When Do People Trust Their Social Groups? Xiao Ma Justin Cheng - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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When Do People Trust Their Social Groups? Xiao Ma Justin Cheng - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 27, 2023 224 likes •870 views

When Do People Trust Their Social Groups? Xiao Ma Justin Cheng Shankar Iyer Mor Naaman @infoxiao @jcccf @therealshankar @informor 1 Frith (2007), Lieberman (2013) 2 3 What is a "good" group? 4 What is a

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Mor Naaman Justin Cheng Shankar Iyer Xiao Ma

When Do People Trust Their Social Groups?

@jcccf @infoxiao @therealshankar @informor

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Frith (2007), Lieberman (2013)

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What is a group? "good"

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What is a group? trustworthy

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(i.e., when do people trust their social groups?)

What is a trustworthy group?

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WHY STUDY TRUST?

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Trust correlates with...

Knack & Keefer (1997), Helliwell & Putnam (1995), Uslaner (2002), Kroll (2008)

Economic
 growth Institutional
 improvements Life
 satisfaction

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WHY STUDY TRUST IN GROUPS?

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Trust in groups...

Walther & Bunz (2005), Peterson & Behfar (2003), Dirks (1999)

Improves task
 performance Reduces
 conflict Increases
 group cohesion

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When do people trust their social groups?

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TODAY

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When do people trust their social groups?

TODAY

Q1 How do we measure trust in a group? Q2 What predicts trust in a group? Q3 Can trust predict future group outcomes?

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How do we measure trust in a group?

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Q1

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WHAT IS TRUST?

Trust is a decision to be vulnerable to another party.

Mayer et al. (1995)

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FACTORS OF TRUST

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Mayer, et al. (1995)

Integrity Ability Benevolence

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LEVELS OF TRUST

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Nannestad (2008), Fine & Holyfield (1996), Rosseau, et al. 1998

Organizations Society Individuals

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LEVELS OF TRUST

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Nannestad (2008), Fine & Holyfield (1996), Rosseau, et al. 1998

Groups Organizations Society Individuals

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METHODOLOGY

Survey on
 trust in groups Augment with log data Sample individual- group pairs To measure trust in groups...

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SAMPLE INDIVIDUAL-GROUP PAIRS

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Individual 1 Group A

member of

Individual 2 Group B

member of

…

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SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS

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Individual
 differences Trust
 in groups Group
 category

1 2 3

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SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS

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World Values Survey, Barrera & Ainlay (1983), Van Vugt & Hart (2004), Miller & Mitamura (2003)

Variable Statement Disposition to trust Most people can be trusted. General social support There are people in my life who give me
 support and encouragement. General risk attitude I’m willing to take risks. General in-group loyalty I would describe myself as a “team player”.

Individual
 differences Trust
 in groups Group
 category

1 2 3

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SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS

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Mayer, et al. (1995), Rotter (1971), Johnson-George & Swap (1982), Ashleigh, et al. (2012)

Variable Statement Care Other members of the group care about my well-being. Reliability Other members of this group can be relied upon
 to do what they say they will do. Integrity Other members of this group are honest. Risk-taking I feel comfortable sharing my thoughts in this group.

Individual
 differences Trust
 in groups Group
 category

1 2 3

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SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS

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Individual
 differences Group
 category

1 3

Trust
 in groups

2

Care Reliability Integrity Risk-taking

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SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS

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"Trust in Group" Score

Average

Individual
 differences Group
 category

1 3

Trust
 in groups

2

Care Reliability Integrity Risk-taking

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SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS

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Individual
 differences Trust
 in groups Group
 category

1 2 3

Friends & Family (e.g., close friends, extended family) Education & Work (e.g., college, job, professional) Interest-based (e.g., hobby, book club, sports) Identity-based (e.g., lifestyle, health, faith, parenting) Location-based (e.g., neighborhood or local organization)

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SURVEY ON TRUST IN GROUPS

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6,383 completed survey responses (US-only)

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AUGMENTING WITH LOG DATA

De-identified, aggregated log data on group properties, group membership, and activity in the group.

