+ )/(+;>-0( :(?-(@A+;(##-&0+<6BCCC - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

!"#$"%&#'(%()*%+ ,-&.($/*0-$# + ,1234+567+8+!3+599:+ ;(##-&0+<6, + ,-&.($/*0-$#+&= + + )/(+;>-0(

:(?-(@A+;(##-&0+<6BCCC � • :(?-(@(D+)/(+)E>(#+*0D+="0$F&0+&=+G&-0)#H+ • I-#$"##(D+$&..&0+=(*)"J(#+&=+#E0&?-*%+ KD-*J)/J&D-*%L+G&-0)#+ • I-#$"##(D+@/-$/+.($/*0-$*%+>J&>(JF(#+&=+ G&-0)#+*J(+M(0(J*%%E+&=+-0)(J(#)+*0D+@/E+ • 3N*.-0(D+)/(+O<+G&-0)+D-#(*#(+*0D+/&@+ *P0&J.*%+.($/*0-$#+.-M/)+>%*E+*+J&%(+ • I-#$"##(D+G&-0)+J(>%*$(.(0)+#E#)(.#+

;(##-&0+<6,+I-#$"##-&0+Q"(#F&0#CCC � RQSA+T/*)+*J(+)/(+*0*)&.-$*%+J(M-&0#+*0D+P*#-$+ #)J"$)"J(#+&=+)/(+#>-0(U+ RQSA+T/*)+*J(+)/(+>J-.*JE+="0$F&0#+&=+)/(+#>-0(U+ RQSA+V&@+@&"%D+@(+)(#)+)/(+.($/*0-$*%+ >J&>(JF(#+&=+)/(+#>-0(U+ RQSA+T/*)+.($/*0-$*%+>J&>(JF(#+.-M/)+@(+ (N>($)U+ RQSA+T/E+@&"%D+@(+$*J(+*P&")+)/(#(+>J&>(JF(#U+

;)J"$)"J(#+&=+)/(+;>-0(H + RQSA+T/*)+*J(+)/(+P*#-$+*0*)&.-$*%+J(M-&0#+&=+)/(+ #>-0(U+ Cervical Spine [7] A Thoracic Spine [12] B Lumbar Spine [5] C Sacrum [5 fused] D E Coccyx [4 fused]

;)J"$)"J(#+&=+)/(+;>-0(H+ W;X+Y+W"0$F&0*%+ Posterior Spinous ;>-0*%+X0-)+ 5 Longitudinal Process Ligament 10 Spinal Facet Canal 6 4 Supraspinous 11 Ligament Transverse 3 Spinous Process 12 process Disc 9 Posterior 2 Longitudinal Interspinous 13 Pedicle 7 Ligament Ligament Vertebral 1 8 Anterior Body 15 Ligamentum Longitudinal 14 Facet Flavum Ligament !"#$%&#'() *&+,-./ )

W"0$F&0+&=+)/(+;>-0(H + RQSA+T/*)+*J(+)/J((+>J-.*JE+="0$F&0#+&=+)/(+ #>-0(U+ • ;">>&J)+Z/E#-&%&M-$+[&*D#+ K@/-%(+.*-0)*-0-0M+#)*P-%-)ELH+ • W*$-%-)*)(+!&?(.(0)H+ • ZJ&)($)+4("J&%&M-$*%+\-##"(#H+

!&?(.(0)+&=+)/(+;>-0(H + BD*>)(D+=J&.+B$$-D(0)*%+10G"JE+(D-)(D+PE+4*/".+*0D+!(%?-0+

,-&.($/*0-$*%+\(#F0MH+ RQSA+V&@+@&"%D+@(+)(#)+)/(+.($/*0-$*%+ >J&>(JF(#+&=+)/(+#>-0(U+ ] 3#)*P%-#/+.&D(+&=+)(#F0MH+ !"#$%&'$()*#$+&$,()#-./0) ] 2P)*-0+F##"(+#*.>%(#H+ !"12#()3,#(),#$+#4()%3526#%0) ] ZJ(>*J(+)(#)+#>($-.(0#H+ !7&%%#.-()8&4#()2'9$,0) ] ;()+">+)(#F0M+*>>*J*)"#+ !"#%-):435#();<-=4#%() 5#3%=4#5#$-)+#>&.#%()7?@0 ) *0D+^N)"J-0MH+ ] _/&&#(+)(#)+>*J*.()(J#H+ !A4#.'$+&B'$&$,() 6'3+&$,)43-#()%3526&$,) ] :"0+)(#)#H+ 43-#();6-#4&$,0)

