Share of Children in Employment in % Namibia Share of Children in Employment in % Niger All Nigeria Child Labour in % Senegal Child Labour in % Senegal Share of Children in Employment in % South Africa Share of Children in Employment in % Tanzania Child Labour in % Zambia All

  50. Sources ENTE 2008 ENTE 2006 EBCVM 2003, QUIBB 2005, ENTE 2006, QUIBB 2007 ENTE 2007, taken from "Résumé sur le travail des enfants 2007" report available on the National Statistics Office http://www.statistics- cameroon.org/downloads/Resume_sur_le_travail_des_enfants_fr.pdf ECAM 2001, 2007, EESI 2005, 2010 ENTE 2005, 2008 LFS 1999, Child Labour Force Survey 2001 ILAP 2010 ENTE 2005, taken from UCW-SIMPOC Working paper written by Y. Diallo (July 2008): "Les activités des enfants en Afrique subsaharienne: les enseignements des enquêtes sur le travail des enfants en Afrique de l'Ouest". ENTE 2005, data provided by the national consultant EPCV 2004, 2008 CMPHS 2001-2010 ENE 2000-2010 NCAS 2005 ENTE 2009 National Modular Child Labour Survey, Nigeria 2000/2001 ENTES 2005 ENTES 2005 Survey of Activities of Young People 2010 ILFS 2000/01, 2006 LFS 2005, 2008

  51. Comment

  52. Country Indicator Categories Year Benin Child Labour in % All All Benin Share of Children in Employment in % All All Burkina Faso Child Labour in % All All Share of Children in Employment in Burkina Faso All All % Share of Children in Employment in Ethiopia All All % Mali Child Labour in % All All Share of Children in Employment in Mali All All % Mauritania Child Labour in % All All Share of Children in Employment in Mauritius All All % Share of Children in Employment in Morocco All All % Share of Children in Employment in Namibia All All % Niger Child Labour in % All All Nigeria Child Labour in % All 2001 Senegal Child Labour in % All All Share of Children in Employment in Senegal All All % Share of Children in Employment in South Africa All All % Tanzania Child Labour in % All All

  53. Zambia Child Labour in % All All

  54. Comment Detailed "child labour"definition is given in Ente Survey Final Report (2008), p. 26 available from ILO website http://labordoc.ilo.org/record/437701. Detailed "Share of Children in Employment" definition is provided in Ente Survey Final Report (2008), p.8 available from ILO website http://labordoc.ilo.org/record/437701. Detailed "child labour" definition is given in Burkina Faso-Rapport ENTE 2006, p.34-40, available on INSD website http://www.insd.bf/fr/IMG/Rapport_ENTE_INSD-BIT_oct08.pdf Detailed "Share of Children in Employment" definition is given in Burkina Faso-Rapport ENTE 2006, p.34-40, available on INSD website http://www.insd.bf/fr/IMG/Rapport_ENTE_INSD-BIT_oct08.pdf This indicator refers to total children aged 5-17 years working in productive activities (do not include those in domestic activities) Detailed "child labour" definition is given in UCW-SIMPOC working paper (July 2008), p.21-22, available on http://www.ucw-project.org/attachment/STyacouba_SSA_act_enf20110420_122230.pdf Age group 7-17 years This indicator refers to the number of employed children aged 12 to 17 years as a percentage of total number of children aged 12 to 17 years Définition des enfants travailleurs: Le code de travail établit à l’article 143 l’âge de quinze ans, comme une limite générale pour l’admission d’un mineur par un employeur. Les exceptions à cette règle sont citées aux articles 145 et 147 où des travaux, tels que l’emploi salarié en tant que comédien ou interprète dans les spectacles publics, l’exercice d'acrobaties, de contorsion ou l’exécution de tout autre travail comportant des risques sur la vie, la santé ou la moralité sont interdits aux mineurs de moins de 18 ans. Le législateur a inséré également un article préventif (146) interdisant le lancement de « ...toute publicité abusive incitant les mineurs à s'adonner à la profession d'artiste et à en souligner le caractère lucratif ». Le code aborde en outre, le sujet des conditions de travail des enfants. Il confie à l'agent chargé de l'inspection du travail, le droit de requérir un examen de santé de tous les mineurs salariés âgés de moins de dix-huit ans, de manière à vérifier si le travail dont ils sont chargés n'excède pas leurs capacités. En cas d’excès, l’inspecteur du travail a le droit d'ordonner, sans préavis, le renvoi des mineurs de leur travail. Les articles 149, 150 et 151 ont été consacrés aux sanctions applicables en cas d’infraction d’un des articles cités. La règle générale fixée par l’article 171 est l’interdiction de l’emploi des mineurs de moins de seize ans dans des emplois nocturnes. Les mineurs âgés de dix-sept à dix-huit ans (et donc autorisés au travail de nuit) doivent bénéficier, entre deux journées de travail de nuit, d’un repos dont la durée ne peut être inférieure à onze heures consécutives comprenant obligatoirement la période de travail de nuit. La question des travaux souterrains est abordée lors de l’article 179 interdisant ce type de travaux aux mineurs âgés de moins de dix-huit ans. Les sanctions prévues en cas de violation de cet article sont décrites par l’article 183. Enfin, le code énonce le principe général concernant les travaux dangereux. Il interdit l’emploi des mineurs de moins de 18 ans dans des travaux « susceptibles d'entraver leur croissance ». Les travaux dangereux sont énumérés par l'article premier du Décret n° 2- 04-682 du 29 Décembre 2004 fixant les travaux interdits aux mineurs de mpoins de 18 ans, aux femmes et aux salariés handicappés. This indicator refers to working children, 6-17 years who undertook any economic activity during the last 7 days prior to the interview for at leats one hour Data from ENTE 2009 Report Child labour refers to paid or unpaid work that occurs in any sector, including domestic, informal and agricultural sectors, that is harmful to children’s mental, physical, social or moral development of the child in the modern society; any work that deprives children the opportunity to attend school, obliges them to leave school permanently or requires them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work. Detailed "child labour" definition is given in Senegal ENTE 2005 Rapport d'analyse, p. 52-58, available on the National Statistics Office's website http://www.ansd.sn/publications/rapports_enquetes_etudes/enquetes/Rapport_ENTES.pdf Detailed "child labour" definition is given in Senegal ENTE 2005 Rapport d'analyse, p. 52-58, available on the National Statistics Office's website http://www.ansd.sn/publications/rapports_enquetes_etudes/enquetes/Rapport_ENTES.pdf This indicator refers to children aged 7 to 17 involved in an economic activity. Child labour definition according to the definition used by ILO-SIMPOC for producing Global Estimates. The data may differ from previouly published results that drew on a different methodology.