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What predicts trust in a group?

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Q2

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PREDICTION FRAMEWORK

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Feature Set Example Variables

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PREDICTION FRAMEWORK

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Individual

Feature Set Example Variables Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Towards Others Disposition to trust, general social support,
 general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty

Group

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PREDICTION FRAMEWORK

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Individual Group

Feature Set Example Variables Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Towards Others Disposition to trust, general social support,
 general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Basic Group Properties & Category Group size, group privacy type, self-reported group category

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PREDICTION FRAMEWORK

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Individual Group

Feature Set Example Variables Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Towards Others Disposition to trust, general social support,
 general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Basic Group Properties & Category Group size, group privacy type, self-reported group category Group Activity Group-level and participant-group-level time spent,
 number of posts, number of likes or comments

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PREDICTION FRAMEWORK

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Abrahao, et al. (2017)

Individual Group

Feature Set Example Variables Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Towards Others Disposition to trust, general social support,
 general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Basic Group Properties & Category Group size, group privacy type, self-reported group category Group Activity Group-level and participant-group-level time spent,
 number of posts, number of likes or comments Group Homogeneity Age and gender entropy,
 similarity between participant and group average

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PREDICTION FRAMEWORK

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Individual Group

Feature Set Example Variables Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Towards Others Disposition to trust, general social support,
 general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Basic Group Properties & Category Group size, group privacy type, self-reported group category Group Activity Group-level and participant-group-level time spent,
 number of posts, number of likes or comments Group Homogeneity Age and gender entropy,
 similarity between participant and group average Group Network
 Structure Network density, average clustering coefficient,
 participant degree centrality, k-core

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PREDICTION FRAMEWORK

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Random Forest: R2 = 0.26 , MSE = 0.53 Individual Group

Feature Set Example Variables Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Towards Others Disposition to trust, general social support,
 general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Basic Group Properties & Category Group size, group privacy type, self-reported group category Group Activity Group-level and participant-group-level time spent,
 number of posts, number of likes or comments Group Homogeneity Age and gender entropy,
 similarity between participant and group average Group Network
 Structure Network density, average clustering coefficient,
 participant degree centrality, k-core

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PREDICTION FRAMEWORK

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Feature Set Example Variables Demographics Age, gender General Attitudes Towards Others Disposition to trust, general social support,
 general risk attitude, general in-group loyalty Basic Group Properties & Category Group size, group privacy type, self-reported group category Group Activity Group-level and participant-group-level time spent,
 number of posts, number of likes or comments Group Homogeneity Age and gender entropy,
 similarity between participant and group average Group Network
 Structure Network density, average clustering coefficient,
 participant degree centrality, k-core

Individual Group

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How do basic group properties relate to
 a person's trust in a group?

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TRUST IN GROUP 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 GROUP SIZE (LOG) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TRUST DECREASES WITH GROUP SIZE

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TRUST IN GROUP 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 GROUP SIZE (LOG) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

PRIVATE GROUPS ARE TRUSTED MORE...?

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Private Public

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TRUST IN GROUP 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 GROUP SIZE (LOG) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

...UNTIL THE GROUP HAS ≥ 150 MEMBERS

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* * * Private Public n = 150

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TRUST IN GROUP 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 GROUP SIZE (LOG) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

...UNTIL THE GROUP HAS ≥ 150 MEMBERS

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* * * Private Public n = 150 (Dunbar's number)

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TRUST AND GROUP CATEGORY

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MEAN TRUST IN GROUP 1 2 3 4 5 CLOSE FRIENDS EDUCATION IDENTITY INTEREST LOCAL

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TRUST AND GROUP CATEGORY

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Levin & Cross (2004), Putnam (2000)

MEAN TRUST IN GROUP 1 2 3 4 5 CLOSE FRIENDS EDUCATION IDENTITY INTEREST LOCAL

? ? ? ?

