Viscosifying FR Fluids Mark Van Domelen Topics What are VFRs? - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Viscosifying FR Fluids

Mark Van Domelen

Topics

 What are VFRs?  Potential Advantages  Using VFRs with Produced Water

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Current activity

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Challenges

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R&D work

 Q & A

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What are VFRs?

VFRs are viscosifying polymers used in fracturing operations that are added to frac water in order to reduce pipe friction, develop viscosity, and transport proppant. VFR fluids are being used as alternatives to slickwater or hybrid-type frac designs.

VFR Fluid @ 3 gpt 3

Potential Advantages of VFRs

 Fewer chemicals required on location  Rapid hydration  High regain fracture conductivity  Good proppant transport  Reduced water consumption  Can be used in produced waters

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Fewer Chemicals

Crosslinked Gel Formulation

➢ Guar gel ➢ pH Control (low) ➢ pH Control (High) ➢ Instant Crosslinker ➢ Delayed Crosslinker ➢ Breaker ➢ Biocide ➢ Surfactant ➢ Scale inhibitor ➢ Clay control

VFR Formulation

➢ VFR Polymer ➢ Breaker ➢ Biocide ➢ Surfactant ➢ Scale inhibitor ➢ Clay control

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Viscosity Profiles

Test in Tap Water @ 3 gpt VFR Test in Average Quality Frac Water

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Hydration and Friction Reduction

Test in Tap Water Test in Produced Water 7

❖ Data from PropTester and StimLab Consortium ❖ All tests included breaker and surfactant

Regain Fracture Conductivity

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Regain conductivity is a measure of how well the fracturing fluid restores the original, undamaged fracture conductivity after flow through a proppant pack.

Proppant Transport (Guar vs. VFR)

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Proppant Transport Experimental Setup

Proppant Transport (Guar vs. VFR)

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VFR @ 3gpt Viscosity – 11.1 cp @ 511 sec-1 20 ppt linear guar gel Viscosity – 19.9 cp @ 511 sec-1

Proppant Transport – 1 ppg 40/70 sand

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Reduced Water Usage and Shorter Pump Times

Slickwater Design Water Used  10,810 bbls Pump Time  128 minutes

Description Fluid Type Prop Conc. (PPA) Stage Liquid Volume (GAL) Cum. Liquid Volume (GAL) Cum. Prop. Mass (LBS) Pump Rate (BPM) Cum. Time Load Well Slickwater 2,000 2,000 10 4.8 15% HCL Acid 0.00 2,000 4,000 10 9.5 Pad Slickwater 0.00 40,000 44,000 90 20.1 100 mesh Slickwater 0.50 40,000 84,000 20,000 90 30.7 100 mesh Slickwater 0.75 40,000 124,000 50,000 90 41.3 100 mesh Slickwater 1.00 40,000 164,000 90,000 90 51.9 100 mesh Slickwater 1.25 40,000 204,000 140,000 90 62.4 100 mesh Slickwater 1.50 30,000 234,000 185,000 90 70.4 40/70 mesh Slickwater 0.50 30,000 264,000 200,000 90 78.3 40/70 mesh Slickwater 0.75 30,000 294,000 222,500 90 86.2 40/70 mesh Slickwater 1.00 30,000 324,000 252,500 90 94.2 40/70 mesh Slickwater 1.25 30,000 354,000 290,000 90 102.1 40/70 mesh Slickwater 1.50 30,000 384,000 335,000 90 110.1 40/70 mesh Slickwater 1.75 30,000 414,000 387,500 90 118.0 40/70 mesh Slickwater 2.00 30,000 444,000 447,500 90 125.9 Flush Slickwater 0.00 10,000 454,000 447,500 80 128.9 Description Fluid Type Prop Conc. (PPA) Stage Liquid Volume (GAL) Cum. Liquid Volume (GAL) Cum. Prop. Mass (LBS) Pump Rate (BPM) Cum. Time Load Well HVFR 1000 1,000 10 2.4 15% HCL Acid 3,000 4,000 10 9.5 Pad HVFR 0.00 25,000 29,000 90 16.1 100 mesh HVFR 0.50 25,000 54,000 12,500 90 22.8 100 mesh HVFR 1.00 25,000 79,000 37,500 90 29.4 100 mesh HVFR 1.50 25,000 104,000 75,000 90 36.0 100 mesh HVFR 2.00 25,000 129,000 125,000 90 42.6 100 mesh HVFR 2.50 25,000 154,000 187,500 90 49.2 40/70 mesh HVFR 0.75 20,000 174,000 202,500 90 54.5 40/70 mesh HVFR 1.00 20,000 194,000 222,500 90 59.8 40/70 mesh HVFR 1.50 18,000 212,000 249,500 90 64.6 40/70 mesh HVFR 2.00 18,000 230,000 285,500 90 69.3 40/70 mesh HVFR 2.50 18,000 248,000 330,500 90 74.1 40/70 mesh HVFR 3.00 18,000 266,000 384,500 90 78.8 40/70 mesh HVFR 3.50 18,000 284,000 447,500 90 83.6 Flush HVFR 0.00 10,000 294,000 447,500 90 86.2

VFR Design Water Used  7,000 bbls Pump Time  86 minutes

30% Less Water 42 minute shorter pump time

VFRs in Produced Waters – Current Activity

General Information Water 1 Water 2

Water Fresh water

Produced water Date received 04.20.2017 04.20.2017 Fluid appearance Clear Turbid Precipitate at bottom None yes Fluid color Colorless Opaque light brown Fluid Odor None Organic smell pH 8.09 6.85 Specific gravity 1.001 1.082 Parameters Concentration Concentration Alkalinity (1) (as CaCO3 mg/L) 186 mg/L 1080 mg/L Total Hardness (1) (as CaCO3 mg/L) 376 mg/L 9530 mg/L Calcium (1) (as CaCO3 mg/L) 354 mg/L 8150 mg/L Magnesium (1) (as CaCO3 mg/L) 22 mg/L 1380 mg/L Manganese (2) (as Mn) 0.1 mg/L 11.5 mg/L Iron (2) (Fe) 0.06 mg/L 17.8 mg/L Phosphate (3) (PO4) 5 mg/L 5 mg/L Sulfate (2) (SO4) 230 mg/L 790 mg/L Barium (2) (Ba) 1 mg/L 16 mg/L Hydrogen Sulfide (4) (H2S) Free Chlorine (as Cl2) Chloride (3) (Cl) 189 mg/L 64700 mg/L TDS (5) (as conductivity at 25C) 898 mg/L 116350 mg/L

 Midland Basin Operator  Frac Design Objectives

➢ 3-4 ppg sand ➢ +/- 600k lbs per stage ➢ Started with 50:50 ratio ➢ Now pumping 100% produced water

 Over 20 wells completed using HVFR

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Thank You

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