  55. Child labour rate comprises the share of children (aged 5-17) who are employed in hazardous work, who are employed below the minimum age and in work that cannot be considered as permissible light work, as defined by the conceptual framework of ILO estimation of child labour.

  56. 5.1 Child labour (5-17 year) , % Country Age min travail 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 15 yr ... Tunisia N ... Benin 14 yr 30.66 W Burkina Faso W 12 yr 58.54 Cape Verde W ? 4.77 4.22 5.73 3.50 11.50 5.37 4.63 Côte d'Ivoire W 14 yr 18.59 19.53 Guinea Bissau 14 yr ... W Liberia W ... Mali W 12 yr 55.31 14 yr W Mauritania Age gp 7-15 3.98 5.72 Niger W 14 yr 42.09 Nigeria 39.40 W Senegal W 12 yr 12.62 Cameroon M 14 yr 27.89 Ethiopia E 14 yr ... Mauritius 16 yr ... E Tanzania E 14 yr 31.30 27.50 Uganda E Zambia E 13 yr 36.43 22.80 Namibia 14 yr ... S South Africa S ... 5.3 Economically Active Children, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 14.49 12.28 11.35 12.32 11.17 10.54 10.61 9.77 8.60 7.91 7.19 Tunisia N ... Benin W 5-17 34.04 Burkina Faso W 5-17 51.65 58.44 31.71 Cape Verde W … Côte d'Ivoire W Guinea Bissau W 5-17 15.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 68.30 Mauritania ... W Niger W 5-17 50.40 Nigeria W … Senegal W 5-17 54.10 Cameroon 10-17 20.40 42.00 53.00 39.60 M Ethiopia E 5-17 54.70 57.20 Mauritius E 12-17 5.60 4.60 7.40 5.20 4.70 4.10 3.20 3.80 2.30 2.50 Tanzania E ... Uganda ... E Zambia E 5-17 45.84 33.73 Namibia S 6-17 71.90 South Africa S 7-17 24.21

  57. 5.1 Male child labour (5-17 year) , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin 30.41 W Burkina Faso W 56.32 Cape Verde W 5.69 5.38 7.11 4.97 13.07 6.20 5.32 Côte d'Ivoire W 19.39 20.12 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W 56.53 W Mauritania 4.90 6.91 Niger W 40.90 Nigeria 38.30 W Senegal W 16.98 Cameroon M 28.32 Ethiopia E Mauritius E Tanzania E 32.80 30.80 Uganda E Zambia E 37.30 23.56 Namibia ... S South Africa S ... 5.3 Male economically active children, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 17.83 16.11 15.26 15.85 13.89 13.26 13.31 12.46 10.95 10.44 9.65 Tunisia N ... Benin W 5-17 33.51 Burkina Faso W 5-17 51.58 59.93 31.71 Cape Verde W … Côte d'Ivoire W Guinea Bissau W 5-17 12.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 68.70 Mauritania ... W Niger W 5-17 47.70 Nigeria W … Senegal W 56.40 Cameroon 10-17 19.10 42.00 53.50 42.30 M Ethiopia E 5-17 49.40 52.10 Mauritius E 12-17 7.90 7.10 10.40 7.10 6.30 5.40 4.30 5.70 3.20 3.70 Tanzania E ... Uganda ... E Zambia E 5-17 46.78 34.81 Namibia S 6-17 71.20 South Africa S 7-17 23.76

  58. 5.1 Female child labour (5-17 year) , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin 30.94 W Burkina Faso W 60.89 Cape Verde W 3.85 3.01 4.37 2.01 10.16 4.54 3.93 Côte d'Ivoire W 17.82 18.88 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W 53.98 W Mauritania 3.02 4.53 Niger W 43.24 Nigeria 30.10 W Senegal W 8.21 Cameroon M 27.45 Ethiopia E Mauritius E Tanzania E 29.70 24.00 Uganda E Zambia E 35.55 22.01 Namibia ... S South Africa S ... 5.3 Female economically active children, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 11.03 8.32 7.29 8.63 8.38 7.73 7.80 6.96 6.14 5.29 4.61 Tunisia N ... Benin W 5-17 34.65 Burkina Faso W 5-17 51.72 56.80 31.27 Cape Verde W … Côte d'Ivoire W Guinea Bissau W 5-17 18.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 68.00 Mauritania ... W Niger W 5-17 53.10 Nigeria W … Senegal W 49.90 Cameroon 21.70 42.10 52.50 36.90 M Ethiopia E 5-17 58.80 62.00 Mauritius E 12-17 3.30 1.90 4.30 3.20 3.00 2.80 2.10 1.90 1.50 1.10 Tanzania E ... Uganda ... E Zambia E 5-17 44.89 32.63 Namibia S 6-17 72.50 South Africa S 7-17 24.67

  59. 5.1 Urban child labour (5-17 year) , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin 16.25 W Burkina Faso W 41.97 Cape Verde W 2.47 1.52 3.96 2.44 4.55 2.79 2.83 Côte d'Ivoire W 16.38 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W 45.08 W Mauritania 1.51 3.10 Niger W 19.76 Nigeria 24.60 W Senegal W 8.03 Cameroon M 13.05 Ethiopia E Mauritius E Tanzania E 12.00 10.70 Uganda E Zambia E 9.56 10.94 Namibia ... S South Africa S ... 5.2 Urban economically active children, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 2.59 2.17 1.92 1.93 1.78 1.65 1.69 1.68 1.59 1.36 1.17 Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W 5-17 15.10 15.60 10.76 Cape Verde W … Côte d'Ivoire W Guinea Bissau W 5-17 7.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 62.50 Mauritania ... W Niger W 5-17 25.80 Nigeria W … Senegal W 58.80 Cameroon 10-17 6.60 16.60 25.50 18.40 M Ethiopia E 5-17 39.20 41.90 Mauritius E 12-17 6.40 5.30 8.40 6.60 5.40 3.60 3.40 4.90 3.10 2.60 Tanzania E ... Uganda ... E Zambia E 5-17 12.54 16.59 Namibia S 6-17 39.20 South Africa S ...