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LOCATION-BASED GROUPS HAVE LOW TRUST

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MEAN TRUST IN GROUP 1 2 3 4 5 CLOSE FRIENDS EDUCATION IDENTITY INTEREST LOCAL

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How does a group's network structure relate to
 a person's trust in a group?

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GROUP NETWORK STRUCTURE

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Group member (node) Friendship (edge) Group network Network statistics

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GROUP NETWORK STATISTICS

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Cd = 2 Degree Centrality Cd = 4 <

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GROUP NETWORK STATISTICS

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C = 1 6 Clustering Coefficient C = 3 6 = 1 2 <

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GROUP NETWORK STATISTICS

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D = 4 10 = 0.4 Network Density D = 9 10 = 0.9 <

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GROUP NETWORK STATISTICS

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Network Density Degree Centrality Clustering Coefficient

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GROUP NETWORK STATISTICS

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Network Density Degree Centrality Clustering Coefficient ...is associated with greater trust. Greater Greater Greater

Coleman (1988)

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TRUST INCREASES WITH GROUP DENSITY

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TRUST IN GROUP 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 GROUP NETWORK DENSITY 0.2 0.4 0.8 1

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Which features are most important in
 predicting trust in a group?

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FEATURE IMPORTANCE

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Demographics General Attitudes Towards Others Basic Group Properties & Category Group Activity Group Homogeneity Group Network Structure

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

22.04% 7.09% 10.96% 6.16% 20.63% 1.78%

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FEATURE IMPORTANCE

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also see Moody and White (2003)

Demographics General Attitudes Towards Others Basic Group Properties & Category Group Activity Group Homogeneity Group Network Structure

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

22.04% 7.09% 10.96% 6.16% 20.63% 1.78%

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Can trust predict future group outcomes?

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Q3

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CAN TRUST PREDICT FUTURE OUTCOMES?

Can trust predict future group size? Can trust predict new tie formation?

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CAN TRUST PREDICT NEW TIE FORMATION?

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The likelihood of the participant forming ≥ 1% new in-group ties in the month following the survey

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CAN TRUST PREDICT NEW TIE FORMATION?

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GROUPS WHERE EGO HAS MORE TIES

5% 7.5% 10% 12.5% 15%

TRUST IN GROUP

[1, 3.25) [3.25, 4) [4,4.5) [4.5,5) [5]

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GREATER TRUST LEADS TO MORE TIES

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GROUPS WHERE EGO HAS MORE TIES

5% 7.5% 10% 12.5% 15%

TRUST IN GROUP

[1, 3.25) [3.25, 4) [4,4.5) [4.5,5) [5]

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CAN TRUST PREDICT FUTURE GROUP SIZE?

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The likelihood that group size increases by ≥ 1% in the month following the survey.

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CAN TRUST PREDICT FUTURE GROUP SIZE?

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GROUPS WITH ≥ 1% GROWTH

40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70%

TRUST IN GROUP

[1, 3.25) [3.25, 4) [4,4.5) [4.5,5) [5]

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GREATER TRUST MEANS SLOWER GROWTH

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also see Backstrom, et al. (2006)

GROUPS WITH ≥ 1% GROWTH

40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70%

TRUST IN GROUP

[1, 3.25) [3.25, 4) [4,4.5) [4.5,5) [5]

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OPEN QUESTIONS

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  • What is the causal relationship between trust in group and
  • bserved behaviors?
  • Do these findings apply in other settings?
  • How may these findings inform design?
  • E.g., recommend smaller, less popular groups
  • What are other measures of "good" groups?
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Groups that are smaller, denser, and more clustered are perceived as more trustworthy. Network structure is a strong predictor of trust. Trust in a group can, in turn, predict group

  • utcomes.
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SUMMARY

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When Do People Trust Their Social Groups?

Mor Naaman Justin Cheng Shankar Iyer Xiao Ma

@jcccf @infoxiao @therealshankar @informor http://bit.ly/trust_in_groups