,-&.($/*0-$*%+\(#F0MH + \J*D-F&0*%+.()J-$#+ R.O.M. Load � S 1 Energy N.Z. S 2 Displacement Z*0G*P-+K<9`5L+

,-&.($/*0-$*%+\(#F0MH + aD(P%-$'+K<996Lb+4-M/F0M*%(+K<99`L+

ZJ&>(JF(#+&=+)/(+;>-0(H + RQSA+T/*)+.($/*0-$*%+>J&>(JF(#+@&"%D+@(+ (N>($)U+ ;Fe+f+W*-%"J(+ _(J?-$*% + \/&J*$-$ + [".P*J + W%(N-&0+ Cg]C5+f+<5]67 + <]g+f+g7]d7 + 6]g+f+`5]677 + 3N)(0#-&0+ C5]<+f+<h]6<+ + 6]g + 6]g + [*)C+,(0D-0M+ C5]<+f+6d]6i + 6]g + 6]g + \&J#-&0+ <]6 + 6]g + g]5 + ;Fe0(##A+4].fD(M+f+W*-%"J(+[&*DA+4].+ T/-)(+*0D+Z*0G*P-+K<997Lc+BD*.#+K<99dLc+4-M/F0M*%(+K6776Lc+_/-0M+K677dL+

,-&.($/*0-$*%+\(#F0MH+ B,[+;>-0(+;-."%*)&J+f+;/(*J+)(#F0M+

,-&.($/*0-$*%+\(#F0MH+ B,[+;>-0(+;-."%*)&J+

,-&.($/*0-$*%+\(#F0MH+ 2"J+.()J-$#+

ZJ&>(JF(#+&=+)/(+;>-0(H + \E>-$*%+>%&)#CCC+ ! !

ZJ&>(JF(#+&=+)/(+;>-0(H + 4&0])J*D-F&0*%+>%&)#CCC+ Z FE+LLB X FE LB FE+RLB Y ! W;X+B+ W;X+,+

ZJ&>(JF(#+&=+)/(+;>-0(H+ RQSA+T/E+@&"%D+@(+$*J(+*P&")+)/(-J+>J&>(JF(#U+ NZ NZ ;)*P-%-)E ++++++++++\J(*).(0) + • I(#-M0+&=+#>-0*%+-.>%*0)#+ • 3?*%"*)(+(e($F?(0(##+&=+ #"JM-$*%+>J&$(D"J(#+ • ZJ(?(0F&0+&=+#>-0*%+ -0G"J-(#+

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ • B##-#)+-0+D(?(%&>.(0)+&=+ $/-%D+$J*#/+)(#)+D"..-(#H+ • I(?(%&>+>(D-*)J-$+W3+ .&D(%#+)&+(?*%"*)(+0($'+ -0"JE+J-#'CCC+ jJ(*)(#)+_/*%%(0M(UUU+ k+V".*0+Z(D-*)J-$+\-##"(#H+

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ • Z*>-&+B0"P-#CCC + ! ;-.-%*J+?(J)(PJ*%+*J$/-)($)"J(+ ! X>J-M/)+$(J?-$*%+*%-M0.(0)+ ! B?*-%*P%(+*$J&##+@-D(+*M(+J*0M(+ • V".*0+(l"-?*%(0)+*M(CCC + g]V3+n(*J#+ <6]V3+n(*J#+ \&.-0*M*+K<995Lc+;?(0##&0+K<9ihLc+;@-0D%(J+K<9`gLc+m"/0#+K<99iL+

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ ;)J*)(MEA+,*P&&0+I*)*+)&+3#F.*)(+V".*0+_/-%D + !($/*0-$*%+ZJ&>(J)E+ Human Adult Human Child Baboon Data (Child-to-Adult) I(?(%&>.(0)*%+BM(+