  60. 5.1 Rural child labour (5-17 year) , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin 38.26 W Burkina Faso W 61.32 Cape Verde W 7.16 7.15 7.68 4.68 16.52 8.36 6.99 Côte d'Ivoire W 20.65 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W 60.15 W Mauritania 5.83 7.61 Niger W 49.59 Nigeria 46.70 W Senegal W 15.24 Cameroon M 34.73 Ethiopia E Mauritius E Tanzania E 36.40 32.30 Uganda E Zambia E 50.00 28.83 Namibia ... S South Africa S ... 5.2 Rural economically active children, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 23.21 19.64 18.23 20.11 18.93 18.03 18.32 16.74 14.66 13.87 12.77 Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W 5-17 58.80 65.99 35.42 Cape Verde W … Côte d'Ivoire W Guinea Bissau W 5-17 23.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 71.10 Mauritania ... W Niger W 5-17 58.70 Nigeria W … Senegal W 53.00 Cameroon 10-17 27.90 54.90 66.40 52.30 M Ethiopia E 5-17 19.60 18.80 Mauritius E 12-17 5.50 4.40 7.20 5.00 4.60 4.20 3.20 3.60 2.20 2.40 Tanzania E ... Uganda ... E Zambia E 5-17 62.66 42.46 Namibia S 6-17 86.30 South Africa S ...

  61. Country Indicator Sources Benin All ENTE 2008 Burkina Faso Child Labour in % ENTE 2006 Burkina Faso Economically Active Children in % EBCVM-03, QUIBB-05, QUIBB-07 Cameroon Child Labour in % ENTE 2007 Cameroon Economically Active Children in % ECAM 2001, 2007, EESI 2005, 2010 Cape Verde Child Labour in % RGPH 2000, 2010, EBCM 2001/02, LFS 2005, 2008, 2009, QUIBB 2007 Côte d'Ivoire Child Labour in % ENTE 2005, 2008 Ethiopia All LFS 1999, Child Labour Force Survey 2001 Guinea Bissau Economically Active Children in % ILAP 2010 Mali All ENTE 2005 Mauritania Child Labour in % EPCV 2004, 2008 Mauritius Economically Active Children in % CMPHS 2001-2010 Morocco Economically Active Children in % ENE 2000-2010 Namibia Economically Active Children in % NCAS 2005 Niger All ENTE 2009 Nigeria Child Labour in % National Modular Child Labour Survey, Nigeria 2000/2001 Senegal Child Labour in % ENTES 2005 Senegal Economically Active Children in % ENTES 2005 South Africa Economically Active Children in % Survey of Activities of Young People 2010 Tanzania Child Labour in % ILFS 2000/01, 2006 Zambia All LFS 2005, 2008

  62. Comment ECAM 2001, 2007, EESI 2005, 2010 RGPH 2000, 2010, EBCM 2001/02, LFS 2005, 2008, 2009, QUIBB 2007 LFS 1999, Child Labour Force Survey 2001 National Modular Child Labour Survey, Nigeria 2000/2001 Survey of Activities of Young People 2010

  63. Country Indicator Categories Year 2000, 2002, 2008, Cape Verde Child Labour in % All 2009, 2010 Cape Verde Child Labour in % All 2006, 2007 Mauritania Child Labour in % All All Niger Child Labour in % All All Nigeria Child Labour in % All 2001 Tanzania Child Labour in % All All

  64. Comment Age group are 10-17 years Age group are 6-17 years Age group 7-17 years Data from ENTE 2009 Report Child labour refers to paid or unpaid work that occurs in any sector, including domestic, informal and agricultural sectors, that is harmful to children’s mental, physical, social or moral development of the child in the modern society; any work that deprives children the opportunity to attend school, obliges them to leave school permanently or requires them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work. Child labour definition according to the definition used by ILO-SIMPOC for producing Global Estimates. The data may differ from previouly published results that drew on a different methodology.

  65. Forced Labour in Niger 2009 (%) Adults % of economically active % of total population population Total 1.4 1.1 Male 1.2 1.0 Female 1.6 1.2 Rural 1.6 1.4 Niamey 0.7 0.4 Other cities 0.4 0.3 Sources: INS-Niger. 2011. Enquête Nationale sur le Travail des Enfants au Niger 2009, Volet: Travail forcé des adultes et des enfants. (Niamey)

  66. Forced Labour in Niger 2009 (%) Children % of economically active % of total children children 2.8 1.4 3.3 1.6 2.4 1.3 3.1 1.8 1.3 0.1 1.3 0.5 Sources: INS-Niger. 2011. Enquête Nationale sur le Travail des Enfants au Niger 2009, Volet: Travail forcé des adultes et des enfants.

  67. 5.1 Child labour (5-17 year) , % Country Age min travail 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 15 yr ... Tunisia N ... Benin 14 yr 30.66 W Burkina Faso W 12 yr 58.54 Cape Verde W ? 4.77 4.22 5.73 3.50 11.50 5.37 4.63 Côte d'Ivoire W 14 yr 18.59 19.53 Guinea Bissau 14 yr ... W Liberia W ... Mali W 12 yr 55.31 14 yr W Mauritania Age gp 7-15 3.98 5.72 Niger W 14 yr 42.09 Nigeria 39.40 W Senegal W 12 yr 12.62 Cameroon M 14 yr 27.89 Ethiopia E 14 yr ... Mauritius 16 yr ... E Tanzania E 14 yr 31.30 27.50 Uganda E Zambia E 13 yr 36.43 22.80 Namibia 14 yr ... S South Africa S ... 5.3 Economically Active Children, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 14.49 12.28 11.35 12.32 11.17 10.54 10.61 9.77 8.60 7.91 7.19 Tunisia N ... Benin W 5-17 34.04 Burkina Faso W 5-17 51.65 58.44 31.71 Cape Verde W … Côte d'Ivoire W Guinea Bissau W 5-17 15.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 68.30 Mauritania ... W Niger W 5-17 50.40 Nigeria W … Senegal W 5-17 54.10 Cameroon 10-17 20.40 42.00 53.00 39.60 M Ethiopia E 5-17 54.70 57.20 Mauritius E 12-17 5.60 4.60 7.40 5.20 4.70 4.10 3.20 3.80 2.30 2.50 Tanzania E ... Uganda ... E Zambia E 5-17 45.84 33.73 Namibia S 6-17 71.90 South Africa S 7-17 24.21

