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Translating the Circular Economy into the Australian Context - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Translating the Circular Economy into the Australian Context Geraldine Brennan, CMOS Interdisciplinary Workshop, UTS, 9 th September 2014 WORKSHOP AGENDA Timing Activity Facilitators Welcome & Introduction Prof. Sue Benn 10:00-10:10

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Translating the Circular Economy into the Australian Context

Geraldine Brennan, CMOS Interdisciplinary Workshop, UTS, 9th September 2014

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WORKSHOP AGENDA

Timing Activity Facilitators

10:00-10:10 Welcome & Introduction

  • Prof. Sue Benn

10:20-10:40 Overview of the UK EPSRC Centre for Industrial Sustainability's current research and problematization

  • f the Circular Economy.

Geraldine Brennan 10:40-11:00 Q&A 11:00-11:15 World Café Round #1: What does CE mean in the Australian context? Dr Robert Perey Dr Melissa Edwards Geraldine Brennan 11:15-11:30 Sharing Insights with Group 11:30-11:45 World Café Round #2: What does CE mean from our different disciplinary perspectives? 11:45-11:55 Sharing Insights with Group 11:55-12:00 Next Steps & Close

  • Prof. Sue Benn
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SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY

  • 3rd Year Doctoral Researcher from Imperial College

London.

  • Supervised by Dr Mike Tennant.
  • Funded by UK EPSRC Centre for Industrial

Sustainability, a collaboration between Cambridge University, Cranfield University, Imperial College London and Loughborough University.

  • & by Climate-KIC, one of three Knowledge and

Innovation Communities set up by the European Institute of Innovation & Technology in 2010.

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CHALLENGE LED RESEARCH:

MANUFACTURING CONTRIBUTES TO PROBLEM & SOLUTION

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KEY IDEAS IN INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY (IE)

EXPLORING SOME OF THE ANTECEDENTS OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

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KALUNDBORG: ESTABLISHED IN 1970

Image Source: Ecodecision, Spring 1996: 20 [Online] http://newcity.ca/Pages/industrial_ecology.html

By-product exchange between firms at production process level analogous to trophic flows in biological food webs.

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REFRAMING WASTE AS A RESOURCE: DEVELOPING CO-PRODUCTS

Source: Bocken (2012) Circle Economy Workshop / SustainValue 2012 Wissington Site: See www.britishsugar.co.uk

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INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY & INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS

SUCCESSES

  • Since 1970s there are
  • ver 60 examples (Chertow &

Ehrenfeld, 2012)

  • Tianjin Economic

Technological Development Area (TEDA), China - 81 inter-firm symbiotic relationships (Shi et al,. 2010)

  • Beyond material

exchanges to include sharing of infrastructure and information (Deutz & Gibbs,

2008)

CRITIQUE

Efficiency gains…. BUT

  • creates lock-in of practices

that produce waste instead

  • f design out waste in the

first place (Oldenburg & Geiser (1997)

cited in (Boons et al., 2011))

  • entrenches ‘sup-optimal

technologies’ (O’Rourke et al., 1996)

  • Under emphasises social

factors in transformation of industrial systems

  • Limited to production

process level from perspective of individual businesses rather than

  • verall strategy
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Thinkers Concepts/ Frameworks Level of Application (1862) Peter Lund Simmonds By-product exchanges Industrial System (1966) Kenneth Boulding The spaceship "closed- economy" Industrial System (1969) Robert Ayres & Allen Kneese Industrial “metabolism” Industrial System (1989) Robert Frosch & Nicholas Gallopoulous Industrial “ecosystem” Industrial System (1984) Walter Stahel Circular or loop economy through product-life extension. Product Design (1993) Paul Hawken Circular economy, restorative economy. Community (1996) Thomas Graedel Earth system ecology. Industrial System (1997) Janine Benyus Biomimicry Design. Product Design (1998; 2010) Gunter Pauli Coined term ‘up-cycling’ and Blue Economy. Enterprise Development (2002; 2007 & 2013) Michael Braungart & William McDonough Cradle to Cradle Design

  • Framework. Distinction between

technical and biological “nutrients”. Product Design

SOME OF THE INFLUENTIAL THINKERS

Source: Tennant, Brennan and Blomsma, 2015/Forthcoming

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IDEAS DISCUSSED IN LITERATURES ACROSS DISCIPLINES

TERMS/AREAS

  • Industrial ecology
  • Urban metabolism
  • Clean technology
  • Cleaner production
  • Closed-loop supply chains
  • Recycling
  • Reverse logistics
  • Remanufacturing
  • Product service systems

JOURNALS

  • Journal of Industrial Ecology
  • Journal of Cleaner Production
  • Resources, Conservation and

Recycling

  • Environmental Science &

Technology

  • American Chemical Society
  • International Journal of

Production Research

  • International Journal of

Production Economics

  • Manufacturing & Service

Operations Management

Predominantly engineering although Human Geography is another discipline also looking at waste as a resource.

