Universidade Federal Rural Fisheries and Aquaculture de Pernambuco, Brazil Department Working together to combat I UU fishing to ensure the sustainability of world fish stocks: the role of COFI / FAO Speaker: Fábio H. V. Hazin (fabio.hazin@depaq.ufrpe.br; fhvhazin@terra.com.br) Departamento de Pesca e Aqüicultura/ UFRPE- Associate Professor COFI / FAO/ UN Chair
What is COFI/FAO? A bit of history… The FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) was established as a subsidiary body of the FAO Council, at the Thirteenth Session of the FAO Conference, in 1965. Since its foundation, COFI has been the only global inter- governmental forum where the major international fisheries and aquaculture problems and issues are examined and addressed, in a world-wide basis. COFI has also been the main forum in which global agreements and instruments related to fisheries and aquaculture are negotiated. The Committee held its First Session in 1966, and thereafter annually until 1975, when the sessions begun to be held biennially. So far, the Committee has held 31 sessions, the last one in June 2014. The next one will be held in 2016.
What is COFI/FAO? A bit of history… Lester Bowles Pearson presiding at a plenary session of the founding conference of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, in Quebec, in October 1945
Composition of participants of COFI 31 (2014) 27 NGOs, 96 participants COFI Members and 18% Associate Members Observers from FAO Members and Holy See 11% Observers from UN Agencies 2% 66% Observers from IGOs 3% Observers from NGOs 110 countries, 350 participants Over 600 participants!
World coverage of the participation
Participation by COFI Members (number of delegations) 140 120 100 80 Number of Delegations 60 40 20 0 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 COFI Sessions
What are the tasks of COFI/ FAO? To review the work programs of FAO in the field of fisheries and aquaculture and their implementation; To conduct periodic general reviews of international fishery problems and examine possible solutions through national, FAO, and intergovernmental programmes; To review specific matters relating to fisheries referred to it by the FAO Council or the Director-General, or at the request of Member Nations, and make recommendations as appropriate. Subcommittee on Fish Trade (1985) Subcommittee on Aquaculture (2001)
What COFI/FAO has done to combat IUU Fishing? Some background: 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (167 Parties) Entered into force in November, 1994. Article 94- Duties of the flag State Article 118- Cooperation of States in the conservation and management of living resources Article 218- Enforcement by port States 1992 The I nternational Conference on Responsible Fishing (Cancun) The Declaration of Cancún 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development 1995 Agreement for the implementation of the provisions of UNCLOS Agenda 21/ Chapter 17- Protection of the oceans, all kinds of seas, including relating to the conservation and management of straddling fish stocks and enclosed and semi-enclosed seas, and coastal areas and the protection, rational highly migratory fish stocks: The New York Agreement, UNFSA (82 Parties) use and development of their living resources Entered into force in December 11, 2001. Sustainable use and conservation of marine living resources of the high seas; Part VI - Compliance and Enforcement. Sustainable use and conservation of marine resources under national jurisdiction; Art. 19- Compliance and enforcement by the flag state Strengthening regional and international cooperation and coordination; Art. 20- I nternational cooperation in enforcement Art. 21- Subregional and regional cooperation in enforcement UNGA Resolution 47/ 192, December 22, 1992 Art. 22- Basic procedures for boarding and inspection pursuant to article 21 United Nations Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks Art. 23- Measures taken by a Port State
What COFI/FAO has done to combat IUU Fishing? Some background: 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (167 Parties) Entered into force in November, 1994. Article 94- Duties of the flag State Article 118- Cooperation of States in the conservation and management of living resources Article 218- Enforcement by port States 1992 The I nternational Conference on Responsible Fishing (Cancun) The Declaration of Cancún 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development 1995 Agreement for the implementation of the provisions of UNCLOS Agenda 21/ Chapter 17- Protection of the oceans, all kinds of seas, including relating to the conservation and management of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks: The New York Agreement, UNFSA (82 Parties) enclosed and semi-enclosed seas, and coastal areas and the protection, rational use and development of their living resources Entered into force in December 11, 2001. Sustainable use and conservation of marine living resources of the high seas; Part VI - Compliance and Enforcement. Sustainable use and conservation of marine resources under national jurisdiction; Art. 19- Compliance and enforcement by the flag state Strengthening regional and international cooperation and coordination; Art. 20- I nternational cooperation in enforcement Art. 21- Subregional and regional cooperation in enforcement UNGA Resolution 47/ 192, December 22, 1992 Art. 22- Basic procedures for boarding and inspection pursuant to article 21 United Nations Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks Art. 23- Measures taken by a Port State
2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development 31. To achieve sustainable fisheries, the following actions are required: (a) Maintain or restore stocks to levels that can produce MSY aiming at achieving these goals for depleted stocks on an urgent basis and where possible not later than 2015; (d) Urgently develop and implement national and, where appropriate, regional plans of action, to put into effect the FAO international plans of action, in particular the IPOA on Fishing Capacity, by 2005, and the IPOA on IUU Fishing, by 2004. Establish effective monitoring, reporting and enforcement, and control of fishing vessels, including by flag States, to further the IPOA on IUU Fishing; (f) Eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and to overcapacity (...). 2012 World Summit on Sustainable Development (Rio + 20) The Future we want 113. We also stress the crucial role of healthy marine ecosystems, sustainable fisheries and sustainable aquaculture for food security and nutrition and in providing for the livelihoods of millions of people. 170. We acknowledge that IUU fishing deprive many countries of a crucial natural resource and remain a persistent threat to their sustainable development. We recommit to eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing as advanced in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, and to prevent and combat these practices
2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development 31. To achieve sustainable fisheries, the following actions are required: (a) Maintain or restore stocks to levels that can produce MSY aiming at achieving these goals for depleted stocks on an urgent basis and where possible not later than 2015; (d) Urgently develop and implement national and, where appropriate, regional plans of action, to put into effect the FAO international plans of action, in particular the IPOA on Fishing Capacity, by 2005, and the IPOA on IUU Fishing, by 2004. Establish effective monitoring, reporting and enforcement, and control of fishing vessels, including by flag States, to further the IPOA on IUU Fishing; (f) Eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and to overcapacity (...). 2012 World Summit on Sustainable Development (Rio + 20) The Future we want 113. We also stress the crucial role of healthy marine ecosystems, sustainable fisheries and sustainable aquaculture for food security and nutrition and in providing for the livelihoods of millions of people. 170. We acknowledge that IUU fishing deprive many countries of a crucial natural resource and remain a persistent threat to their sustainable development. We recommit to eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing as advanced in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, and to prevent and combat these practices
2015 Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end IUU fishing (…)
What COFI/FAO has done to combat IUU Fishing? 1993 FAO Compliance Agreement (40 Parties) ARTI CLE I I I - Flag State Responsibility
What COFI/FAO has done to combat IUU Fishing? 1993 FAO Compliance Agreement (40 Parties) ARTI CLE I I I - Flag State Responsibility 1995 Code of Conduct For Responsible Fisheries 2015: 20 years of the Code!
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