Y L NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR N O DISASTER RISK REDUCTION W IN INDONESIA T I R Ruswandi Tahrir Tahrir ( (ruswandi@bakornaspb.go.id ruswandi@bakornaspb.go.id) ) Ruswandi O F Director of Prevention Director of Prevention National Coordinating Agency for Disaster Managment National Coordinating Agency for Disaster Managment ( (Bakornas Bakornas PB) PB) INDONESIA INDONESIA Future Directions in Indonesian Disaster Risk Management Future Directions in Indonesian Disaster Risk Management th 2007 , May 9 th Taipeh, May 9 Taipeh 2007
GENERAL CONDITION GENERAL CONDITION • Indonesia is situated at a juncture of four major world tectonic plates; the Asian Plate, Indian Ocean Plate, Australian Plate and Y Pacific Ocean Flat L Located on crossing three mountain systems: Alpine Sundae, • N Circum Pacific and Circum Australia O More than 500 volcanoes in which 128 volcanoes are still • eruptions W • Consist of about 220 million inhabitants, unevenly distribution with made up of a mix ethnicities, community groups, religious T denominations, customs and traditions I 383 out of 440 districts/cities considered as prone areas, which • R contributing from: high number of population, high density O areas with unevenly population distribution, high income F disparity, decrease of building coverage • Most of river banks are used as low-income squatter area with high population density 2
GENERAL CONDITION GENERAL CONDITION Indonesia is the 7 th rank of the countries most hits by natural • disaster in 2005 (the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Y 2006 – 2009, World Disaster Reduction Campaign, UNESCO) L Within the last 3 years, Indonesia has experienced various • N significant disasters: O Disaster Event Date Number Killed/ Damage & W Losses (US $ ) House destroyed T Tsunami Aceh December 2004 165,708 people killed 4,450 Million I Earthquake May 2006 5,716 people killed / 3,134 Million R Yogya – Central 156,662 housings O Java Tsunami F July 2006 645 people killed / 138.7 Million Pangandaran – 1,908 housings West Java Flood Jakarta February 2007 145,742 housings 967 Million damaged (incl. indirect economic losses) 3
MAJOR ISSUES AND PROBLEMS MAJOR ISSUES AND PROBLEMS LACK OF MANAGEMENT AND PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION • Delay in the management of emergency response Y Lack of coordination in planning and programming for post- • L disaster recovery N • Institutional framework is more focus on emergency O response, rather than post-disaster recovery • Funding more emphasizes on emergency response W T LACK OF UNDERSTANDING IN DISASTER RISK REDUCTION LACK OF UNDERSTANDING IN DISASTER RISK REDUCTION I • Lack of understanding in the preparation of disaster R preparedness and risk reduction O • Lack of institutional performance in the management of risk reduction F • Lack of planning and programming for risk reduction • Lack of incorporating risk disaster mitigation into spatial plans 4
NEW PARADIGM IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT NEW PARADIGM 1. Recognizing the right for dignified life and Y livelihood and that the government responsible L to ensure the protection from disaster, which is N essence is avoidable, with no risks creation in O recovery process W 2.Reducing disaster risk factors from T unsustainable development practices that are I worsened by the impact of climate changes R 3.Being accountable to the risk community and/or O disaster-affected community and sensitivity to F gender, participatory, equity and justice perspectives 5
NEW PARADIGM IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT NEW PARADIGM Reactive Proactive Y L N O Emergency Risk Reduction Response W T I R Centralize Local Autonomy O F Government Participatory 6
NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR DPRR NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR DPRR (2006 – – 2009) 2009) (2006 • National Action Plan (NAP) for Disaster Preparedness and Risk Reduction (DPRR) has been launched early 2007 Y L N NAP specifies platforms, priorities, action plans and • mechanisms pertaining to the implementation and O institutional basis of disaster management in Indonesia W NAP elaborates interests and responsibilities of all T • stakeholders where identified through a participatory I coordination process and in line with the Hyogo Framework R for Action O F NAP provides guidelines and information that will facilitate • decision makers to pledge commitment to cross-sector and jurisdictional priority programs based on a strong and systematic foundations 7
