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Using Species as Reference Points for Environmental Licensing of Hydroelectric Dams in the Brazilian Amazon Lorena Ribeiro de Almeida Carneiro , Albertina Pimentel Lima, Pedro Ivo Simoes, Igor Luis Kaefer, Rafael de Fraga, William Ernest Magnusson

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San José, 2013

Lorena Ribeiro de Almeida Carneiro, Albertina Pimentel Lima, Pedro Ivo Simoes, Igor Luis Kaefer, Rafael de Fraga, William Ernest Magnusson

Coordination of Research in Ecology Brazilian National Institute for Amazonian Research - INPA

Using Species as Reference Points for Environmental Licensing of Hydroelectric Dams in the Brazilian Amazon

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Environmental licensing

Procedure required by the Brazilian government for implementation of projects or activities that may affect the environment. IBAMA – Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources

  • r

State environmental agency

  • r

County environmental agency Responsible entrepreneurs Methodological directions Studies results Mitigation conditionals Licenses Mitigation actions

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Brazilian Program for Accelerated Economic Growth – PAC (2007)

Planned hydroeletric plants in Andean Amazon (Finer e Jenkins, 2012) Planned hydroeletric plants in Brazilian Amazon (Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency - ANEEL)

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CONAMA Resolution No. 001/1986, art. 6: “The environmental impact study will develop at least the following technical activities: I - Environmental diagnosis of the area of influence of the project (...) considering: b) the biological environment and natural ecosystems - the flora and fauna, highlighting the indicator species of environmental quality scientific and economic value, rare and endangered species and areas of permanent preservation; ” IBAMA Normative Instruction No. 146, art 5: “The results of the Survey of Fauna in areas of endeavors, must present: I - list of species found, indicating the registration form and habitat, highlighting the endangered species, the endemic, those considered rare, not previously described for the study area or the science, the indicator of environmental quality, the economic importance, the potentially invasive or epidemiological risk, including domestic, migratory and their routes;”

Target selection

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Target selection

Pteronura brasiliensis Panthera onca

Some of the categories may not be adequate to indicate target taxa in the Amazon region.

Rosas et al.,2007

  • Scale dependents
  • Disregards the type of impact
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Biological reference points

A metric of stock status under a management regime. Índex growth recruitment mortality .... Inferences about the impact of the extractive management of these populations. Used to understand “how much” can be extracted

Approaches in fisheries:

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Biological reference points

A metric of stock status under a management regime. known distribution area In the context of impact assessments, benchmarks could indicate how the impact might affect target organisms or processes.

Approaches in management:

Inferences about the impact of a project installation in these populations

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Environmental impact assessment

  • f Santo Antônio Hydroelectric

power Madeira river

Trachycephalus typhonius Ameerega trivittata

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RAPELD method (Magnusson et al. 2005; Costa and Magnusson 2010) Adapted to measure the impact of the installation of the project

  • n the elements of local biodiversity, in relation to the known

distributions of those elements

Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Madeira river

Main impact: Filling of the dam The stock status of the species: known spatial distribution

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RAPELD method (Magnusson et al. 2005; Costa and Magnusson 2010) Adapted to measure the impact of the installation of the project

  • n the elements of local biodiversity, in relation to the known

distributions of those elements

Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Madeira river

See details of the method: Lima et al. 2011; Technical Information No. 65/2008 - IBAMA).

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Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Madeira river

Active search limited by time Casual encounters Pitfall

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Results

Species that were only found in locations distant from large water bodies Taxa detected near and from the area to be flooded Species which were only found in areas where flooding was expected.

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Results

Species that were only found in locations distant from large water bodies Taxa detected near and from the area to be flooded Species which were only found in areas where flooding was expected.

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Results

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Results

Target species Status IUCN Estate Brazilian Amazon Amazon Dendropsophus marmoratus Least Concern X X X Leptodactylus podicipinus Least Concern X X X Hypsiboas punctatus Least Concern X X X Leptodactylus bolivianus Least Concern X X X Pipa pipa Least Concern X X X Hydrolaetare schmidti Least Concern X X X Dendropsophus koechlini Least Concern ? X X Chiasmocleis jimi Data Deficient ? X ? Altigius alios Data Deficient ? ? X Elachistocleis sp.

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? ? Dendrophisophus sp14

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? ? Leptodactylus gr. marmoratur

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? ? Dendropsophus gr. brevifrons

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? ? Dendrophryniscus gr. minutus

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? ? Scinax sp1

  • ?

? ?

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Target species Status IUCN Estate Brazilian Amazon Amazon Dendropsophus marmoratus Least Concern X X X Leptodactylus podicipinus Least Concern X X X Hypsiboas punctatus Least Concern X X X Leptodactylus bolivianus Least Concern X X X Pipa pipa Least Concern X X X Hydrolaetare schmidti Least Concern X X X Dendropsophus koechlini Least Concern ? X X Chiasmocleis jimi Data Deficient ? X ? Altigius alios Data Deficient ? ? X Elachistocleis sp.

  • ?

? ? Dendrophisophus sp14

  • ?

? ? Leptodactylus gr. marmoratur

  • ?

? ? Dendropsophus gr. brevifrons

  • ?

? ? Dendrophryniscus gr. minutus

  • ?

? ? Scinax sp1

  • ?

? ?

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Results

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Target species Status IUCN Estate Brazilian Amazon Amazon Dendropsophus marmoratus Least Concern X X X Leptodactylus podicipinus Least Concern X X X Hypsiboas punctatus Least Concern X X X Leptodactylus bolivianus Least Concern X X X Pipa pipa Least Concern X X X Hydrolaetare schmidti Least Concern X X X Dendropsophus koechlini Least Concern ? X X Chiasmocleis jimi Data Deficient ? X ? Altigius alios Data Deficient ? ? X Elachistocleis sp.

  • ?

? ? Dendrophisophus sp14

  • ?

? ? Leptodactylus gr. marmoratur

  • ?

? ? Dendropsophus gr. brevifrons

  • ?

? ? Dendrophryniscus gr. minutus

  • ?

? ? Scinax sp1

  • ?

? ?

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Results

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Conclusion

  • Criteria suggested in the legislation are unrelated to the sampling

situation of Amazonian biodiversity and impacts involved.

  • The successful use of spatial reference points depends on the better

field surveys in the Amazon basin.

  • Decisions based on extreme uncertainty are likely not to have much

influence on political decision makers. Investment in systematic sampling across the Amazon is necessary if we are to establish quantitative reference points that are meaningful to decision makers.

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Acknowledgment

lorena.carneiro@inpa.gov.br