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EXTENDING IE TO THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY?

Throughput Model – take, make, waste Applying IE principles to products and component as well as process level

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Image Source: Towards a Circular Economy Report (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2012:58)

$$$ OPPORTUNITY FOR EU & GLOBE?

  • Estimate EU could

save up to US$630 per annum (EMF, 2012)

  • Latest report – could

generate more than $1trn (£600bn) a year for the global economy by 2025 (EMF, 2014)

  • Also see New

Dynamic: Effective business in a circular economy (2014)

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CURRENT PRODUCTION SYSTEM EXTRACT , USE, DISPOSAL

Source: RSA The Great Recovery – Systems for a Circular Economy

Resource Security Mitigating Material Supply Risks Mitigating Resource Price Volatility

Business motivation to shift to circular systems in developed economies:

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GREY LITERATURE

Michael Braungart & William McDonough Gunther Pauli Walter Stahel

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WALTER STAHEL: “THE PRODUCT LIFE FACTOR” (1984)

  • Product life extension activities:
  • Re-Use
  • Repair
  • Reconditioning
  • Remanufacturing
  • Requires:
  • Designing products for longevity
  • Designing products for

disassembly

  • Designing products so they can

be remanufactured

  • & addressing planned
  • bsolescence

Source: Walter Stahel & Michael Braungart Ellen MacArthur Foundation Circular Economy 100 Summit 2013

Tension: Speed of product innovation vs design for circularization of materials

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CRADLE TO CRADLE (C2C)

(Braungart & McDonough 2002; 2007; 2013)

Critique: Doesn’t address the pace of flows (Bakker et al., 2010)

Image Source: Hansan, K. (2012) Introduction to the Cradle to Cradle Design Paradigm , Ellen MacArthur Foundation Webinar 28/03/2012

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THE BLUE ECONOMY & MATERIAL CASCADES

Source: Pauli (2010) The Blue Economy

Critique: Harder to create beneficial cascades with technical or non-biological materials.

Emphasises:

  • Emulating natural ecosystems
  • Cascading nutrients between the five kingdoms (L. Margulis)
  • Creating value from every cascade
  • Creating multiple cash flows
  • Working with what is locally available
  • Enterprise development in local communities
  • Key principle: ‘substituting something with nothing’
  • See Farming Mushrooms on Coffee Waste Case Study
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TAKE HOME….

1) Circular economy is aspirational

  • Thermodynamically impossible to create a “zero-waste” closed loop economy (Clift & Allwood,

2011)

2) Distinction between biological systems and industrial systems

  • Biological ecosystems are not closed as is envisaged for industrial systems
  • Loops in natural systems extend over spatial and temporal scales (Tennant, Brennan &

Blomsma, 2015 Forthcoming)

  • Certain linkages can result in lock-in of sub-optimal technologies (O’Rourke et. al., 1996)

3) Energy flows as important as material flows

  • energy required to re-process components/materials or goods (O’Rourke et al., 1996) therefore

pace of flows is important (Bakker et al, 2010)

  • energy required in use-phase of products needs to also be considered! (Gutowski et al, 2011).

4) Rebound potential

  • energy and material savings in one area have the potential to lead to an increase in

economic growth and increased consumption in another.

5) Context is important

  • May not always be beneficial to adopt a product life extension strategy if new energy

efficient product available and majority of impact is in use phase (Gutowski et al, 2011).

  • Efficiency activities have a role to play.

We take a critical approach to CE and view it as part of a broader approach to sustainable resource management.

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CIRCULAR ECONOMY RESEARCH @

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Yuan Tao Policy support mechanisms for Industrial Symbiosis: A comparative study between UK and China

Contact: yt289@cam.ac.uk

Fenna Blomsma How to understand & use ‘circularity’ as a basis for Innovation

Contact: f.blomsma12@imperial.ac.uk

My Research

  • Extension of the

concept of material and energy flows in industrial ecology to social systems

  • Exploring symbolic

flows that characterise

  • rganizational

relationships.

Contact: geraldine.brennan09@imperial.ac.uk

DOCTORAL RESEARCH ON THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

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CIRCULARITY THINKING & MAKING SENSE OF IE FROM AN ORGANIZATIONAL PERSPECTIVE*

Papers under development which critique and unpack various flavours

  • f ‘circularity’
  • Emphasising critical thinking

about strategies and trade offs associated with ‘going circular’

  • To support organizational

decision making related to implementing circular systems

geraldine.brennan09@imperial.ac.uk f.blomsma12@imperial.ac.uk

*Abstracts presented at Gordon Research Conference on Industrial Ecology 2014

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REDRESS is a 2 year collaborative project funded by the TSB competition ‘Supply Chain Innovation Towards A Circular Economy’.

