Variability in the distribution of ozone over land and marine - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Variability in the distribution of ozone over land and marine regions in the Indian region S. Lal 1 , S. Venkataramani 1 , S. Srivastava 1 , S. Gupta 1 and M. Naja 2 1 Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India 2 Aryabhatta Research Institute
1 Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India 2 Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital,
Monthly mean surface ozone increase from 2000 to 2100 based on average results of 10 models. Prather et al., JGR 2003
Akimoto (2003) Science
NOx emissions during 1990-2020 (Gg NO2/yr), Streets et al. JGR 2003
1990 2000 2010 2020 China 8273 13719 21906 32364 India 3481 5615 10842 22824 Sheel et al., AE, 2010
Winter
Time (IST)
Ahmedabad
Nainital Thumba Port Blair Tirupati Ooty New Delhi
Naja and Lal, GRL , 1996 Aver erage ge ozone mixing r
io incr increased eased fr from
14.7 ppb ppbv dur during 1954 ing 1954-55 t 55 to
25.3 ppb ppbv dur during 1 ing 1991 991-93, r 93, result esulting ing in in a linear a linear incr increase ease of
~ 1.4%/y 1.4%/year ear
1400 hrs
Time (IST)
4 8 12 16 20 24
Average ozone (ppbv)
20 40 60 1991 - 93 1954 - 55 1400 hrs
Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Monthly Average ozone (ppbv)
20 40 60 1954 - 55 1991 - 93
Mt Abu Observatory in the early 1990’s
Mt Abu (1993-2000) O3 (ppbv)
2 4 Time (LST) 6 12 18 24 O3 (ppbv)
2 4
[a] [b]
Winter (DJF) Autumn (SON) Mauna Loa Spring (MAM) Summer (J_A) Mauna Loa
Autumn and Winter : Winds from north Spring and Summer : Winds from south-west and south
Naja et al., AE 2003
Months
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Avg Ozone (ppbv)
20 40 60 80 100 Day time avg (12-14 hrs) at Ahmedabad (1991-95) Monthly avg at Mt Abu (1993-97) Night time avg (01-03 hrs) at Ahmedabad (1991-95) Best fit line for day time avg (12-14 hrs) at Ahmedabad
~ 5-10 ppbv Local (Amd) Contribution ~ 12-15 ppbv Regional Contribution
Kumar et al., JGR, 2010
Variations and levels of ozone and related trace gases are different over different parts of India suggesting diverse regional emission sources Model derived contributions (in ppbv) for Nainital .
20 40 60 80 100
Average Ozone (ppbv)
20 40 60 80 100
Nainital - 2007 Nainital - 2006 Nainital - 2008 Monhtly Average (Mt Abu) Hourly Average (NTL - 2007) Hourly Average (NTL - 2006) Hourly Average (NTL - 2008)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5 10 15 20
Startospheric Ozone European Emissions South Asia Emissions
Maximum ozone :
Nainital - Spring/Summer
The slope (∆CO/∆NOx) is related to primary emission sources of these species. In high temperature combustion processes (e.g., use
lower than those emitted from biofuel and biomass burning These results indicate that emission from biofuel combustion and biomass burning play major role in the observed distributions of various trace gases in India.
AHMEDABAD HISAR KANPUR CHINA US EUROPE CO/NOx 10 20 30 40
Japan
ECC Ozone sonde (GPS) 25 m Balloon Radio sonde Parachute
Total ~ 80 balloon flights Effects of : Regional Pollution - Spring and summer seasons Longrange Transport – Spring season in the free troposphere Marine - Monsoon season in the BL
Longitude (oE) 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 Latitude (
5 10 15 20 25 30
19 M 20 M 24 M 26 M 28 M 22 M 30 M 1 A 2 A 4 A 6 A 8 A 10 A 12 A 19 A 21 A 23 A 25 A 27 A 28 A 29 A 30 A 3 My 4 My 5 May 7 My 9 My Trivandrum Goa Chennai Bhubneswer Kochi
INDIA
Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea
Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB)
Transport of ozone rich layer (60-90 ppbv)
from Indo-Gangetic Plain.
Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) analysis
NAS – SAS
N-BoB S-BoB N-AS S-AS
NBoB - SBoB Srivastava et al., JGR (in press)
Nainital Kanpur Agra Shillong Kolkata Nagpur Bhubneshwar Vishakhapatnam Hyderabad Gadanki Thumba Ahmedabad
Port Blair Thalassery Ooty Anantpur Kullu
Mt Abu Observatory in the early 1990’s
24.6N,72.6E ~1.7 km Nainital 29.4N,79.4E ~2.0 km Ooty 11.4N,76.7E ~ 2.5 km