TOTAL CAPABILITIES IN THE PIPELINE INDUSTRY UTILITY TECHNOLOGIES - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TOTAL CAPABILITIES IN THE PIPELINE INDUSTRY

UTILITY TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION Cincinnati Columbus West Jefferson

PLASTIC PIPE

DESIGN AND LIMITATIONS

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DESIGN FORMULA

PD = 2 x S x (DF) where PD = Design Pressure, psig SDR - 1 S = Long-Term Hydrostatic Strength, psi SDR = Standard Dimension Ratio = Pipe OD / WT DF = Design Factor = 0.32 for gas Plastic pipe in distribution systems or Class 3 or 4 locations is limited to 100 psig or less by 49 CFR 192.123 except- PE2406 or PE3408 Produced after 7/14/04: PD <= 125 psig if D <= 12"

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Plastic Pipe Design OGA Engineering Seminar 12-3-12 DIMENSIONS OF PLASTIC PIPE AND TUBING***

• NOM. DIA.

OD SDR = 13.5 SDR = 11.5 SDR = 11 SDR = 10 SDR = 9.33 (IN) (IN) WT (IN) ID (IN) WT (IN) ID (IN) WT (IN) ID (IN) WT (IN) ID (IN) WT (IN) ID (IN) PIPE 1/2 0.840 0.062 (#) 0.716 0.073 0.694 0.076 0.687 0.084 0.672 0.090 0.660 " 3/4 1.050 0.090 (#) 0.870 0.091 0.867 0.095 0.859 0.105 0.840 0.113 0.825 " 1 1.315 0.097 1.120 0.114 1.086 0.120 1.076 0.132 1.052 0.141 1.033 " 1-1/4 1.660 0.123 1.414 0.144 1.371 0.151 1.358 0.166 1.328 0.178 1.304 " 1-1/2 1.900 0.141 1.619 0.165 1.570 0.173 1.555 0.190 1.520 0.204 1.493 " 2 2.375 0.176 2.023 0.207 1.962 0.216 1.943 0.238 1.900 0.255 1.866 " 3 3.500 0.259 2.981 0.304 2.891 0.318 2.864 0.350 2.800 0.375 2.750 " 4 4.500 0.333 3.833 0.391 3.717 0.409 3.682 0.450 3.600 0.482 3.535 " 6 6.625 0.491 5.644 0.576 5.473 0.602 5.420 0.663 5.300 0.710 5.205 " 8 8.625 0.639 7.347 0.750 7.125 0.784 7.057 0.863 6.900 0.924 6.776 " 10 10.750 0.796 9.157 0.935 8.880 0.977 8.795 1.075 8.600 1.152 8.446 " 12 12.750 0.944 10.861 1.109 10.533 1.159 10.432 1.275 10.200 1.367 10.017 TUBING 1/2 0.625 0.062 (#) 0.500 0.067 0.491 " 1 1.125 0.090 (#) 0.945 0.098 0.929 0.102 0.920 0.113 0.900 0.121 0.884 (#) Minimum required by 49 CFR 192.321 for uncased pipe, not a function of SDR.

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Plastic Pipe Design OGA Engineering Seminar 12-3-12

SAMPLE CALCULATION MDPE PIPE PE 2406: S=1250 psi PD = 2 x S x (DF) D = 4" SDR - 1 SDR = 13.5 = 2 x 1250 x 0.32 DF=0.32 (gas) 13.5 - 1 = 64.0 psig

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Plastic Pipe Design OGA Engineering Seminar 12-3-12

SAMPLE CALCULATION HDPE PIPE PE 3408: S=1600 psi PD = 2 x S x (DF) D = 4" SDR - 1 SDR = 13.5 = 2 x 1600 x 0.32 DF=0.32 (gas) 13.5 - 1 = 81.9 psig

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Plastic Pipe Design OGA Engineering Seminar 12-3-12

