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United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Transport Division Transport Division ECA ECE ICAP Workshop: Drinking and Driving from the perspective of UN international road safety

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SLIDE 1

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Transport Division United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Transport Division

Rebecca Huang Transport Facilitation and Economics Section

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 12 November 2014

ECA – ECE – ICAP Workshop: Drinking and Driving from the perspective of UN international road safety instruments

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SLIDE 2

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 2 2

UNECE - Transport Division

  • 1. Drinking in the African region
  • 2. Your responses from the Workshop Surveys
  • 3. What do the UN road safety conventions say about

drinking and driving?

  • 4. Global best/good practices to address drinking and driving
  • 5. Recommendations

Presentation Objectives

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SLIDE 3

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 3 3

UNECE - Transport Division

Summary points:

  • Most countries are yet to enact comprehensive laws concerning

drink-driving

  • Even where comprehensive laws are in place, poor law

enforcement renders the laws ineffective

  • Generally, data collection and monitoring systems are lacking

Drinking in the African region

Laws on Major Risk Factors

Road safety management parameter

  • No. of Countries

Countries

A national drink-driving law based on Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC, and where the BAC limit for the general population is less or equal to 0.05 g/dl). 9 Benin, DRC, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritius, Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland Comprehensive drink-driving law as above with good law enforcement

  • http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2013/report/factsheet_afro.pdf
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SLIDE 4

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 4 4

UNECE - Transport Division

Drinking in the African region

National drink-driving law Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement (on a scale of 0 to 10) % traffic deaths involving alcohol Angola Y (0.06g/dl universal*) Y 5 Data not available Botswana Y (0.08g/dl universal) Y 7 5% (2010 Police) Cameroon Y (0.08g/dl universal) Y 3 Data not available Ethiopia Y (0.08g/dl universal) N 3 Data not available Gambia Y (no BAC limits) N 2 Data not available Ghana Y (0.08g/dl universal except zero tolerance for young drivers) Y 3 Data not available Kenya Y (no BAC limits) N 2 Data not available Lesotho Y (0.08g/dl universal) Y 5 Data not available Malawi Y (0.08g/dl universal) Y 5 Data not available Mozambique Y (0.06g/dl universal except zero tolerance for professional/commercial drivers) Y 5 Data not available

Source: WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013

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SLIDE 5

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 5 5

UNECE - Transport Division

Drinking in the African region

* Universal BAC limit = the same level for the general population, young or novice drivers, professional/commercial drivers

National drink-driving law Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement (on a scale of 0 to 10) % traffic deaths involving alcohol Namibia Y (0.08g/dl universal) Y 5 30% (2009 Forensic Laboratory) Nigeria Y (0.05g/dl universal) Y 2 Data not available South Africa Y (0.05g/dl universal except 0.02g/dl for professional/commercial drivers) Y 2 55% (2009 Medical Research Council) Sudan Y (no BAC limits) N 7 Data not available Swaziland Y (0.05g/dl universal) N 6 9% (2010 Police) Tanzania Y (0.08g/dl universal except zero tolerance for professional/commercial drivers) N 3 Data not available Uganda Y (0.08g/dl universal except zero tolerance for professional/commercial drivers) Y 2 Data not available Zambia Y (0.08g/dl universal) Y 2 50% (2007 Police) Zimbabwe Y (0.08g/dl universal) N 1 Data not available

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SLIDE 6

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 6 6

UNECE - Transport Division

  • Underscores/reaffirms summary points from the 2013

Global Status Report on Road Safety

  • Although the responses in relation to law enforcement were

a bit more optimistic (1/3 say laws are strongly enforced)

  • Dedicated presentation on your survey feedback by AMEND

consultants in the afternoon session

  • 7 out of the 19 countries surveyed indicated that drink

driving is the biggest road traffic risk in their countries

Findings from the Workshop Surveys

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SLIDE 7

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 7 7

UNECE - Transport Division

  • 1. 1949 Convention on Road Traffic
  • 2. 1968 Convention on Road Traffic
  • 3. 1975 Agreement on Minimum Requirements for the Issue

and Validity of Driving Permits

UN road safety conventions administered by UNECE

http://www.unece.org/trans/conventn/legalinst.html (under the Road Traffic and Signs and Signals «drop down» heading)

