Viruses and Apple Propagation: Why Should I Worry? Marc Fuchs - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Viruses and Apple Propagation: Why Should I Worry? Marc Fuchs - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Empire State Producers Expo Forum Are your trees clean? - Jan. 19, 2016 June 20, 2007 - Napa, CA Viruses and Apple Propagation: Why Should I Worry? Marc Fuchs Department of Plant Pathology Cornell University New York State Agricultural

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Forum June 20, 2007 - Napa, CA

Viruses and Apple Propagation: Why Should I Worry?

Marc Fuchs

Department of Plant Pathology Cornell University New York State Agricultural Experiment Station Geneva, NY 14456 mf13@cornell.edu

Empire State Producers Expo Are your trees clean? - Jan. 19, 2016

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Viruses in Apple

  • Who are the culprits?
  • How are the culprits disseminated?
  • What are optimal management strategies?
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Viruses in Apple

  • Who are the culprits?
  • How are the culprits disseminated?
  • What are optimal management strategies?
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Viruses Name Acronym Major

apple chlorotic leaf spot virus ACLSV apple stem grooving virus ASGV apple stem pitting virus ASPV apple mosaic virus ApMV tomato ringspot virus ToRSV

Minor

cherry leafroll virus CLRV tobacco ringspot virus TRSV

Viruses in Apple in New York

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Viruses Name Acronym Major

apple chlorotic leaf spot virus ACLSV apple stem grooving virus ASGV apple stem pitting virus ASPV apple mosaic virus ApMV tomato ringspot virus ToRSV

Minor

cherry leafroll virus CLRV tobacco ringspot virus TRSV

Viruses in Apple in New York

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Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus - ACLSV

Howell W.E. & Eastwell K.C., WSU B.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands

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Apple stem grooving virus - ASGV

Healthy Infected

Howell W.E. & Eastwell K.C., WSU

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Apple stem pitting virus - ASPV

Wilcox, W.F., Cornell Yanase H., Japan

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ASPV ASPV on Virginia Crab

Doud D. & Rosenberger D.A

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ASPV on Virginia Crab

Doud D. & Rosenberger D.A

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ASPV ASPV on SweeTango/Bud.9

Breth D. I., CCE

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Breth D.I. & Liz Tee, CCE

Red Delicious/G.935 ASPV + ACLSV

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ASPV ASPV + ACLSV

Breth D.I., CCE

Red Delicious/G.935

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ASPV + ACLSV + ASGV on Granny Smith

Eastwell,K.E., WSU

Apple green crinkle disease

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Viruses Name Acronym Major

apple chlorotic leaf spot virus ACLSV apple stem grooving virus ASGV apple stem pitting virus ASPV apple mosaic virus ApMV tomato ringspot virus ToRSV

Minor

cherry leafroll virus CLRV tobacco ringspot virus TRSV

Viruses in Apple in New York

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Apple mosaic virus - ApMV

Podleckis E. V., USDA-APHIS

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Tomato ringspot virus – ToRSV

Ogrodnick, J., Cornell

Red Delicious on MM. 106

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Ogrodnick, J., Cornell

Red Delicious and Spartan on MM. 106

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Ogrodnick, J., Cornell

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ToRSV on Gingergold/M26

Halbrendt J. M., PSU

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Viruses Name Acronym Major

apple chlorotic leaf spot virus ACLSV apple stem grooving virus ASGV apple stem pitting virus ASPV apple mosaic virus ApMV tomato ringspot virus ToRSV

Minor

cherry leafroll virus CLRV tobacco ringspot virus TRSV

Viruses in Apple in New York

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Cherry leafroll virus – CLRV

Healthy Infected (flat apple)

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Tobacco ringspot virus- TRSV

Halbrendt J. M., PSU

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Viruses in Apple

  • Who are the culprits?
  • How are the culprits disseminated?
  • What are optimal management strategies?
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Transmission of ACLSV, ASGV, ASPV and ApMV

  • No known insect vector
  • No seed transmission
  • Budding, grafting & top working
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Transmission of ToRSV, CLRV and TRSV

  • Dagger nematodes
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Abawi G., Cornell

Xiphinema americanum

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Transmission of ToRSV, CLRV and TRSV