  68. 5.1 Male child labour (5-17 year) , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin 30.41 W Burkina Faso W 56.32 Cape Verde W 5.69 5.38 7.11 4.97 13.07 6.20 5.32 Côte d'Ivoire W 19.39 20.12 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W 56.53 W Mauritania 4.90 6.91 Niger W 40.90 Nigeria 38.30 W Senegal W 16.98 Cameroon M 28.32 Ethiopia E Mauritius E Tanzania E 32.80 30.80 Uganda E Zambia E 37.30 23.56 Namibia ... S South Africa S ... 5.3 Male economically active children, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 17.83 16.11 15.26 15.85 13.89 13.26 13.31 12.46 10.95 10.44 9.65 Tunisia N ... Benin W 5-17 33.51 Burkina Faso W 5-17 51.58 59.93 31.71 Cape Verde W … Côte d'Ivoire W Guinea Bissau W 5-17 12.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 68.70 Mauritania ... W Niger W 5-17 47.70 Nigeria W … Senegal W 56.40 Cameroon 10-17 19.10 42.00 53.50 42.30 M Ethiopia E 5-17 49.40 52.10 Mauritius E 12-17 7.90 7.10 10.40 7.10 6.30 5.40 4.30 5.70 3.20 3.70 Tanzania E ... Uganda ... E Zambia E 5-17 46.78 34.81 Namibia S 6-17 71.20 South Africa S 7-17 23.76

  69. 5.1 Female child labour (5-17 year) , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin 30.94 W Burkina Faso W 60.89 Cape Verde W 3.85 3.01 4.37 2.01 10.16 4.54 3.93 Côte d'Ivoire W 17.82 18.88 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W 53.98 W Mauritania 3.02 4.53 Niger W 43.24 Nigeria 30.10 W Senegal W 8.21 Cameroon M 27.45 Ethiopia E Mauritius E Tanzania E 29.70 24.00 Uganda E Zambia E 35.55 22.01 Namibia ... S South Africa S ... 5.3 Female economically active children, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 11.03 8.32 7.29 8.63 8.38 7.73 7.80 6.96 6.14 5.29 4.61 Tunisia N ... Benin W 5-17 34.65 Burkina Faso W 5-17 51.72 56.80 31.27 Cape Verde W … Côte d'Ivoire W Guinea Bissau W 5-17 18.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 68.00 Mauritania ... W Niger W 5-17 53.10 Nigeria W … Senegal W 49.90 Cameroon 21.70 42.10 52.50 36.90 M Ethiopia E 5-17 58.80 62.00 Mauritius E 12-17 3.30 1.90 4.30 3.20 3.00 2.80 2.10 1.90 1.50 1.10 Tanzania E ... Uganda ... E Zambia E 5-17 44.89 32.63 Namibia S 6-17 72.50 South Africa S 7-17 24.67

  70. 5.1 Urban child labour (5-17 year) , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin 16.25 W Burkina Faso W 41.97 Cape Verde W 2.47 1.52 3.96 2.44 4.55 2.79 2.83 Côte d'Ivoire W 16.38 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W 45.08 W Mauritania 1.51 3.10 Niger W 19.76 Nigeria 24.60 W Senegal W 8.03 Cameroon M 13.05 Ethiopia E Mauritius E Tanzania E 12.00 10.70 Uganda E Zambia E 9.56 10.94 Namibia ... S South Africa S ... 5.2 Urban economically active children, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 2.59 2.17 1.92 1.93 1.78 1.65 1.69 1.68 1.59 1.36 1.17 Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W 5-17 15.10 15.60 10.76 Cape Verde W … Côte d'Ivoire W Guinea Bissau W 5-17 7.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 62.50 Mauritania ... W Niger W 5-17 25.80 Nigeria W … Senegal W 58.80 Cameroon 10-17 6.60 16.60 25.50 18.40 M Ethiopia E 5-17 39.20 41.90 Mauritius E 12-17 6.40 5.30 8.40 6.60 5.40 3.60 3.40 4.90 3.10 2.60 Tanzania E ... Uganda ... E Zambia E 5-17 12.54 16.59 Namibia S 6-17 39.20 South Africa S ...

  71. 5.1 Rural child labour (5-17 year) , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin 38.26 W Burkina Faso W 61.32 Cape Verde W 7.16 7.15 7.68 4.68 16.52 8.36 6.99 Côte d'Ivoire W 20.65 Guinea Bissau ... W Liberia W ... Mali W 60.15 W Mauritania 5.83 7.61 Niger W 49.59 Nigeria 46.70 W Senegal W 15.24 Cameroon M 34.73 Ethiopia E Mauritius E Tanzania E 36.40 32.30 Uganda E Zambia E 50.00 28.83 Namibia ... S South Africa S ... 5.2 Rural economically active children, % Country Age group 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7-17 23.21 19.64 18.23 20.11 18.93 18.03 18.32 16.74 14.66 13.87 12.77 Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W 5-17 58.80 65.99 35.42 Cape Verde W … Côte d'Ivoire W Guinea Bissau W 5-17 23.00 Liberia W ... Mali W 5-17 71.10 Mauritania ... W Niger W 5-17 58.70 Nigeria W … Senegal W 53.00 Cameroon 10-17 27.90 54.90 66.40 52.30 M Ethiopia E 5-17 19.60 18.80 Mauritius E 12-17 5.50 4.40 7.20 5.00 4.60 4.20 3.20 3.60 2.20 2.40 Tanzania E ... Uganda ... E Zambia E 5-17 62.66 42.46 Namibia S 6-17 86.30 South Africa S ...

  72. Country Indicator Sources Benin All ENTE 2008 Burkina Faso Child Labour in % ENTE 2006 Burkina Faso Economically Active Children in % EBCVM-03, QUIBB-05, QUIBB-07 Cameroon Child Labour in % ENTE 2007 Cameroon Economically Active Children in % ECAM 2001, 2007, EESI 2005, 2010 Cape Verde Child Labour in % RGPH 2000, 2010, EBCM 2001/02, LFS 2005, 2008, 2009, QUIBB 2007 Côte d'Ivoire Child Labour in % ENTE 2005, 2008 Ethiopia All LFS 1999, Child Labour Force Survey 2001 Guinea Bissau Economically Active Children in % ILAP 2010 Mali All ENTE 2005 Mauritania Child Labour in % EPCV 2004, 2008 Mauritius Economically Active Children in % CMPHS 2001-2010 Morocco Economically Active Children in % ENE 2000-2010 Namibia Economically Active Children in % NCAS 2005 Niger All ENTE 2009 Nigeria Child Labour in % National Modular Child Labour Survey, Nigeria 2000/2001 Senegal Child Labour in % ENTES 2005 Senegal Economically Active Children in % ENTES 2005 South Africa Economically Active Children in % Survey of Activities of Young People 2010 Tanzania Child Labour in % ILFS 2000/01, 2006 Zambia All LFS 2005, 2008

