Unlocking the language of the HSC Please note that this document is a ‘work in progress’, the metalanguage list is NOT defjnitive and would vary according to the KLA. There is room to add other appropriate language. Instruction/Process/Verb Meaning/Action As well as subject specifjc METALANGUAGE, you must use metalanguage like: Identify • Recognise and name • This feature • For example Band 1-2 • Give the basic features of • That • For instance • Those / These • This • Is characterised by • Evidence of this • Looks / sounds / feels like • Thus • In this manner List • Name / Write briefmy • First, second, third • To begin Band 1-2 • Use numbers or letters • Furthermore • To conclude • Finally • Next Outline • Sketch in general terms • Characteristics of • Generally Band 1-2 • Indicate the main features of • Likewise • ‘Numeracy’ words like: • Give a broad overview of • Alternately • Many / Most / Every / Only one • Also / %’s / units of measurement / • Commonly proportions / ratios • Broadly speaking Investigate • Sketch in general terms • Characteristics of • ‘Numeracy’ words like: Band 3 • Indicate the main features of • Likewise • Many / most / every / only one • Give a broad overview of • Alternately / %’s / units of measurement / • Also proportions / ratios • Commonly • Broadly speaking • Generally 1
Examine • Inquire into • Characteristics of • This feature Band 3 • Report in some detail • ‘Numeracy’ words like: • That • Look carefully at the • Many / Most/ Every / Only one • Those / These characteristics of / %’s / units of measurement / • Is characterised by proportions / ratios • Looks / sounds / feels like Describe • Provide a summary of the main • Next • Subsequently Band 3-4 characteristics or features • Then • Soon • Focus on Who, What, When & • Following • Finally Where • This • Consequently, • At this time • Before this • Now • Previously • At this point • Preceding this • After • Simultaneously • Afterward • Concurrently • After this • At this time **Danger area: most candidates hover • Hence • Therefore in this area (Band 4 70-75%) • Characteristics of • Is characterised by • Looks/sounds/feels like Summarise • Express, concisely, the key / • Overall • In summary Band 3 relevant points • In brief • To sum up • Perhaps use dot points • In overview • In conclusion • Generally • To conclude • On the whole • In brief • As a rule • To summarise • For the most part • Overall • In most cases usually • Therefore 2
Examine • Inquire into • The issue is characterized by • The basic facts are • This is important because • This event occurred… Band 4 • The major features… Compare • Show how things are similar • When compared with… • By comparison…. AND difgerent • Is similar to…. • Resembles …… Band 4 • Set out similarities AND • Can be likened to ….. • Not unlike…… difgerences • The same as …. • Share these qualities • Similarly …. • Also • Next • But in this case • Simultaneously • In another case • Concurrently • On this occasion • Therefore • In this situation • In contrast Contrast • Show how things are difgerent / • However…. • Nevertheless…. opposite to each other • Alternatively… • Difgers from…. Band 4 • List difgerences between • Otherwise….. • Despite this…. • Instead …. • On the contrary….. • On the other hand…. • In contrast …. • Conversely….. • But • This difgers from…. • Yet • Still • For all of that • After all • Notwithstanding Rank • After carefully examining the • Firstly/secondly… • To this end • With this object nature of…. Band 4 • Use numerals/letters • Use a set of valid criteria • For this purpose • Finally • Decide on an order for things. • Accordingly • Lastly Write in a logical order • Thus • • Because :1,2,3,4…. • Consequently • Therefore • Accordingly • In the light of this criteria 3
Distinguish • Recognise or note the key • Yet • The key difgerence between Band 4 difgerences between • Still • Alternately (can be Band 5 depending on KLA) • indicate as being distinct or • However • Difgerence difgerent from • Nevertheless • Unique • In spite of • It is in the detail… • Despite • Nevertheless…. • Of course • Difgers from…. • Once in a while • Despite this…. • Sometimes • On the contrary….. • However…. • In contrast …. • Alternatively… • Take the case of • Otherwise….. • Proof of • Instead …. • On the other hand…. Classify • Arrange into in classes/ • To this end • Therefore Band 4 categories using particular • With this object • Based on this criteria criteria • For this purpose • Appropriate division • Sort by type • Accordingly • Accordingly • Thus • Groupings • Consequently • Sorted according to … Explain • Go further than ‘Describe’ by • Frst, second, third • Afterwards Band 4 answering ‘WHY’ to show the • Next • After this signifjcance of something • Then • Subsequently • Relate cause and efgect • Following • Soon • Make the relationships between • At this time • Finally things clear • Now • Consequently • Provide reasons why and/or • At this point • Before this how • After • Previously • Simultaneously • Preceding this • Concurrently • At this time • Therefore • Hence 4
Demonstrate • Show by using examples how • In this case • For example… Band 4 something works • In another case • For one thing… • On this occasion • As exemplifjed by… • In this situation • Such as…. • Take the case of ... • For instance…. • Proof of this • These include…. • Evidence of this • Hence • Thus • Therefore • In this manner Account for • Give reasons for • Yet • Because Band 4 • Report on why… • Still • The reasons for • Explain the ‘ins and outs’ of • However • Due to • Outline the causes of or the • Nevertheless • Leads to reasons behind • In spite of • Underlying reasons for • Once in a while • Despite • Sometimes • Of course • The causes • The consequences of Clarify • Make clear or plain by logically • To this end • Put simply Band 4 setting out step by step • With this object • Clearly • For this purpose • For instance • Plainly stated • For example • Restating • As follows • Another way of expressing this • That is is… • In this case • In other words • Namely 5
Discuss • Identify issues and provide • In the light of these facts • On the other hand Band 5 points for and/or against • The pros • Conversely • The cons • The essentials of • The arguments for • The arguments against • Firstly, secondly, thirdly….. Assess • Make an informed and • In fact • After weighing up Band 5 balanced judgment about • Clearly • The grounds for this order are value, quality, outcomes, • Indeed • This is based on results and/or size of … • In any event • The premise for this is • Ofger justifjcation or evidence • Certainly for your judgement • A logical order would be • First, second… • On balance Analyse • Examine the details or features • This led to… • Following this… Band 5 of • Essentially… • As a result of… (sometimes B6 depending on KLA) • Show how each feature is • Stems from…. Consequently…. signifjcant to the whole • Points towards…. • This created…. • Identify the components of • Culminates in…. • Because….. and the relationships between • Initiated…. • Typically… things • Leads to • Consequences include.. • Draw out and relate • Stimulates • Caused… implications • Is a catalyst for • Finally …. 6
Justify • Support an argument or • Clearly • For the same reason Band 6 conclusion • The evidence is clear • Clear proof • The statistics show • Unquestionable evidence • Case studies prove • Undeniably • Obviously • Also • Evidently • Furthermore • Furthermore • Moreover • Moreover • What is more • Besides, indeed • In addition • In fact • Besides • In addition • Above all • Not only ... • As well (as) • But also • In the same way Evaluate • Make a judgement based on • In fact • Forever Band 6 criteria; determine the value of • Indeed • Perennially • In any event • Eternally • Certainly • Emphatically • Defjnitely • Unquestionably • Never • Without a doubt • Extremely • Certainly • Absolutely • Undeniably • Always • Without reservation • Forever • With regard/reference to • Now, as far as x is concerned • It follows that • A for ... • Turning to 7
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