  • Dagger nematodes
  • Weeds: Chickweed, dandelion, plantain
  • No seed transmission
  • Budding, grafting and top working
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Viruses in Apple

  • Who are the culprits?
  • How are the culprits disseminated?
  • What are optimal management strategies?
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Management Strategies

  • Carefully select new trees:
  • Avoid susceptible cultivar/rootstock

combinations

  • Pick tolerant/resistant cultivars and

rootstocks

  • Choose clean trees, buds and rootstock

liners

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Management Strategies

  • Build strategic relationships with your nursery

and ask questions:

  • Were virus test performed?
  • Which tissue was tested?
  • When were tests performed?
  • What virus or viruses were assayed for?
  • Who ran the assays?
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Management Strategies

  • Carefully select new trees
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Management Strategies

  • Carefully select new trees
  • Carefully select new planting sites
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Management Strategies

  • Carefully select new trees
  • Carefully select new planting sites
  • Eliminate and manage weeds
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Management Strategies

  • Carefully select new trees
  • Carefully select new planting sites
  • Eliminate and manage weeds
  • Rogue infected trees if growth and productivity

as unsatisfactory

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Management Strategies

  • Carefully select new trees
  • Carefully select new planting sites
  • Eliminate and manage weeds
  • Rogue infected trees if growth and productivity

as unsatisfactory

  • Carefully select scion buds for top working
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Management Strategies

  • Be proactive, don’t introduce a new disease

problem close to your trees

  • Scout for virus symptoms:
  • Foliar discoloration or deformity
  • Change in growth habit or maturity timeline
  • Stem pitting or union necrosis
  • Fruit deformation
  • Lack of vigor or decline
  • Inability to cope with other stressors
  • OR, WA, and PA have active, voluntary

certification programs; NY does not yet.

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Management Strategies

  • Be proactive, don’t introduce a new disease

problem close to your trees

  • Scout for virus symptoms:
  • Foliar discoloration or deformity
  • Change in growth habit or maturity timeline
  • Stem pitting or union necrosis
  • Fruit deformation
  • Lack of vigor or decline
  • Inability to cope with other stressors
  • OR, WA, and PA have active, voluntary

certification programs; NY does not yet.

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Activities Associated with Apple Certification

NCPN- Fruit Trees

Domestic varieties

Clean Plant Nurseries Clean mother trees

Imports

Orchards

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Activities Associated with Apple Certification

NCPN- Fruit Trees

Domestic varieties

Clean Plant Nurseries

Improved Diagnostics & Therapy Audit & Quality Control

Clean mother trees

Imports

Orchards

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Activities Associated with Apple Certification

NCPN- Fruit Trees

Domestic varieties

Clean Plant Nurseries

Improved Diagnostics & Therapy

Clean mother trees

Imports

Orchards

WSU-Prosser & USDA-APHIS

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Activities Associated with Apple Certification

NCPN- Fruit Trees

Domestic varieties

Clean Plant Nurseries

Improved Diagnostics & Therapy Audit & Quality Control

Clean mother trees

Imports

Orchards

WSU-Prosser & USDA-APHIS State Department of Agriculture

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Activities Associated with Apple Certification

NCPN- Fruit Trees

Domestic varieties

Clean Plant Nurseries

Improved Diagnostics & Therapy Audit & Quality Control

Clean mother trees

Imports

Orchards

WSU-Prosser & USDA-APHIS State Department of Agriculture Producers

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Activities Associated with Apple Certification

NCPN- Fruit Trees

Domestic varieties

Clean Plant Nurseries

Improved Diagnostics & Therapy Audit & Quality Control

Clean mother trees

Imports

Orchards

WSU-Prosser & USDA-APHIS State Department of Agriculture Producers

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Viruses in Apple

  • Who are the culprits?
  • How are the culprits disseminated?
  • What are optimal management strategies?
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High quality juices/wines … Healthy vineyards … Healthy vines! High quality apples … Healthy orchards … Healthy trees!

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We are all in it together …

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Acknowledgements

  • Debbie Breth
  • Dan Donahue
  • David Rosenberger
  • Craig Kahlke
  • Elizabeth Tee
  • Mike Fraatz
  • Gemma Reig Cordoba
  • Wafler Nursery & Orchards
  • Rosemary Cox