Widowed stars probe BH kicks Bin C osmos Mathieu Renzo PhD in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Anton Pannekoek Institute “Widowed” stars probe BH kicks Bin C osmos Mathieu Renzo PhD in Amsterdam Collaborators: S. E. de Mink, E. Zapartas, Y. G¨ otberg, E. Laplace, R. J. Farmer, S. Toonen, S. Justham, R. G. Izzard, D. J. Lennon, H. Sana, S. N. Shore 1 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute A way to constrain BH kicks with Gaia Massive runaways mass function ( v ≥ 30 km s − 1 , M ≥ 7 . 5 M ⊙ ) 1.0 Probability × 10 5 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 M dis [ M ⊙ ] Renzo et al. , submitted, arXiv:1804.09164 2 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute A way to constrain BH kicks with Gaia Massive runaways mass function ( v ≥ 30 km s − 1 , M ≥ 7 . 5 M ⊙ ) 1.0 Probability × 10 5 0.0 1.0 0.0 BH momentum kick ( σ kick = 265 km s − 1 , fiducial) 1.0 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 M dis [ M ⊙ ] Renzo et al. , submitted, arXiv:1804.09164 2 / 32

Institute Anton Pannekoek A way to constrain BH kicks with Gaia Massive runaways mass function ( v ≥ 30 km s − 1 , M ≥ 7 . 5 M ⊙ ) 1.0 Probability × 10 5 0.0 BH: σ kick = 100 km s − 1 NS: σ kick = 265 km s − 1 1.0 (no fallback for BH) 0.0 BH momentum kick ( σ kick = 265 km s − 1 , fiducial) 1.0 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 M dis [ M ⊙ ] Renzo et al. , submitted, arXiv:1804.09164 2 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute A way to constrain BH kicks with Gaia Massive runaways mass function ( v ≥ 30 km s − 1 , M ≥ 7 . 5 M ⊙ ) BH kick=NS kick ( σ kick = 265 km s − 1 ) 1.0 (no fallback) Probability × 10 5 0.0 BH: σ kick = 100 km s − 1 NS: σ kick = 265 km s − 1 1.0 (no fallback for BH) 0.0 BH momentum kick ( σ kick = 265 km s − 1 , fiducial) 1.0 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 M dis [ M ⊙ ] Renzo et al. , submitted, arXiv:1804.09164 2 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute Outline Backup slides 3 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute Most common massive binary evolution Credits: ESO, L. Calc ¸ada, M. Kornmesser, S.E. de Mink 4 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute Spin up, pollution, and rejuvenation The binary disruption shoots out the accretor Spin up: Packet ’81, Cantiello et al. ’07, de Mink et al. ’13 Pollution: Blaauw ’93 Rejuvenation: Hellings ’83, Schneider et al. ’15 5 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute What exactly disrupts the binary? 86 + 11 − 9 % of massive binaries are disrupted Renzo et al. 18, arXiv:1804.09164 • Unbinding Matter (e.g., Blaauw ’61) • Ejecta Impact (e.g., Wheeler et al. ’75, Tauris & Takens ’98, Liu et al. ’15) • SN Natal Kick (e.g., Shklovskii ’70, Janka ’16) 6 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute What exactly disrupts the binary? 86 + 11 − 9 % of massive binaries are disrupted Renzo et al. 18, arXiv:1804.09164 • Unbinding Matter (e.g., Blaauw ’61) • Ejecta Impact (e.g., Wheeler et al. ’75, Tauris & Takens ’98, Liu et al. ’15) • SN Natal Kick (e.g., Shklovskii ’70, Janka ’16) 6 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute What exactly disrupts the binary? 86 + 11 − 9 % of massive binaries are disrupted Renzo et al. 18, arXiv:1804.09164 • Unbinding Matter (e.g., Blaauw ’61) • Ejecta Impact (e.g., Wheeler et al. ’75, Tauris & Takens ’98, Liu et al. ’15) • SN Natal Kick (e.g., Shklovskii ’70, Janka ’16) � G ( M 1 + M 2 ) v dis ≃ v pre − SN M 1 = 2 , orb M 1 + M 2 a Most binaries produce a slow “walkaway” star 6 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute SN natal kick Observationally: v pulsar ≫ v OB − stars Physically: ν emission and/or ejecta anisotropies 7 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute SN natal kick Observationally: v pulsar ≫ v OB − stars Physically: ν emission and/or ejecta anisotropies BH kicks? 7 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute Velocity distribution: Runaways Renzo et al. , submitted, arXiv:1804.09164 8 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute Velocity distribution: Walkaways Take home points: • Walkaways outnumber the runaways by ∼ 10 × • Binaries barely produce v dis � 60 km s − 1 • All runaways from binaries are post-interaction objects Renzo et al. , submitted, arXiv:1804.09164 9 / 32

Anton Pannekoek Institute Velocity distribution: Walkaways Under-production of runaways because mass transfer widens the binaries Take home points: and makes the secondary more massive • Walkaways outnumber the runaways by ∼ 10 × • Binaries barely produce v dis � 60 km s − 1 • All runaways from binaries are post-interaction objects Renzo et al. , submitted, arXiv:1804.09164 9 / 32