Why is Responsible Use so important from a One Health perspective? - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Why is Responsible Use so important from a One Health perspective? - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 18, 2024 169 likes •262 views

Why is Responsible Use so important from a One Health perspective? Professor Dame Sally C Davies, FRS Chief Medical Officer for England 1 It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin in the laboratory, and the same has

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Why is Responsible Use so important from a One Health perspective?

Professor Dame Sally C Davies, FRS Chief Medical Officer for England

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It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin in the laboratory, and the same has occasionally happened in the body.

Alexander Fleming, 1945 Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech

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HUMANS

Hospital Care facilities Urban areas Rural areas

Vegetables, seed crops, fruits & vegetables Irrigation water Soil

WILDLIFE

Sewage

AQUACULTURE

Seas & lakes Swim Drinking water Rivers & streams

Handling, preparation, consumption

Meat & fish Commercial abattoirs & processing plants

COMPANION ANIMALS

Animal feeds Direct contact Drinking water Farm effluents & manure spreading Offal

Rendering

Dead stock

FOOD ANIMALS

Swine Cattle Sheep Poultry Others

Industrial & household antimicrobial chemicals

Antibiotics Antibiotics

Food processing antimicrobials

Epidemiology

  • f AMR

Diagram based on Linton (1977), as adapted by Rebecca Irwin, Health Canada (Prescott 2000) and IFT

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Discovery void

No new class of antibiotics has been discovered for 26 years

1928 1948 1932 1943 1945 1946 1950 1952 1953 1955 1957 1947 1969 1961 1962 1971 1976 1978 1979 1987

1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

Years of Discovery of New Classes of Antibiotics

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Global Antibiotic Consumption in Livestock

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JOINT INTERAGENCY ANTIMICROBIAL CONSUMPTION AND RESISTANCE ANALYSIS

Positive associations for consumption of fluoroquinolones in food- producing animals and occurrence of resistance in E. coli from humans

Positive associations for consumption of macrolides in food- producing animals and occurrence of resistance in Campylobacter

  • spp. from humans.

Positive associations for consumption of tetracyclines in food- producing animals and occurrence of resistance in Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in humans.

Antimicrobial

consumption in humans

Antimicrobial

consumption in animals Antimicrobial resistance in humans Antimicrobial resistance in animals

Crossing the Human/Animal Border

Source: ECDC/EFSA/EMA first joint report on the integrated analysis of the consumption of antimicrobial agents and

  • ccurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals
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Challenges

  • Sanitation and hygiene
  • Clinician knowledge + Patient/public demand
  • Scientific – drugs, vaccines, diagnostics,

surveillance

  • Economic – pipeline, business models in animal

husbandry and agriculture

  • Geographical – access vs excess, global spread
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International Action

  • Successes so far:
  • WHO, FAO and OIE resolutions, 2015
  • Global Health Security Agenda – AMR action package
  • Increasing International support at the highest levels
  • UK Fleming Fund
  • Independent AMR Review
  • Diagnostic Prizes
  • Looking ahead:
  • Implementing the GAP
  • WEF
  • G20
  • G7
  • UNGA