  73. Comment ECAM 2001, 2007, EESI 2005, 2010 RGPH 2000, 2010, EBCM 2001/02, LFS 2005, 2008, 2009, QUIBB 2007 LFS 1999, Child Labour Force Survey 2001 National Modular Child Labour Survey, Nigeria 2000/2001 Survey of Activities of Young People 2010

  74. Country Indicator Categories Year 2000, 2002, 2008, Cape Verde Child Labour in % All 2009, 2010 Cape Verde Child Labour in % All 2006, 2007 Mauritania Child Labour in % All All Niger Child Labour in % All All Nigeria Child Labour in % All 2001 Tanzania Child Labour in % All All

  75. Comment Age group are 10-17 years Age group are 6-17 years Age group 7-17 years Data from ENTE 2009 Report Child labour refers to paid or unpaid work that occurs in any sector, including domestic, informal and agricultural sectors, that is harmful to children’s mental, physical, social or moral development of the child in the modern society; any work that deprives children the opportunity to attend school, obliges them to leave school permanently or requires them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work. Child labour definition according to the definition used by ILO-SIMPOC for producing Global Estimates. The data may differ from previouly published results that drew on a different methodology.

  76. 6.1 Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work, % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 4.03 3.91 4.38 4.73 4.90 4.99 5.01 5.17 5.83 7.01 7.57 Tunisia N ... Benin 10.80 8.50 15.30 W Burkina Faso W 21.18 16.99 24.95 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W ... Mali ... W Mauritania W 17.42 18.57 Niger W 33.40 Nigeria W … Senegal W 59.03 Cameroon 11.10 12.50 25.10 M Ethiopia E 67.40 62.40 Mauritius E 1.16 0.77 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.22 0.21 Tanzania E 57.80 Uganda E 72.80 71.20 85.50 Zambia 69.35 59.10 E Namibia S 17.61 17.32 18.50 South Africa S 24.20 23.50

  77. 6.1 Male proportion of employed population in precarious types of work , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 4.83 4.47 5.01 5.33 5.75 6.05 6.01 6.30 7.09 8.50 9.02 Tunisia N ... Benin 11.60 8.90 17.80 W Burkina Faso W 35.31 15.66 23.76 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W ... Mali ... W Mauritania W 16.84 18.99 Niger W 35.40 Nigeria W … Senegal W 54.92 Cameroon 12.70 13.50 24.30 M Ethiopia E 64.90 59.20 Mauritius E 0.72 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.45 0.24 0.17 Tanzania E 58.40 Uganda E 72.10 72.00 87.30 Zambia 63.69 53.60 E Namibia S 14.49 14.42 18.14 South Africa S 23.50 22.70 6.1 Female proportion of employed population in precarious types of work , % 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 1.97 2.31 2.51 3.12 2.74 2.26 2.38 2.20 2.45 2.91 3.63 Tunisia ... N Benin W 10.00 8.10 13.10 Burkina Faso W 7.68 18.27 26.10 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W 24.34 17.59 Niger W 24.60 Nigeria W … Senegal 63.94 W Cameroon M 9.50 11.50 25.90 Ethiopia E 72.30 67.20 Mauritius E 2.05 1.18 1.76 1.75 1.72 0.18 0.27 Tanzania E 56.50 Uganda 77.60 69.30 82.00 E Zambia E 75.39 65.20 Namibia S 21.07 21.04 18.95 South Africa S 25.20 24.60

  78. 6.1 Urban proportion of employed population in precarious types of work , % 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 3.33 2.94 3.76 4.82 5.00 4.98 4.19 4.30 4.85 5.50 6.27 Tunisia N ... Benin 5.40 6.50 10.10 W Burkina Faso W 18.91 13.19 15.40 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W ... Mali ... W Mauritania W 17.78 17.90 Niger W 17.30 Nigeria W … Senegal W 28.33 Cameroon 9.80 18.50 10.40 M Ethiopia E 52.60 53.20 Mauritius E 1.66 0.62 1.11 0.82 0.61 0.17 0.29 Tanzania E 54.70 Uganda E 72.10 65.80 78.20 Zambia 27.20 25.10 E Namibia S 9.86 11.13 21.56 South Africa S ... 6.1 Rural proportion of employed population in precarious types of work , % 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 4.59 4.73 4.92 4.65 4.83 5.01 5.72 5.96 6.76 8.46 8.83 Tunisia ... N Benin W 14.20 9.50 18.60 Burkina Faso W 21.53 17.63 26.93 Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W 17.17 19.38 Niger W 39.90 Nigeria W … Senegal 72.91 W Cameroon M 11.70 9.50 33.80 Ethiopia E 88.10 78.10 Mauritius E 1.09 0.80 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.23 0.20 Tanzania E 64.40 Uganda 74.30 74.20 89.30 E Zambia E 84.20 71.90 Namibia S 25.65 25.73 16.71 South Africa S ...

  79. Country Indicator Benin Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work Burkina Faso Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work Cameroon Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work Ethiopia Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work Mauritania Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work Mauritius Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work Morocco Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work Namibia Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work Niger Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work Senegal Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work South Africa Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work Tanzania Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work Uganda Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work Zambia Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work

  80. Sources Comment EMICOV 2006, 2007, 2010 EBCVM 2003, QUIBB 2005, 2007 ECAM 2007, EESI 2005, 2010 LFS 1999, 2005 EPCV 2004, 2008 CMPHS 2001-2010 ENE 2000-2010 NLFS 2000, 2004, 2008 ENBC 2007/08 ENTES 2005 LFS 2006-2007 ILFS 2000/01, 2006 Indicators were recalculated on the basis of the micro-data. UNHS 2002/03, 2005/06, 2009/10 LFS 2005, 2008

  81. Country Indicator Categories Year Benin Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All Burkina Faso Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All Cameroon Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All Ethiopia Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All Mauritania Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All Mauritius Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All Morocco Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All Namibia Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All Niger Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All Senegal Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All South Africa Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All Tanzania Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All Uganda Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All Zambia Proportion of employed population in precarious types of work All All

  82. Comment Precarious types of work refer to temporary, seasonnal or casual jobs. Working age population is 15 and above for this indicator. Precarious types of work refer to temporary, seasonnal or casual jobs. Precarious types of work refer to casual workers employed for a day, for a task or for the season. Precarious employment consists of those paid employees aged 15-64 years working as temporary, contractual and casual workers, as a percentage of total paid employees of same age. Precarious types of work refer to works done by persons without contract including temporary, casual and seasonnal jobs. This indicator refers to number of employed persons who have worked less than their usual hours during the reference week because the work was temporary or part time as a % of total number employed Precarious types of work refer to casual and seasonal jobs plus internships. This indicator is calculated taking only into account paid employees. Precarious types of work refer to temporary paid employees or piece workers. Precarious types of work refer to temporary, seasonnal or casual jobs. Proportion of paid employees in precarious types of work (temporary, part-time and seasonnal workers) Precarious types of work refer to paid employmen t with casual contract (written or oral) and temporary employment (on contract) , as a percentage of all paid employment Definition not indicated by country Precarious types of workers refer to temporary, part-time* and seasonal workers. * P art-time workers are considered to be in precarious employment only if they are willing to work more hours . The willingness to work more hours is interpreted as involuntary part-time employment.

