SLIDE 1
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+
SLIDE 2 :(?-(@A+;(##-&0+<6BCCC
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- I-#$"##(D+G&-0)+J(>%*$(.(0)+#E#)(.#+
SLIDE 3
;(##-&0+<6,+I-#$"##-&0+Q"(#F&0#CCC
RQSA+T/*)+*J(+)/(+*0*)&.-$*%+J(M-&0#+*0D+P*#-$+ #)J"$)"J(#+&=+)/(+#>-0(U+ RQSA+T/*)+*J(+)/(+>J-.*JE+="0$F&0#+&=+)/(+#>-0(U+ RQSA+V&@+@&"%D+@(+)(#)+)/(+.($/*0-$*%+ >J&>(JF(#+&=+)/(+#>-0(U+ RQSA+T/*)+.($/*0-$*%+>J&>(JF(#+.-M/)+@(+ (N>($)U+ RQSA+T/E+@&"%D+@(+$*J(+*P&")+)/(#(+>J&>(JF(#U+
SLIDE 4 ;)J"$)"J(#+&=+)/(+;>-0(H+
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D E A B C Cervical Spine [7] Thoracic Spine [12] Lumbar Spine [5] Sacrum [5 fused] Coccyx [4 fused]
SLIDE 5 ;)J"$)"J(#+&=+)/(+;>-0(H+
W;X+Y+W"0$F&0*%+ ;>-0*%+X0-)+
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Facet Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Spinous process Vertebral Body Ligamentum Flavum Supraspinous Ligament Interspinous Ligament Disc Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Pedicle Transverse Process Facet Spinous Process 6
!"#$%&#'() *&+,-./ )
Spinal Canal
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RQSA+T/*)+*J(+)/J((+>J-.*JE+="0$F&0#+&=+)/(+ #>-0(U+
SLIDE 7 BD*>)(D+=J&.+B$$-D(0)*%+10G"JE+(D-)(D+PE+4*/".+*0D+!(%?-0+
!&?(.(0)+&=+)/(+;>-0(H+
SLIDE 8
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RQSA+V&@+@&"%D+@(+)(#)+)/(+.($/*0-$*%+ >J&>(JF(#+&=+)/(+#>-0(U+
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SLIDE 9 Z*0G*P-+K<9`5L+
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\J*D-F&0*%+.()J-$#+
Displacement
N.Z. R.O.M. S1 S2
Energy
Load
SLIDE 10 aD(P%-$'+K<996Lb+4-M/F0M*%(+K<99`L+
,-&.($/*0-$*%+\(#F0MH+
SLIDE 11 T/-)(+*0D+Z*0G*P-+K<997Lc+BD*.#+K<99dLc+4-M/F0M*%(+K6776Lc+_/-0M+K677dL+
RQSA+T/*)+.($/*0-$*%+>J&>(JF(#+@&"%D+@(+ (N>($)U+
;Fe+f+W*-%"J(+ _(J?-$*% + \/&J*$-$ + [".P*J + W%(N-&0+ Cg]C5+f+<5]67 + <]g+f+g7]d7 + 6]g+f+`5]677 + 3N)(0#-&0+ C5]<+f+<h]6<+ + 6]g + 6]g + [*)C+,(0D-0M+ C5]<+f+6d]6i + 6]g + 6]g + \&J#-&0+ <]6 + 6]g + g]5 + ;Fe0(##A+4].fD(M+f+W*-%"J(+[&*DA+4].+
ZJ&>(JF(#+&=+)/(+;>-0(H+
SLIDE 12
,-&.($/*0-$*%+\(#F0MH+
B,[+;>-0(+;-."%*)&J+f+;/(*J+)(#F0M+
SLIDE 13
,-&.($/*0-$*%+\(#F0MH+
B,[+;>-0(+;-."%*)&J+
SLIDE 14
,-&.($/*0-$*%+\(#F0MH+
2"J+.()J-$#+
SLIDE 15 \E>-$*%+>%&)#CCC+
ZJ&>(JF(#+&=+)/(+;>-0(H+
! !
SLIDE 16 4&0])J*D-F&0*%+>%&)#CCC+
ZJ&>(JF(#+&=+)/(+;>-0(H+
!