GAS PRESSURE RATING AT 73F

PE2406 MD Pipe (73 F) PE3408 HD Pipe (73 F) S SDR PD PD (after 7/04, D<=12) S SDR PD PD (after 7/04, D<=12) 1250 32.5 25.4 25.4 1600 32.5 32.5 32.5 1250 26 32.0 32.0 1600 26 41.0 41.0 1250 21 40.0 40.0 1600 21 51.2 51.2 1250 17 50.0 50.0 1600 17 64.0 64.0 1250 13.5 64.0 64.0 1600 13.5 81.9 81.9 1250 11.5 76.2 76.2 1600 11.5 97.5 97.5 1250 11 80.0 80.0 1600 11 100.0 102.4 1250 10 88.9 88.9 1600 10 100.0 113.8 1250 9.33 96.0 96.0 1600 9.33 100.0 122.9 1250 9 100.0 100.0 1600 9 100.0 125.0 1250 8 100.0 114.3 1600 8 100.0 125.0 1250 7 100.0 125.0 1600 7 100.0 125.0 Plastic pipe in distribution systems or Class 3 or 4 locations is limited to 100 psig or less by 49 CFR 192.123 except:

• PE2406/3408 Produced after 7/14/04: PD <=125 psig if D<=12"

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Plastic Pipe Design OGA Engineering Seminar 12-3-12

REDUCED GAS PRESSURE RATING AT 140F

PE2406 MD Pipe (140 F) PE3408 HD Pipe (140 F) S SDR PD PD (after 7/04, D<=12) S SDR PD PD (after 7/04, D<=12) 1000 32.5 20.3 20.3 1000 32.5 20.3 20.3 1000 26 25.6 25.6 1000 26 25.6 25.6 1000 21 32.0 32.0 1000 21 32.0 32.0 1000 17 40.0 40.0 1000 17 40.0 40.0 1000 13.5 51.2 51.2 1000 13.5 51.2 51.2 1000 11.5 61.0 61.0 1000 11.5 61.0 61.0 1000 11 64.0 64.0 1000 11 64.0 64.0 1000 10 71.1 71.1 1000 10 71.1 71.1 1000 9.33 76.8 76.8 1000 9.33 76.8 76.8 1000 9 80.0 80.0 1000 9 80.0 80.0 1000 8 91.4 91.4 1000 8 91.4 91.4 1000 7 100.0 106.7 1000 7 100.0 106.7 Plastic pipe in distribution systems or Class 3 or 4 locations is limited to 100 psig or less by 49 CFR 192.123 except:

• PE2406/3408 Produced after 7/14/04: PD <=125 psig if D<=12"

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PE PROPERTIES

• Density
• Molecular Weight
• Molecular Weight Distribution

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Plastic Pipe Design OGA Engineering Seminar 12-3-12 10

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Slow Crack Growth Stress Rupture Regions

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Slow Crack Growth Stress Rupture Curves

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New PE Materials

Current PE 2406 (New 2606, 2708) Current PE 3408 (New 3608, 3708, 3710) (New 4608, 4708, 4710)

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PE “Code”

Example: PE 2406, PE3408, PE4710 PE 2 4 06 PE 3 6 08 PE 4 7 10

Polyethylene Density Slow Crack Growth Resistance Design Stress (DFw x S / 100) PE 2 = >.925 to .940 g/cm3 4 = PENT Test > 10 hours 06 = 625 psi PE 3 = >.940 to .947 g/cm3 6 = PENT Test > 100 hours 08 = 800 psi PE 4 = >.947 to .955 g/cm3 7 = PENT Test > 500 hours 10 = 1000 psi

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New Pipe Marking

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The photograph below is a typical butt fusion bead appearance between 2 inch PE3408(PE80) and PE4710 (PE100) pipes. The PE4710 bead on the right is rougher than the PE3408, however this is a surface appearance only and does not affect joint strength.