  83. 7.2 Female share of employment in high-status occupations (ISCO-88 groups 11, 12), % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 12.15 11.26 10.94 14.63 12.89 13.58 14.18 16.63 16.70 16.82 18.41 Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W 23.10 Cape Verde W 43.43 32.26 29.58 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W ... Mali ... W Mauritania W 28.15 29.93 Niger W ... Nigeria W 41.06 40.01 39.71 39.59 39.60 39.10 Senegal W ... Cameroon M ... Ethiopia 15.00 11.00 E Mauritius E 19.34 18.04 24.91 20.53 25.03 15.89 19.94 23.17 26.03 26.62 Tanzania E 11.70 17.40 Uganda E ... Zambia E 39.24 26.70 Namibia S 47.33 44.36 53.52 43.85 49.46 43.97 South Africa 32.17 32.82 31.50 33.64 31.89 S 7.2 Female share of employment in high-status occupations (ISCO-88 groups 11, 12) in agriculture, % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 8.25 0.00 0.00 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W 30.90 33.39 Niger W ... Nigeria W 41.53 40.32 27.38 24.78 27.70 36.70 Senegal W ... Cameroon ... M Ethiopia E 14.40 20.30 Mauritius E 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.20 5.48 0.00 24.44 0.00 0.00 44.94 Tanzania E ... Uganda E ... Zambia E ... Namibia 44.53 36.80 51.01 36.54 50.57 21.58 S South Africa S 25.65 8.49 30.01 35.69 11.02

  84. 7.2 Female share of employment in high-status occupations (ISCO-88 groups 11, 12) in industry, % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 7.92 4.74 3.90 7.77 6.60 6.90 7.05 9.89 9.79 12.22 11.81 Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W 9.47 Cape Verde W 25.24 20.04 6.09 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W ... Mali ... W Mauritania W 46.74 50.30 Niger W ... Nigeria W 41.19 40.12 35.29 34.97 35.40 39.30 Senegal W ... Cameroon M ... Ethiopia 13.00 0.00 E Mauritius E 11.59 23.43 18.03 15.11 15.01 11.50 7.25 17.80 16.67 19.64 Tanzania E ... Uganda E ... Zambia E ... Namibia S 36.93 26.56 37.36 29.53 29.51 37.80 South Africa 30.32 32.17 29.26 31.93 29.05 S

  85. 7.2 Female share of employment in high-status occupations (ISCO-88 groups 11, 12) in services, % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 13.67 13.21 13.06 17.14 14.70 15.71 16.67 19.33 19.26 18.81 20.54 Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W 30.32 Cape Verde W 50.11 36.21 28.40 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W ... Mali ... W Mauritania W 31.55 30.87 Niger W ... Nigeria W 41.03 39.98 40.87 40.86 40.90 42.20 Senegal W ... Cameroon M ... Ethiopia 15.20 6.20 E Mauritius E 22.14 16.53 27.69 21.91 28.58 17.76 23.76 25.05 28.89 28.46 Tanzania E ... Uganda E ... Zambia E ... Namibia S 56.05 56.22 52.02 51.97 57.76 59.42 South Africa 41.13 38.15 42.14 40.19 42.42 S

  86. 7.2 Female share of employment in high-status occupations (ISCO-88 groups 11, 12) in urban areas, % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 12.50 11.45 11.07 14.90 13.45 14.27 14.40 17.21 17.22 17.07 18.49 Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W 24.42 Cape Verde W 45.37 30.22 27.00 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W ... Mali ... W Mauritania W 31.52 29.95 Niger W ... Nigeria W 40.92 39.86 45.57 45.27 45.50 42.30 Senegal W ... Cameroon M ... Ethiopia 14.90 16.30 E Mauritius E 14.63 18.94 18.12 30.49 27.43 16.71 17.65 24.77 29.43 29.61 Tanzania E ... Uganda E ... Zambia E ... Namibia S 45.37 43.40 46.68 45.09 45.77 45.15 South Africa 31.29 33.79 32.89 S 7.2 Female share of employment in high-status occupations (ISCO-88 groups 11, 12) in rural areas, % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 3.54 4.53 5.27 8.16 3.57 2.86 8.44 5.90 3.09 9.39 16.43 Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W 16.66 Cape Verde W 35.87 45.29 51.35 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W 25.19 29.84 Niger W ... Nigeria W 41.05 40.00 39.95 39.80 39.90 37.90 Senegal W ... Cameroon ... M Ethiopia E 15.30 11.10 Mauritius E 19.95 17.92 26.27 19.43 24.72 15.81 20.26 22.99 25.71 26.24 Tanzania E ... Uganda E ... Zambia E ... Namibia 49.37 45.30 52.63 42.15 53.93 41.94 S South Africa S 35.04 31.11 18.22

  87. 7.3 Gender wage gap, % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W ... Mali ... W Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria W 41.43 7.53 28.28 50.82 46.52 45.06 Senegal W ... Cameroon M … Ethiopia 38.80 E Mauritius E 41.45 38.71 39.39 39.96 36.33 38.61 34.96 36.52 37.12 36.92 Tanzania E 50.50 40.30 Uganda E ... Zambia E ... Namibia S 13.13 South Africa 28.59 30.01 S

  88. 7.3 Gender wage gap in paid employment, % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 28.92 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W ... Mali ... W Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria W … Senegal W ... Cameroon M … Ethiopia 38.80 E Mauritius E 41.08 37.20 37.36 36.89 34.63 35.82 33.47 36.21 37.02 35.65 Tanzania E 27.30 25.60 Uganda E ... Zambia E 17.91 Namibia S ... South Africa 23.33 23.08 S 7.3 Gender wage gap in self-employment, % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 40.72 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria W … Senegal W ... Cameroon … M Ethiopia E ... Mauritius E 41.35 42.36 48.57 56.86 50.05 57.48 44.82 45.37 41.69 53.42 Tanzania E non agricultural 56.80 43.70 Uganda E ... Zambia E ... Namibia ... S South Africa S 62.10 51.99