PLATFORM FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION PLATFORM FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 1. UN Resolutions ; (a) raising community awareness, (b) ensuring the government’s commitment, (c) engaging Y community participation, and (d) reducing economic and L social losses N 2. Yokohama Strategy . It focuses on (a) systematic efforts to incorporate DRR into sustainable development, and (b) 1 O efforts to increase community resilience through capacity building for managing and reducing disaster risks Global W 3. The Hyogo Framework for Action. Adopts strategic goals; Platform T (a) sustainable development policies, planning, and programming at all levels with emphasis on disaster I prevention, mitigation, preparedness and vulnerability R reduction, (b) development and strengthening of institutions, O mechanism, and capacities at all levels, particularly F community level, and (c) systematic incorporation of risk reduction approach into the design and implementation of emergency preparedness, response and recovery programme. 8
PLATFORM FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION PLATFORM FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 1. The Beijing Action Plan ; (a) all Asian countries agree to 2 make a disaster risk reduction plan as an immediate priority, Y Regional (b) Regional cooperation in DRR in Asia supported by L existing regional and sub-regional agencies and institutions Platform N 1. The National Middle-term Development Plan (RPJM) ; O programme and activities related to DRR are generally developed independently by different sectors W 2. The Government’s Work Plan (RKP). 3 T In Law No 13/2005 on State Revenue and Expenditure I Budget for fiscal year 2006 allocates budget for implementing National R Natural Disaster Management Policy through (a) Platform enhancement of natural disaster mitigation and climate O forecasting, (b) spatial planning and natural resource F protection zoning, including disaster-prone areas in coastal and sea areas, and (c) development of a natural disaster management system and early warning system (EWS) In RKP for 2007 (through Presidential Regulation No.19/2006) two key targets; (a) continue and completion post-disaster in Aceh, Nias etc, and (b) completion of emergency response, rehabilitation and reconstruction affected by disasters in other 9 regions
5 PRIORITY ACTIVITIES 5 PRIORITY ACTIVITIES IN NAP - - DRR 2006 DRR 2006- -2009 2009 IN NAP 1. Ensure that DRR is a national and local priority with a strong institutional Y basis for L implementation N O 2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning system W T 3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to I build a culture of safety and resilience at all R level; O F 4. Reduce underlying risk factors; and 5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all level 10
IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION 1. Mechanism Y L Regulation or N Relevant line ministries and Presidential local governments O Instruction W T I Medium-term Annual R Programs Annual Gov’t Work O (stipulated in NAP) Activities Plan F 11
IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION 2. Institutional Arrangement Y L - Build a network among government institutions, N local governments, private sectors, civil society O and other relevant stakeholders W - Civil society will be involved in the institutional T arrangement and disaster risk reduction I mechanism at all levels of the government R O 3. Funding F - State budget - Local budget - Private sectors and/or community - Regional and international donors 12
IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION 4. Indicators - Number of survivors in the event of disaster Y - Lower number of injured victims L - Significant decrease of percentage communities 1 N affected by a disaster General O - Percentage of affected population counted after a certain span time after a disaster W - The availability of building and land codes - Capacity of emergency response T - Distribution of income levels I - Level of education R 2 - Level of use of medical services O Resilience - Level of employment against F - Availability and resilience of housing Disaster - Birth of mortality rate of social groups - Quality of life - Survival - Environmental resilience - Local economic resilience 13
IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION 4. Indicators a. The National Disaster Risk Index measures a country’s Y 3 level of disaster risks by looking into disaster indicators, L Geographical physical indicators and society’s social economic resilience N Aspects b.The National Disaster Resilience Index, measures O capacities for disaster risk management (DRM), institutional capacities, attention to disaster risks, funding availability W and emergency response preparedness 4 T DRR Policy Implementation and the implementation of DRR Policy and I activities support the success of disaster risk reduction R Implementation initiatives O F 14
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