Water Filter for Safest Drinking- A Revolutionary Invention Beyond - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Water Filter for Safest Drinking- A Revolutionary Invention Beyond - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 11, 2024 239 likes •658 views

Water Filter for Safest Drinking- A Revolutionary Invention Beyond Expectation Dr. Shahida Akhter Professor Neonatal Unit Department of Pediatrics BIRDEM 1 Objective Dissemination of information about a, yet poorly addressed Miracle

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Water Filter for Safest Drinking- A Revolutionary Invention Beyond Expectation

  • Dr. Shahida Akhter

Professor Neonatal Unit

Department of Pediatrics BIRDEM

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Objective

Dissemination of information about a, yet poorly addressed Miracle Filter- the SONO filter Rationale: HEV is a significant health problem for pregnant mothers and fetuses, AND till date this is the only known filter that can remove this virus

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HEV: the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis in the developing worlds The overall burden - highest in parts of the world where clean drinking water is scarce, as fecal contamination of drinking water is a major route of transmission

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HEV is the leading cause of enterically- transmitted viral hepatitis Hepatitis E as sporadic disease or outbreaks have occurred in at least sixty three countries about half of these countries have reported large outbreaks (Aggarwal, 2010)

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HEV infections may be endemic A global burden of disease study estimated that HEV genotypes 1 and 2 account for approximately 20.1 million incident HEV infections, 3.4 million cases of symptomatic disease, 70,000 deaths, and 3,000 stillbirths

(Rein, 2012).

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HEV genotype 1 is associated with fulminant hepatitis and death in pregnant women and persons with pre-existing CLD.

  • HEV infection in pregnant women is

typically severe during the third trimester of pregnancy (Kumar, 2004; Khuroo, 2003)

  • Mortality rates among pregnant women in

the third trimester range from 10%-25%.

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  • The causes of death include fulminant liver

failure and obstetric complications including excessive bleeding (Hussaini, 1997; Tsega, 1993)

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South Asia: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Genotype 1 disease Seroprevalence 10-40% High mortality among pregnant women and 12 Afghanistan persons with liver disease High stillbirth in hepatitis E (35-90%) Waterborne outbreaks common

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Waterborne diseases of Public Health interest

  • 1. Rota diarrhea (several strains)
  • 2. Enteric fevers (Typhoid, Paratyphoids,
  • ther Salmonella)
  • 3. Hepatitis A
  • 4. Hepatitis E
  • 5. E. coli diarrhea
  • 6. Cholera
  • 7. Poliomyelitis …

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Infectious

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Non-infectious waterborne diseases

  • 1. Arsenicosis (Keratosis, Melanosis,

Keratomelanosis, skin cancer, liver degeneration…)

  • 2. Neurotoxicosis by Mangenese

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Non-infectious

Mucus membrane melanosis

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Vaccines available

  • 1. Rotavirus
  • 2. Hepatitis A
  • 3. Typhoid (out of market now)
  • 4. E.coli & cholera
  • 5. Poliomyelitis (bought by government)

Till date no vaccine against Hepetitis E, Which is a threat to pregnant mothers & their fetuses

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Vaccines: doses consumed + cost

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Vaccine Cost per dose (BDT) Doses Consu med / month Doses consume d in 5 yrs # of patients vaccinated in 5 yrs Cost in 5 yrs (BDT) Rota 1500 9,700

(8000+1700)

582,000 242,520 8,730,00,000 Hepatitis A (ch/ad) 800/ 1000 1,500

(800+700)

90,000 45,000 91,800,000 Cholera 1500 1200 7,2000 21,000 108,000,000 Typhoid Out of market

308,520

Total

1,072,800,000

Cost in 5 yrs (BDT in billion): 1.07 / 13.41million USD

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  • Arsenic filter available, but costly, difficult

to avail by the poor

  • No filter removes Manganese

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What do we do?

  • 1. Boil water for at least 20 minutes
  • 2. Filter
  • 3. Take vaccines whenever possible
  • 4. Often we bathe our young children with

boiled water !!!Forget about the volume/cost of Natural gas spent for boiling this billions of Liters of water!!! SONO filter is the solution

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What SONO filter is? What is it doing?

Journey of SONO in short

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ARSENIC MITIGATION THROUGH FILTRATION Zero Valent Iron (Feo) - Composite Iron Matrix (CIM)

Based on Fe0 (1999) Based on CIM (2002) Based on CIM (2006) 1000L/hr Based on CIM (2007)

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Composite Iron Granules (CIG)