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ ;>($-.(0+ZJ(>*J*F&0A+

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ \(#)+B>>*J*)"#(#+

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ \(0#-&0A+_5]_h+

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ \(0#-%(+:*)(+3e($)# + 3500 Oc-C2 3000 Failure Load (N) ! C3-C4 y = 492.25x 0.1532 10 H.E. C5-C6 2500 n = 40 R 2 = 0.9832 C7-T1 2000 Power Fit 1500 1000 500 0 Loading Rate (mm/sec) oC+,-&.($/*0-$#+K6775L+

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ [*)+,(0D-0MA+ _5]_hc+<7+J*Df#+

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ C5-C6 Specimen 5 100 0 0 Moment (Nm) -5 -100 Force (N) -10 -200 -15 -300 Mx My Mz -20 -400 Fx Fy Fz -25 -500 0 10 20 30 40 Time (msec)

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ ,(0D-0M+W*-%"J(+\&%(J*0$( + 15 y = 0.5175x + 2.7728 Failure Moment (N-m) ! 2 = 0.9826 R 12 n = 16 Extension 9 y = 0.4007x + 2.313 2 = 0.9105 R 6 Flexion 3 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Developmental Age (H.E. Years) V".*0+;"PG($)#+,-&.($/*0-$#+T&J'#/&>+K6776L+

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ _&.>J(##-&0A+_h]\<c+577+..f#+

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ _&.>J(##-?(+:*)(+3e($)# + h777+ +<777+..f#($+ 5777+ W*-%"J(+[&*D+K4L+ +<+..f#($+ 0+Y+di+ +;(J-(#+<+ d777+ g777+ 6777+ <777+ 7+ 7+ 5+ <7+ <5+ 67+ 65+ g7+ I(?(%&>.(0)*%+BM(+KVC3C+n(*J#L++ oC+,-&.($/+30MJ+K677hL+

_*#(+;)"DE+O<A +Z(D-*)J-$+;>-0(+,-&.($/*0-$#+ _g]_5+_&.>J(##-?(+;Fe0(##+K4f..L+ q*%-D*F&0A+_&.>J(##-?(+;Fe0(## + 977+ i77+ ;Fe0(##+Y+]7C<hK*M(Lr6+s+<`C<gK*M(L+s+gh9C6i+ `77+ Human Adults h77+ 577+ ;Fe0(##+Y+]7C<hK*M(Lr6+s+<`C<gK*M(L+s+<iiC5g++ d77+ g77+ ,*P&&0+I*)*+ ,*P&&0+I*)*+W-)+ 677+ ,*P&&0+W-)+;/-p(D+ <77+ V".*0+I*)*+ 7+ 7+ <7+ 67+ g7+ d7+ VC3C+BM(+Kn(*J#L+

_*#(+;)"DE+O6A +;>-0*%+BJ)/J&>%*#)E+ ;>-0*%+W"#-&0+ • ++;)*0D*JD+&=+$*J(+K<957#LH+ • ++dg7c777+="#-&0#+-0+6779H+ • ++t<f6+-0+$(J?-$*%+#>-0(H+ • ++[-.-)#+.&F&0H+ • ++BDG*$(0)]D-#$+D-#(*#(H+

_*#(+;)"DE+O6A +;>-0*%+BJ)/J&>%*#)E+ ;>-0*%+IE0*.-$#+_&J>C+ • ++ q-0$(+u+B%(N+K<99`LH+ • ++,JE*0+_(J?-$*%+I-#$H+ • ++\(#F0M+*0D+D(?(%&>.(0)H+

_*#(+;)"DE+O6A +;>-0*%+BJ)/J&>%*#)E+ \(#)+:(#"%)# + 73C6)#-)36/()D-C)E'5*&$#+)F##B$,)G/H/I/)JKLLMN))

_*#(+;)"DE+O6A +;>-0*%+BJ)/J&>%*#)E+ /v>Aff@@@C$*J&%-0*0("J&#"JM(JEC$&.f#>-0(fPJE*0D-#$C/).%+