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SLIDE 8

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 8 8

UNECE - Transport Division Whilst there is no explicit mention of drinking and driving in either the 1949 or 1968 Conventions on Road Traffic, there is an overarching and implicit duty of care of drivers towards pedestrians and other road users. Also, the provisions on the next slides explicitly or implicitly state that drivers must be in a fit state to drive and control a vehicle safely. There are mirror or similar provisions in the 1949 and 1968 Conventions on this subject, though the 1968 Convention contains one provision not in the 1949 Convention. UN road safety conventions administered by UNECE: 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road Traffic

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SLIDE 9

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 9 9

UNECE - Transport Division Article 7 (of the 1949 Convention)

Every driver, pedestrian or other road user shall conduct himself in such a way as not to endanger or

  • bstruct traffic: he shall avoid all behaviour that

might cause damage to persons or public or private property.

Article 7(1) (of the 1968 Convention)

Road-users shall avoid any behaviour likely to endanger or obstruct traffic, to endanger persons, or to cause damage to public or private property.

UN road safety conventions administered by UNECE: 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road Traffic

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SLIDE 10

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 10 10

UNECE - Transport Division Article 8(3) (of the 1968 Convention)

Every driver shall possess the necessary physical and mental ability and be in a fit physical and mental condition to drive.

UN road safety conventions administered by UNECE: 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road Traffic

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SLIDE 11

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 11 11

UNECE - Transport Division Article 8(5) (of the 1949 Convention)

Drivers shall at all times be able to control their vehicles or guide their animals. When approaching

  • ther road users, they shall take such precautions

as may be required for the safety of the latter.

Article 8(5) (of the 1968 Convention)

Every driver shall at all times be able to control his vehicle or guide his animals.

UN road safety conventions administered by UNECE: 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road Traffic

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SLIDE 12

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 12 12

UNECE - Transport Division Article 10 (of the 1949 Convention)

The driver of a vehicle shall at all times have its speed under control and shall drive in a reasonable and prudent manner…

Article 13(1) (of the 1968 Convention)

Every driver of a vehicle shall in all circumstances have his vehicle under control so as to be able to exercise due and proper care and to be at all times in a position to perform all manœuvres required of him…

UN road safety conventions administered by UNECE: 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road Traffic

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SLIDE 13

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 13 13

UNECE - Transport Division 1975 Agreement on Minimum Requirements for the Issue and Validity of Driving Permits (APC)

  • Arts. 21-22

ALCOHOL Driving permits shall neither be granted nor renewed to applicants or drivers who suffer from chronic alcoholism…

  • Arts. 23-25

DRUGS AND MEDICAMENTS Driving permits shall neither be granted nor renewed to applicants or drivers who are dependent on psychoactive drugs…

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SLIDE 14

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 14 14

UNECE - Transport Division Global Best/Good Practices to Address Drinking and Driving: Consolidated Resolution on Road Taffic (RE.1)

1.Legislation 2.Enforcement 3.Public information and education 4.Programmes 5.Assessment and rehabilitation 6.Research and data 7.Partnerships

http://www.unece.org/trans/conventn/legalinst.html (under the Road Traffic and Signs and Signals «drop down» heading)

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SLIDE 15

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 15 15

UNECE - Transport Division

UNECE RE.1 Global Best/Good Practices:

  • 1. Legislation

Le Legisla gislation tion shou should ld define the of define the offences, ences, the enf the enfor

  • rcement

cement actions, actions, and the and the penalties penalties

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SLIDE 16

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 16 16

UNECE - Transport Division

UNECE RE.1 Global Best/Good Practices:

  • 2. Enforcement

On One e of

  • f th

the e mo most st ef effec ectiv tive e de dete terren ents ts is to increase drivers’ pe perce cept ption ion of

  • f b

being eing ca caug ught ht dr driving iving un unde der r th the e infl influe uenc nce e of

  • f

alco alcoho hol l an and d su suffer ering ing th the e co cons nseq eque uenc nces es

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SLIDE 17

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 17 17

UNECE - Transport Division

UNECE RE.1 Global Best/Good Practices:

  • 3. Public Information and Education

Edu Educa cate te th the e pu public blic on

  • n the

the consequences consequences of

  • f drinki

drinking ng an and d dr driving. iving. Cr Crea eate te th the e so socia cial l no norm m of

  • f

what’s unacceptable. Dr Driving iving sc scho hools

  • ls ar

are e key ey to to ed educ ucating ting ne new/y w/you

  • ung

ng dr driv iver ers s be befor

  • re

e th they ey st star art t th their eir dr driving iving li lives es.