Lead Researcher: Dr Nancy Bocken (nmpb2@cam.ac.uk)

Image Source: (2011) Clothing Rags, by Sherry Thal, Flickr

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Circulareconomy toolkit.org

*Developed by Jamie Evans and supervised by Dr. Nancy Bocken (nmpb2@cam.ac.uk)

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ResCoM is an European Commission co-funded project working on the development of closed-loop product systems.

http://www.rescoms.eu/rescom

ADVISORY BOARD

Dr Mike Tennant

LEAD RESEARCHER

Dr Nancy Bocken

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Value mapping tool Sustainable business model archetypes

BOCKEN, N. M. P., SHORT, S. W., RANA, P. & EVANS, S. 2014. A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model

  • archetypes. Journal of Cleaner

Production, 65, 42-56. Plan C – Integrated archetypes into Business Model Innovation Grid http://www.plan-c.eu/bmix/

SUSTAIN VALUE

http://www.sustainvalue.eu/index.htm

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REFERENCES

  • Bocken, N. (2012) Circle Economy Workshop – Sustainable Business Model Innovation Workshop. The Netherlands. [Online] http://www.p-

plus.nl/resources/articlefiles/CircleEconomyWorkshopprocessv4.1.pdf

  • BOONS, F., SPEKKINK, W. & MOUZAKITIS, Y. 2011. The dynamics of industrial symbiosis: a proposal for a conceptual framework based upon a

comprehensive literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19, 905-911.

  • BRAUNGART, M., MCDONOUGH, W. & BOLLINGER, A. 2007. Cradle-to-cradle design: creating healthy emissions – a strategy for eco-effective

product and system design. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15, 1337-1348.

  • CLIFT, R. & ALLWOOD, J. M. 2011. Rethinking the Economy. The Chemical Engineer, Mar2011.
  • CHERTOW, M. & EHRENFELD, J. R. 2012. Organising Self-Organising Systems Towards a Theory of Industrial Symbiosis. Journal of Industrial

Ecology, 16.

  • GUTOWSKI, T. G., SAHNI, S., BOUSTANI, A. & GRAVES, S. C. 2011. Remanufacturing and Energy Savings. Environmental Science &

Technology, 45, 4540-4547.

  • DEUTZ, P. & GIBBS, D. 2008. Industrial Ecology and Regional Development: Eco-Industrial Development as Cluster Policy. Regional Studies,

42, 1313-1328.

  • ELLEN MACARTHUR FOUNDATION 2012. Towards the Circular Economy: Economic and business rationale for an accelerated transition. In:

FOUNDATION, T. E. M. (ed.). * & see website for 2013 & 2014 reports.

  • O’Rourke, D., Connelly, L. & Koshland, C. 1996. Industrial ecology: a critical review. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 6, 89-112.
  • MCDONOUGH, W. & BRAUNGART, M. 2002. Cradle to Cradle - Remaking the Way We Make Things, New York, USA, North Point Press.
  • MCDONOUGH, W. & BRAUNGART, M. 2013 . The Upcycle – Beyond Sustainability Design for Abundance, New York, USA, North Point Press.
  • PAULI, G. 2010. The Blue Economy - 10 Years, 100 Innovations and 100 Million Jobs a Report to the Club of Rome, Taos, New Mexico,

Paradigm Publications.

  • RSA

Great Recovery Project (2013) Systems for a Circular Economy [Online] http://www.greatrecovery.org.uk/wp- cont/uploads/2012/11/GR_Systems.pdf

  • STAHEL, W. R. 1984. The Product-Life Factor In: (ED.), S. G. O. (ed.) An Inquiry into the Nature of Sustainable Societies, the Role of the Private
  • Sector. HARC Houston, Texas, USA: The Mitchell Prizes 1982. [Online] http://www.product-life.org/en/the-30th-anniversary-of-walter-r-stahel-

prize-winning-paper-the-product-life-factor

  • SHI, H., CHERTOW, M. & SONG, Y. 2010. Developing country experience with eco-industrial parks: a case study of the Tianjin Economic-

Technological Development Area in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18, 191-199.

  • Tennant, M., Brennan, G., Blomsma, F. (Forthcoming 2015). Chapter 18: Business and production solutions: Closing the Loop. In: (Ed) Kopnina,
  • H. and Shoreman-Ouimet, E., Sustainability: Key Issues, EarthScan.
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Geraldine Brennan Doctoral Researcher UK Tel: +447503510142 E: gtb09@imperial.ac.uk EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Industrial Sustainability W: http://www.industrialsustainability.org/ Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London 15 Princes Garden, South Kensington, London, SW7 1NA, UK.