Turning Data into Action: Truck Tractor Crashes on Tribal Lands in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Turning Data into Action: Truck Tractor Crashes on Tribal Lands in Arizona, 2007-2015 Source: azcentral.com National Tribal Transportation Conference October 6, 2016

Topics  Background  3 Crash Analyses  2 Road Safety Assessments  Recommendations  Outcomes for the Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians Source: azcentral.com

Background

Definition: Truck Tractor  Non-cargo carrying power unit in combination with a semi-trailer.  Truck tractors and semi- trailer combinations, referred to as Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration tractor/trailers.

Why Care about Truck Traffic Safety in Arizona?  Arizona is in the middle of a large, expanding trade triangle connecting Southern California, Texas and northern Mexico.  Annually, commercial trucks make about 8 million trips into and out of Arizona with most on east-west interstate routes.  North-south trade with Mexico and Canada is a major initiative for Arizona.  By 2050, freight shipments are expected to triple in Arizona. Source: Santa Cruz Commerce Center

1997-2006 Crash Analysis MVCs on American Indian Reservations in Arizona

2010 Statewide Crash Analysis Report  Utilized reported 1997-2006 crash data in the Arizona Location Identification Surveillance System  Completed an analysis of statewide crashes on Tribal lands in Arizona  Injury and fatal crash rates were about 5 times higher on Tribal lands than statewide for:  Lane departure crashes involving truck tractors  Speed-related crashes involving truck tractors  Under reporting of vehicle type in 9% of lane departure fatal crashes on Tribal lands

1997-2006 Crash Analysis 2012 Crash Summary

2012 Statewide Crash Summary Method & Result  Utilized 1997-2006 reported crash data in the Arizona Location Identification Surveillance System (ALISS)  Examined 27,382 total crashes on Tribal lands  Identified n=1,543 total truck tractor crashes on Tribal lands

Objectives  Compile truck tractor crash rates for Tribal lands and statewide  Total  Fatal  Injury  Identify high crash locations  Identify frequencies  Crash severity  Collision manner  First harmful event Source: overdrive.com  Low light conditions

Comparison of Truck Tractor Crash Rates on Tribal Lands and Statewide, 1997-2006 Tractor Trailer Crash Rates, Tribal Tractor Trailer Crash Rates, Lands, 1997-2006 Statewide, 1997-2006 Percentage (%) of all Tribal Land Tractor/Trailer Crashes 70% 80% 74% 64% Percentage (%) of all AZ Tractor/Trailer Crashes 70% 60% 60% 50% 50% 40% 30% 40% 30% 24% 30% 20% 20% 10% 4% 10% 2% 2% 0% 0% 0% Crash Type Crash Type Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Property Damage Crashes Unknown Outcome Property Damage Crashes Unknown Outcome

High Crash Locations on Tribal Lands  93% of truck tractor crashes occurred on interstates and state routes  33% of truck tractor crashes occurred on I-10  14% of truck tractor crashes occurred on I-40 Developed by Jonathan Davis, ITCA ArcGIS Fellow

Collision Manner Truck Tractor Crashes by Collision  Single vehicle crashes: Manner, 1997-2006 29%  Multiple vehicle crashes: Single Vehicle 27% 29%  Sideswipe in same Sideswipe in direction: 24% Same Direction  Rear-end crashes: 22% Rear End 22%  Other: 27% 24% Other

First Harmful Event  Crashed with other Truck Tractor Crashes by First Harmful Event, 1997-2006 vehicle crashes: 63%  Crashed into fixed 14% Other Vehicle object: 9% 6% Fixed Object  Overturned: 8% 8% Overturned Dropped Object from  Dropped object from 63% Vehicle 9% Other vehicle: 6%  Other: 14%

Low Light Conditions  Defined as dark/dusk/dawn  35% of total truck tractor crashes occurred within low Source: www.mybinc.com/blog/category/motor- vehicle-record-check light conditions  48% of single vehicle truck tractor crashes happened in low light conditions Source: www.corporatedriving.com/semi-truck- driving-safety/

2007-2015 Crash Analysis Truck Tractor Crashes On and Off Tribal Lands in Arizona

Truck Tractor Crash Analysis: 2007-2015 Methods & Results  Utilized 2007-2015 reported crash data in ALISS  Used Global Position System coordinates to identify truck tractor crashes on and off Tribal lands  Identified n=17,292 total truck tractor crashes  760 on Tribal lands  16,532 off Tribal lands