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SLIDE 18

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 18 18

UNECE - Transport Division

UNECE RE.1 Global Best/Good Practices:

  • 4. Programmes and Policies

1.

  • 1. Wor
  • rkp

kplace lace pr prog

  • gramme

ammes s (i (if dr driving iving is is pa part of t of the the j job

  • b)

2.

  • 2. De

Design signate ted d dr driv iver er pr prog

  • gramme

ammes/ca s/campa mpaigns igns 3.

  • 3. Sea

Seaso sona nal l ca campa mpaigns igns whe hen n th ther ere e is is a g a grea eate ter r risk risk of

  • f

dr drinking inking an and dr d driving iving 4.

  • 4. Young drivers’ education

(suc (such h as as grad adua uate ted d dr driv iver er licen licensing sing sy syst stem ems) s)

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SLIDE 19

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 19 19

UNECE - Transport Division

UNECE RE.1 Global Best/Good Practices:

  • 5. Assessment and Rehabilitation

1.

  • 1. Alcoh

Alcohol

  • l reh

ehabili bilita tation tion pr prog

  • gramme

ammes s (su (succ cces essfu sful l co comp mplet letion ion sh shou

  • uld

ld be be pr pre- req equisite uisite to to per permit mit re-inst instate temen ment) t) 2.

  • 2. Alcoh

Alcohol

  • l inte

interloc lock k de device vices s for

  • r drink

drink- dr driving iving of

  • ffen

ende ders

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SLIDE 20

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 20 20

UNECE - Transport Division

UNECE RE.1 Global Best/Good Practices:

  • 6. Research and Data

Cond Conduc uct rese esear arch and and co coll llec ect da data to ta to ass assess ess the the role

  • le of
  • f

alc alcoh

  • hol
  • l in

in roa

  • ad

d ac accid ciden ents ts

  • Cor

Coron

  • ner

er da data ta

  • Hosp

Hospital ital da data ta

  • Roa
  • adsid

dside sur surveys eys of

  • f alco

alcoho hol us use e am amon

  • ng driv

driver ers

  • Police
  • lice da

data ta on

  • n BAC

C test test resu esults lts and and ar arrests ests

  • Con

Convictions victions a and nd san sanction ctions s impo impose sed

  • Gene

General pub al publi lic c sur surveys eys

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SLIDE 21

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 21 21

UNECE - Transport Division

UNECE RE.1 Global Best/Good Practices:

  • 7. Partnerships

Par artner tnerships ships within within and and outside

  • utside of
  • f Go

Gover ernment nment to to ad addr dress ess drinking drinking and and driving driving:

  • Judiciar

udiciary and and Traf affic fic Police

  • lice
  • Hea

Health lth and and medical medical

  • Educa

Education tion

  • Insur

Insurance ance

  • Media

Media

  • Priva

Private te sector sector

  • Adv

Advocac

  • cacy Gr

Groups

  • ups
  • Emplo

Employer ers

  • Auto

utomob mobile ile Asso Associa ciation tions

  • Any

Any other

  • ther inter

interested ested and r and rele elevant vant par party ty

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SLIDE 22

Jean-Claude Schneuwly Slide 22 22

UNECE - Transport Division

1. Establish a sound legal framework for road rules and traffic-related

  • ffences (create and maintain a culture of safe and respectful

driving based on best/good practices) 2. Introduce or implement BAC limits for drivers 3. Educate the public on the dangers of drinking and driving, and of the consequences of offending 4. Enforce these BAC limits through random and publicized roadside

  • checks. Increase enforcement during holidays or times when people

are likely to drink and drive 5. Convict or sanction offenders appropriately, and rehabilitate habitual offenders and alcoholics 6. Collect accurate and complete data to monitor effectiveness of programs 7. Partner for the greatest success

UNECE Recommendations