X Z Y FE LB FE+LLB FE+RLB
W;X+B+ W;X+,+
SLIDE 17 ;)*P-%-)E ++++++++++\J(*).(0) +
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RQSA+T/E+@&"%D+@(+$*J(+*P&")+)/(-J+>J&>(JF(#U+
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NZ NZ
SLIDE 18 _*#(+;)"DE+O<A+Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+
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$/-%D+$J*#/+)(#)+D"..-(#H+
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jJ(*)(#)+_/*%%(0M(UUU+ k+V".*0+Z(D-*)J-$+\-##"(#H+
SLIDE 19
! ;-.-%*J+?(J)(PJ*%+*J$/-)($)"J(+ ! X>J-M/)+$(J?-$*%+*%-M0.(0)+ ! B?*-%*P%(+*$J&##+@-D(+*M(+J*0M(+
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g]V3+n(*J#+ <6]V3+n(*J#+
SLIDE 20 I(?(%&>.(0)*%+BM(+
;)J*)(MEA+,*P&&0+I*)*+)&+3#F.*)(+V".*0+_/-%D +
!($/*0-$*%+ZJ&>(J)E+
Baboon Data
(Child-to-Adult)
Human Adult Human Child
_*#(+;)"DE+O<A+Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+
SLIDE 21
_*#(+;)"DE+O<A+Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+
;>($-.(0+ZJ(>*J*F&0A+
SLIDE 22
_*#(+;)"DE+O<A+Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+
\(#)+B>>*J*)"#(#+
SLIDE 23
\(0#-&0A+_5]_h+
_*#(+;)"DE+O<A+Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+
SLIDE 24
Failure Load (N)!
10 H.E. n = 40
y = 492.25x0.1532 R2 = 0.9832
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Loading Rate (mm/sec)
Oc-C2 C3-C4 C5-C6 C7-T1 Power Fit
\(0#-%(+:*)(+3e($)# +
_*#(+;)"DE+O<A+Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+
SLIDE 25
[*)+,(0D-0MA+ _5]_hc+<7+J*Df#+
_*#(+;)"DE+O<A+Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+
SLIDE 26
5 10 20 30 40
Time (msec) Moment (Nm)
100
Force (N)
Mx My Mz Fx Fy Fz
C5-C6 Specimen
_*#(+;)"DE+O<A+Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+
SLIDE 27 ,(0D-0M+W*-%"J(+\&%(J*0$( +
Failure Moment (N-m)!
y = 0.4007x + 2.313 R
2 = 0.9105
y = 0.5175x + 2.7728 R
2 = 0.9826
3 6 9 12 15 5 10 15 20 25
Developmental Age (H.E. Years)
Extension Flexion
n = 16
V".*0+;"PG($)#+,-&.($/*0-$#+T&J'#/&>+K6776L+
_*#(+;)"DE+O<A+Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+
SLIDE 28
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_*#(+;)"DE+O<A+Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+
SLIDE 29 W*-%"J(+[&*D+K4L+
_&.>J(##-?(+:*)(+3e($)# +
0+Y+di+
_*#(+;)"DE+O<A+Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+
7+ <777+ 6777+ g777+ d777+ 5777+ h777+ 7+ 5+ <7+ <5+ 67+ 65+ g7+
I(?(%&>.(0)*%+BM(+KVC3C+n(*J#L++
+<777+..f#($+ +<+..f#($+ +;(J-(#+<+
SLIDE 30 7+ <77+ 677+ g77+ d77+ 577+ h77+ `77+ i77+ 977+ 7+ <7+ 67+ g7+ d7+
VC3C+BM(+Kn(*J#L+
,*P&&0+I*)*+ ,*P&&0+I*)*+W-)+ ,*P&&0+W-)+;/-p(D+ V".*0+I*)*+
q*%-D*F&0A+_&.>J(##-?(+;Fe0(## +
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_g]_5+_&.>J(##-?(+;Fe0(##+K4f..L+
Human Adults
_*#(+;)"DE+O<A+Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+
SLIDE 31 _*#(+;)"DE+O6A+;>-0*%+BJ)/J&>%*#)E+
;>-0*%+W"#-&0+
- ++;)*0D*JD+&=+$*J(+K<957#LH+
- ++dg7c777+="#-&0#+-0+6779H+
- ++t<f6+-0+$(J?-$*%+#>-0(H+
- ++[-.-)#+.&F&0H+
- ++BDG*$(0)]D-#$+D-#(*#(H+
SLIDE 32 ;>-0*%+IE0*.-$#+_&J>C+
- ++q-0$(+u+B%(N+K<99`LH+
- ++,JE*0+_(J?-$*%+I-#$H+
- ++\(#F0M+*0D+D(?(%&>.(0)H+
_*#(+;)"DE+O6A+;>-0*%+BJ)/J&>%*#)E+
SLIDE 33 \(#)+:(#"%)#
+
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SLIDE 34 /v>Aff@@@C$*J&%-0*0("J&#"JM(JEC$&.f#>-0(fPJE*0D-#$C/).%+
_*#(+;)"DE+O6A+;>-0*%+BJ)/J&>%*#)E+