Objectives  Compare truck tractor crash rates on Tribal lands versus off Tribal lands  Total  Fatal  Injury  Identify high crash locations  Identify frequencies  Crash severity  Collision manner  First harmful event  Light conditions  Time of day Source: overdrive.com  Single and Multiple Vehicles Crashes

Comparison of Truck Tractor Crash Rates on and off Tribal Lands, 2007-2015 100 92 87 90 80 70 60 Percent 50 40 30 20 8 10 4.1 2.7 2.5 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.3 0 No Injury Possible Injury Minor Injury Severe Injury Fatal Tribal Lands Tribal Lands, Off

Year 18 17 16 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 14 14 14 12 12 11 Percentage 10 8 6 6 4 1.4 2 1.2 0.9 0.5 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tribal Lands Tribal Lands, Off

High Crash Locations on Tribal Lands  93% of truck tractor crashes occurred on interstates and state routes  33.5% of truck tractor crashes occurred on I-10  18% of truck tractor crashes occurred on I-40 Developed by Jonathan Davis, ITCA ArcGIS Fellow

Collision Manner Rear to Rear Unknown Head On Single Vehicle Other Tribal Land Left Turn Sideswipe, opposite direction Tribal Lands, Off Rear to Side Angle Sideswipe, same direction Rear End 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 Percent

Single and Multiple Vehicle Crashes 100 90 80 80 70 70 Percentage 60 50 40 30 30 20 20 10 0 Multiple Vehicles Single Vehicle Tribal Lands Tribal Lands, Off

First Harmful Events 80 69 70 58 60 Tribal Lands Percentage 50 Tribal Lands, Off 40 30 20 11 10 8 7 10 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 0 First Harmful Event

Light Conditions 100 90 80 69 66 70 Percentage 60 50 40 27 30 16 20 10 10 3 2.8 2.5 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 Daylight Dark, not Dark, lighted Dawn Dusk Dark, lighted unknown lighting Light Conditions Tribal Lands Tribal Lands, Off

Time of Day 9 8 7 6 Percent 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hour of Crash Tribal Lands Tribal Lands, Off

Strengths and Limitations of ALISS Data Analyses Strengths Limitations  8 & 10 years of crash  Include tribal and non- data in analyses tribal drivers  Crash locations are  Misclassification of truck accurate tractor trailers Source: Federal Highway Administration, FHWA-RD-01-159

ITCA Recommendations for Tribes Policy: Enforcement:  Strengthen Tribal traffic codes  Conduct traffic stops of pertaining to commercial traffic commercial vehicles  Invest in Tribal police training to on Tribal lands  Participate in Arizona Strategic become certified commercial Highway Safety Plan vehicle inspectors  Conduct commercial vehicle implementation for heavy vehicles inspections regularly Education: Engineering:  Conduct “Share the Road”  Complete analyses of MVC training for Tribal members to involving commercial traffic  Utilize Road Safety Assessments heighten awareness of driving  Utilize traffic calming strategies on strategies near commercial vehicles state routes through Tribal communities  Place rumble strips to minimize lane departures

July 2010 Road Safety Assessment

Process  Assessment of State Route (SR) 389, mileposts 30-31 2-lane, unlit, rural asphalt East-west direction road w/paved shoulders Generally flat w/low hills and Speed is 65 mph flat horizontal curves Center line recessed Center and edge line rumble pavement markers strips  Team: ADOT, ADPS, BIADOT WRO, and IHS

Data Analyses 2008 Traffic Count Crash History, 1999-2008  ADOT data  50 total crashes  Average Daily Traffic 2,500  2 fatalities vehicles per day at intersection of State Route (SR)389 and  5 serious injuries BIA50  Overturn crashes  15% truck traffic  ADOT/ADPS indicated truck volumes significantly higher, possibly 30%  SR389 one of few non- interstate routes to permit triple trailers

Start-up Meeting: Tribal Concerns  Tribe has a current turning lanes project at BIA50  Many “near misses” at BIA50 and SR389  SR389 unique mix of road users: large trucks, unfamiliar drivers, international visitors, recreational vehicles, boat trailers, bicyclists BIA50 and SR389 Intersection and local traffic