CI, LCS, HCS PROCESSED CL, LCS, HCS Granular CI

CI, LCS, HCS: CAST IRON, LOW AND HIGH CARBON STEEL

COMPOSITE IRON MATRIX (CIM) : POROSITY 50 – 60 %

CIM - Fe 92-94%, C 4-5%, SiO2 1-2%, Mn 1-2%, S.P 1-2%

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Constituent USEPA (MCL) WHO, Guideline Bangladesh 3-Kolshi Waterb Sono Bucket Filter Waterb Arsenic (total)- mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.003-0.018 0.003-0.020 Iron (total) - mg/L 0.3 0.3 0.3 (1.0) 0.08 - 0.49 0.2 ± 0.02 pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 7.74 ± 0.1 7.7 ± 0.1 Sodium - mg/L 200 26.7 ± 3.1 19 - 25 Calcium - mg/L 75 (200) 59.1 ± 7.5 5 - 87 Copper - mg/L 1.3 1.0 - 2.0 1.5 0.005 <0.002 Manganese - mg/L 0.05 0.1 - 0.5 0.1 (0.5) <0.001 <0.01 Zinc - mg/L 5 3.0 5 (15) 0.01 <0.007 Aluminum -mg/L 0.05-0.2 0.2 0.1(0.2) 0.03 <0.022 Lead -mg/L 0.015 0.01 0.10 0.006 <0.004 Chromium, mg/L 0.1 0.05 0.05 <0.002 <0.002 Cadmium, mg/L 0.005 0.003 0.01 <0.001 <0.001 Barium, mg/L 2.0 0.7 1.0 0.063±0.01 <0.082 Antimony, mg/L 0.006 0.005 <0.013 <0.013 Molybdenum, mg/L 0.07 0.003 <0.002 Nickel, mg/L 0.1 0.02 <0.002 <0.002 Selenium, mg/L 0.05 0.01 <0.012 <0.002 Silver, mg/L 0.1 <0.002 <0.002 Chloride, mg/L 250 250 200 (600) 10 - 40 2.0- 12.2

Drinking water inorganic quality parameters: Comparison of SONO 3-Kolshi and

SONO filter with international and national standards.

Results include independent test results by WS Atkins. 3-Kolshi was approved by the Bangladesh Arsenic Mitigation Water Supply Project, BG for household use.

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Drinking water inorganic quality parameters: Comparison of SONO 3- Kolshi & SONO filter with international and national standards. Sono Bucket Filter Waterb Arsenic (total)- mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.003- 0.018 0.003- 0.020 Manganese

  • mg/L

0.05 0.1 - 0.5 0.1 (0.5) <0.001 <0.01

Constituent

USEPA (MCL) WHO,Guideline Bangladesh 3-Kolshi Water

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4000 ppb

80xWHO recom

7 ppb

SONOTM Arsenic Filter at Work : 4000 ppb to 7 ppb As Jagassar, Bheramara, Bangladesh

Green marked As free tube well

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Victim of Ground Water Arsenic Poisoning

Kabir 8 years Kabir at 12 yrs, 4 yrs after SONO water drinking

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Technical Performance Interim Report, October 2008

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23 [1] Levine R. Failure of sanitary well to protect against cholera and other diarrhoeas in Bangladesh. Lancet. 1976; ii:86–89. [2] M. S. Islam,1 A. Siddika,1 M. N. H. Khan,1 M. M. Goldar,1 M. A. Sadique,1 A. N. M. H. Kabir,1 Anwar Huq,2,3 and R. R. Colwell* , Microbiological Analysis of Tube-Well Water in a Rural Area of Bangladesh. Appl Environ

  • Microbiol. 2001 July; 67(7): 3328–3330.

BACTERIA IN TUBEWELL WATER?

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The CIM in combination with sand, gravel, and charcoal produced the SONO filter. Tested by three Environmental Technology Verification projects for Arsenic Mitigation (ETVAM) and Won the 2007 Grainger Challenge Gold Prize for Sustainability from the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE)

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12/20/2015

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Filter Production: Max 200 per Day

Quality Control: Particle size (sieve) Fe in raw and processed CIG As(III), As(T), Fe(II) (Ca + Mg) – Hardness Testing Conductivity, Turbidity, Redox Potential, Flow rate

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29  50 liter/day consume for 4-5 years.  About 2 million total beneficiaries.  Billions of liter safe water was consumed and the filters continue to work.

SONO Filter Use Information

49 districts 3,00,000 SONO filters

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Arsenic Crisis and SONO Filter

Arsenic crisis no specific geological features.

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SONO FI LTER PRODUCTI ON AND TRAI NI NG I N NEPAL

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US patent 8,404,210 Abul Hussam, Iron composition based water filtration system for the removal of chemical species containing Arsenic and other metal cations and anions March 26, 2013

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SUBSEQUENT RESEARCH STUDIES Removal of viruses by SONO filtration technologies

Patent Description

US Patent Application No.: 61089143 Filing Date: 15-Aug-2008

First Named Inventor: Abul Hussam Professor and Director Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Center for Clean Water and Sustainable Technologies George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA Docket No. GMU-09-008P

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Hypothesis

CIM could remove RNA viruses, such as MS2 bacteriophage from a solution

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Result

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 5 10 15 30 45 60 Control CIM

+ + + + + +

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Conclusion

CIM is able to remove 99.995% of MS2 bacteriophage from water in ∼ 15 min

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Also there are unpublished reports on its successful removal of E. coli and Salmonella

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The CIM has inherent properties to remove coliform bacteria and viruses from water at the level of drinking water quality. A patent is filed for the later: Removing Viruses from Drinking Water, US Provisional Patent Application No.: 61089143; Filed by George Mason Intellectual Properties Inc.

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Price of SONO filter

  • 3,500 BDT (45 USD)
  • Cost: <0.001 Tk/L (1USD=80 BDT)
  • Life: minimum 5 yrs

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SONO Filters: between 2001& Aug 2015

  • >400,000 SONO installed in Bangladesh,

Nepal, Pakistan, India, Egypt, Burkina Faso, USA

  • 60-180 L/day consumed for 2- 9 yr
  • > 1 million direct beneficiaries
  • >1 Billion liter consumed and continues

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AQUATIC CHEMISTRY OF ARSENIC IN GROUNDWATER

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Thank you

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