  89. 7.3 Gender wage gap in urban areas, % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 31.14 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W ... Mali ... W Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria W 42.49 11.90 24.40 47.69 45.06 49.12 Senegal W ... Cameroon M … Ethiopia 48.30 E Mauritius E 36.05 30.71 37.08 29.37 27.88 35.30 24.80 31.11 31.45 27.17 Tanzania E ... Uganda E ... Zambia E 10.53 Namibia S 20.76 South Africa 25.71 25.00 S 7.3 Gender wage gap in rural areas, % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W ... Cape Verde W 23.38 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W ... Niger W ... Nigeria W 39.86 2.19 32.38 53.82 48.71 45.96 Senegal W ... Cameroon … M Ethiopia E 27.10 Mauritius E 36.82 35.02 34.68 36.15 33.16 34.21 32.26 32.77 33.21 33.40 Tanzania E ... Uganda E ... Zambia E 44.98 Namibia -13.78 S South Africa S 35.37 30.00

  90. 7.4 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector, % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 21.99 21.90 21.86 23.11 22.75 22.75 21.07 20.72 20.84 20.64 21.09 Tunisia N ... Benin W 6.30 1.90 1.80 Burkina Faso W 23.97 26.34 26.08 Cape Verde W 41.82 41.05 55.72 48.62 45.28 43.17 40.97 42.62 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W 24.60 Mali ... W Mauritania W 21.11 Niger W 17.20 Nigeria W 41.40 52.00 49.00 48.80 49.40 48.40 Senegal W 31.40 31.40 31.40 30.10 35.50 35.50 37.50 27.80 Cameroon M 25.10 26.10 27.20 29.70 Ethiopia 39.00 16.70 E Mauritius E 34.27 35.35 35.41 35.39 34.85 35.67 35.85 36.79 37.07 37.87 Tanzania E 31.70 30.50 Uganda E 24.30 28.60 28.30 34.60 Zambia E 27.75 29.60 Namibia S 33.22 46.46 46.43 48.88 48.11 South Africa 43.85 44.95 44.50 S

  91. 7.4 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector, in urban areas % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 26.21 26.41 26.24 27.52 26.98 26.94 25.17 24.86 24.88 24.69 25.06 Tunisia N ... Benin W 5.70 4.00 3.50 Burkina Faso W 25.11 26.86 26.77 Cape Verde W 40.64 42.38 54.60 48.37 46.74 44.39 42.35 43.57 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W ... Mali ... W Mauritania W 24.62 Niger W 21.60 Nigeria W 45.30 53.00 47.00 48.10 48.60 45.60 Senegal W … Cameroon M 17.30 16.80 16.20 19.00 Ethiopia 39.50 36.40 E Mauritius E 33.09 35.46 35.21 35.84 34.28 34.86 34.59 34.89 35.10 37.76 Tanzania E ... Uganda E 32.90 39.60 32.40 40.60 Zambia E … Namibia S 45.56 43.63 45.25 44.30 45.52 South Africa 43.43 44.70 44.17 S 7.4 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector, in rural areas % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N ... Morocco N 9.25 8.47 8.37 9.27 10.24 10.52 10.00 9.53 9.77 9.65 10.56 Tunisia N ... Benin W 6.60 0.80 0.70 Burkina Faso W 19.34 23.69 24.20 Cape Verde W 43.85 38.67 57.98 49.05 41.91 41.25 37.27 39.96 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W 12.75 Niger W 8.00 Nigeria W 40.20 51.60 50.60 49.60 50.40 50.00 Senegal W … Cameroon 22.20 22.70 23.70 26.50 M Ethiopia E 37.70 13.40 Mauritius E 34.45 35.34 35.43 35.33 34.94 35.80 36.03 37.07 37.37 37.88 Tanzania E ... Uganda E 18.00 22.70 26.10 31.30 Zambia E … Namibia 53.58 51.06 49.99 55.19 55.05 S South Africa S 45.74 46.08 45.98

  92. 7.5 Female share of employment by major occupational group (ISCO-88), % 1_ 3_ 5_ Service 6_ Skilled 8_ Plant and Legislators, Technicians workers and agricultural 7_ Craft and machine 9_ Last year Classification Total 0_ Armed administrato 2_ and associate shop sales and fishery related operators Elementary Country available used employment forces rs and Professionals professionals 4_ Clerks workers workers workers and occupations 10_ Others Algeria N 2004 ISCO-88 17.43 ... 4.87 31.61 37.02 36.99 6.69 17.71 26.77 1.92 12.11 ... Egypt N 2007 ISCO-88 21.33 ... 11.11 33.80 34.27 29.47 10.46 31.70 3.47 4.28 9.38 ... Morocco N 2010 NNP 26.89 ... 18.41 39.90 33.75 38.29 9.91 19.62 15.81 3.04 38.99 ... Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso W ... ISCO-88 Cape Verde W 2010 ISCO-88 … 3.51 38.22 55.71 38.49 57.77 60.37 28.73 9.61 9.43 57.05 0.00 Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia W 2010 ISCO-08 49.40 ... 19.70 37.70 27.70 20.50 65.60 46.80 28.60 15.90 54.60 ... Mali ... W Mauritania W ... ISCO-88 Niger W ... Nigeria W 2010 ISCO-88 36.20 … 44.90 17.70 28.30 28.40 54.30 57.30 29.60 40.00 14.40 … Senegal W Cameroon M ... Ethiopia 2005 ISCO-88 48.10 ... 19.70 28.90 30.80 56.10 68.00 26.50 68.80 21.90 67.70 ... E Mauritius E 2010 NCO 35.61 ... 26.71 37.98 48.27 57.72 40.71 22.09 12.73 26.71 42.55 ... Tanzania E 2006 TASCO 51.10 ... 16.50 35.00 39.10 50.70 47.70 53.80 23.00 12.90 58.50 ... Uganda E 2009 ISCO-88 51.60 ... 7.89 46.57 40.53 64.13 54.78 56.43 33.29 4.42 39.49 ... Zambia E 2008 ISCO-88 48.10 ... 26.80 38.70 38.60 45.10 50.00 51.50 24.60 9.50 39.50 … Namibia S 2008 ISCO-88 43.97 ... 44.84 59.31 53.05 69.34 55.91 22.50 16.77 5.70 54.77 ... South Africa 2010 ISCO-88 43.42 ... 29.73 45.45 54.99 68.84 45.00 27.79 11.61 14.02 41.63 96.07 S