PA11 Pipe

• Polyamide material
• Higher strength than HDPE (S=2500 @73F)
• Higher strength at higher temperatures than

HDPE (up to 180F)

• 192.121: For Pipe produced after 1/23/09
• DF=0.40 (vs. 0.32 for PE pipe)
• Design pressure can exceed 100 psi if

Calculated PD <= 200 psi; and D<=4”; and SDR<=11.

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Fittings

• Design to highest pipe design pressure

(e.g. joining MDPE to HDPE pipe)

• Design for pullout/thrust forces
• Follow manufacturer’s recommendations
• 192.191 Conform to ASTM D2513-99

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Valves

• Design to highest pipe design pressure
• Follow manufacturer’s recommendations
• 192.193 Protect against shear/torque (valve box)

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Plastic Pipe Limitations

• 49 CFR Part 192 requirements
• Other limitations/concerns

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192.281 Plastic Pipe

• Butt fusion-join by device that holds pipe square,

compresses ends together, holds alignment

• Socket fusion-join by device that heats uniformly

and simultaneously to same temperature

• Electrofusion-join using equipment and

techniques of manufacturer

• No torch or open flame
• Mechanical joints

– Gasket material compatible with pipe – Rigid stiffener with compression fittings

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192.283 Qualifying Joining Procedures

• Heat fusion and electrofusion joining-qualify

by defined tests

• Mechanical joining-qualify by defined tests
• Make copies of procedures available to

persons making and inspecting joints

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192.285 Qualifying Persons to Make Joints

• Require training and experience
• Make specimen joints that pass visual and

destructive tests

• Annual requalification
• Operator to establish method to ensure

qualification of personnel

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192.287 Inspection of Joints

• Inspectors to be qualified by training or

experience in evaluating joint acceptability

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192.321 Installation of Plastic Pipe

• Install below ground (except cased on bridge)
• Minimize shear and tensile stresses
• Maximum 2 year storage above ground
• Coiled Pipe

– Straighten/reround for joining – Restrain ends for safety

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192.513 Test Requirements for Plastic Pipe

• Test must discover potentially hazardous leaks
• Test at 150% MAOP or 50 psig, whichever is

greater

• Maximum test pressure less than 3 x PD

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Other Limitations/Concerns

• Static electricity

– Wet/ground pipe

• Squeeze-off

– One time at a location – Slow squeeze/release

• Cold bending

– Minimum radius (manufacturer)

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PLASTIC PIPE PROBLEM 1 Determine Design Pressure: PE 2406 D = 10" SDR = 11.0 Gas service 2010 pipe

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Plastic Pipe Problems OGA Engineering Seminar 12-3-12

PLASTIC PIPE PROBLEM 1

SOLUTION

S = 1250 DF = 0.32 (gas) PE 2406 D = 10" PD = 2 x S x (DF) SDR = 11.0 SDR - 1 Gas Service = 2 x 1250 x 0.32 2010 Pipe 11.0 - 1 = 80.0 psig

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PLASTIC PIPE PROBLEM 2 Determine Design Pressure: PE 3408 D = 6" SDR = 11.0 Gas service 2003 pipe

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Plastic Pipe Problems OGA Engineering Seminar 12-3-12

PLASTIC PIPE PROBLEM 2 SOLUTION

S = 1600 DF = 0.32 (gas) PE 3408 D = 6" PD = 2 x S x (DF) SDR = 11.0 SDR - 1 Gas Service = 2 x 1600 x 0.32 2003 Pipe 11.0 - 1 = 102.4 psig 100 psig (Pipe produced before 7/14/04)

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PLASTIC PIPE PROBLEM 3 Determine Design Pressure: PA 11 D = 6" SDR = 11 Gas service 2010 pipe

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Plastic Pipe Problems OGA Engineering Seminar 12-3-12

PLASTIC PIPE PROBLEM 3 SOLUTION

S = 2500 DF = 0.40 (gas) PA 11 D = 6" PD = 2 x S x (DF) SDR = 11.0 SDR - 1 Gas Service = 2 x 2500 x 0.40 2010 Pipe 11.0 - 1 = 200.0 psig 100 psig (Pipe diameter > 4”)

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