  93. Country Indicator Sources Algeria All Laborsta and STI (from 2006 onwards), data computed from LFS in both database Benin All EMICOV 2006, 2007, 2010 Burkina Faso All EBCVM 2003, QUIBB 2005, 2007 Cameroon All ECAM 2001, 2007 EESI 2005, 2010 Cape Verde All RGPH 2000, 2010, EBCM 2001/02, LFS 2005, 2008, 2009, QUIBB 2007 Egypt All Laborsta and STI (from 2006 onwards), data computed from LFS in both database Ethiopia All LFS 1999, 2005 Liberia All LFS 2010 Mauritania All EPCV 2004, 2008 Mauritius All CMPHS 2001-2010 Morocco All ENE 2000-2010 Namibia All Census 2001, NLFS 2000, 2004, 2008, NHIES 2003/04, NIDS 2006 Niger All ENBC 2007/08 Nigeria All GHS 2005-2010 Senegal All National Accounts, RGPH 2002, ENTES 2005, ESPS 2006, ENDEM 2008, ENTICS 2009 South Africa All LFS 2006-2010 Tanzania All ILFS 2000/01, 2006 Uganda All UNHS 1999/00, 2002/03, 2005/06, 2009/10 Zambia All LFS 2005, 2008

  94. Comment Laborsta and STI (from 2006 onwards), data computed from LFS in both database Laborsta and STI (from 2006 onwards), data computed from LFS in both database Data are estimated using national accounts and the distribution by sex and area calculated in the household surveys Indicators were recalculated on the basis of the micro-data

  95. Country Indicator Categories Year Comment Share of women in wage employment in the non- Women in wage employment in all sector including agriculture . THIS INDICATOR IS NOT COMPARABLE Benin All All agricultural sector WITH THOSE OF OTHER COUNTRIES Share of women in wage employment in the non- Women in wage employment in all sectors including the agricultural sector . THIS INDICATOR IS NOT Burkina Faso All All agricultural sector COMPARABLE WITH THOSE OF OTHER COUNTRIES Share of women in wage employment in the non- Women in wage employment in all sector including agriculture . THIS INDICATOR IS NOT COMPARABLE Cameroon All All agricultural sector WITH THOSE OF OTHER COUNTRIES Gender wage gap is the difference between the average monthly earnings of men and average monthly Cape Verde Gender wage gap All All earnings of women as a % of average earnings of men Share of women in wage employment in the non- Women in wage employment in all sector including agriculture . THIS INDICATOR IS NOT COMPARABLE Cape Verde All All agricultural sector WITH THOSE OF OTHER COUNTRIES Ethiopia All All All Indicators refer to ISCO-88 classification Gender wage gap is the difference between the average monthly earnings of men and average monthly Ethiopia Gender wage gap All All earnings of women as a % of average earnings of men Share of women in the non-agricultural sector was derived from status in employment (all employees Share of women in wage employment in the non- excluding those in agriculture where considered as in wage employment); share of women is calculated Ethiopia All All agricultural sector as women employees aged 15-64 years as a percentage of total employed population in wage employment in non-agricultural sector, in the same age group. Female share of employment by major occupational group Liberia All 2010 Data taken from LFS 2010 report, table 8.2, p.67. The classification of occupation is ISCO-08 . (ISCO-88) Share of women in wage employment in the non- Liberia Total 2010 Data computed from the LFS 2010 microdata by ILO Statistical Department agricultural sector Women in employment ( all types of employment ) and including the agricultural sector are Share of women in wage employment in the non- Mauritania All All considered in these indicators. THIS INDICATOR IS NOT COMPARABLE WITH THOSE OF OTHER agricultural sector COUNTRIES Indicators refer to National Classification of Occupations (NCO), an adapted version of the international Mauritius All All All ISCO-88 Number of females in sub major group 11 (Leagislators and administrators) and 12 (Directors and Mauritius Female share of employment in high-status occupations All All Managers) of ISCO 88 as a % of total employed within those two groups Gender wage gap is the difference between the average monthly earnings of men and average monthly Mauritius Gender wage gap earnings of women as a % of average earnings of men Indicators refer to the National Classification of Occupations, a really close adaptated version of the Morocco All All All international ISCO-88 Morocco Female share of employment in high-status occupations All All Number of females in major group 1 of ISCO 88 as a % of total employed in these group. Share of women in wage employment in the non- Women in wage employment in all sectors including the agricultural sector are considered in these Morocco All All agricultural sector indicators. THIS INDICATOR IS NOT COMPARABLE WITH THOSE OF OTHER COUNTRIES Share of women in wage employment in the non- Niger All Women in wage employment in all sector including agriculture . agricultural sector Women in employment ( all types of employment ) and including the agricultural sector are Share of women in wage employment in the non- Senegal General All considered in these indicators. THIS INDICATOR IS NOT COMPARABLE WITH THOSE OF OTHER agricultural sector COUNTRIES South Africa All All All Indicators refer to ISCO-88 classification Gender wage gap is the difference between the average monthly earnings of men and average monthly South Africa Gender wage gap All All earnings of women as a % of average earnings of men Indicators refer to Tanzania Standard Classification of Occupations (TASCO) major groups; refers to main activity of population currently employed under the standard definition and aged 15 and avove. Figures Tanzania Female share of employment in high-status occupations All All for different years are not strictly comparable due to differences in coding of questionnaire responses. Subsistence farmers are included in major group 6. Gender wage gap is the difference between the average monthly earnings of men and average monthly Tanzania Gender wage gap All All earnings of women as a % of average earnings of men Uganda All All All Definition Zambia All All All Indicators refer to ISCO-88 classification Gender wage gap is the difference between the average monthly earnings of men and average monthly Zambia Gender wage gap All All earnings of women as a % of average earnings of men Zambia Gender wage gap Urban / Rural All This ratio is calculated only for paid employment.

  96. 8.1 Reported occupational injuries all sectors, total , % Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Algeria N ... Egypt N 44370 36143 32649 32839 26994 Morocco N ... Tunisia N ... Benin W ... Burkina Faso 3369 3233 3089 2268 3548 2143 1512 W Cape Verde W … Guinea Bissau W ... Liberia ... W Mali W ... Mauritania W ... Niger W 106 127 130 111 99 104 79 72 86 113 Nigeria W Senegal W 1701 1587 1393 1185 Cameroon M 372 582 617 Ethiopia E 1576 1013 3581 1130 2862 1422 9020 2846 3027 5438 6745 Mauritius E 4272 3836 3627 3137 2948 2876 2920 2150 1361 Tanzania E 552 552 479 558 603 582 743 478 Uganda E ... Zambia 1147 335 554 1085 1364 1388 876 982 923 E Namibia S 27 14 38 49 35 South Africa S ...

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