TOPICS BANANA DEMAND AND SUPPLY BANANA PRICE MECHANASIM BANANA - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TOPICS

• BANANA DEMAND AND SUPPLY
• BANANA PRICE MECHANASIM
• BANANA EXPORT MARKETING

BANANA DEMAND AND SUPPLY BANANA DEMAND AND SUPPLY AND PRICE MECHANISM

• A banana is an edible fruit produced by several kinds of large

herbaceous flowering plants of the genus Musa.

• The banana is the most popular fruit in the world, worth £5

BANANA

• The banana is the most popular fruit in the world, worth £5

billion in trade terms.

• In terms of gross value of production, bananas are the world’s

fourth most important crop after rice, wheat and maize.

• Pakistan is a key player in the banana industry.
• Area under cultivation is 35,000 hectares.

STATISTICS ON BANANA PRODUCTION

• Area under cultivation is 35,000 hectares.
• 90% is cultivated in Sind province.
• The majority of banana farmers in this area are smallholders with less

than 20 hectares.

• Sind is a major banana producing area with about 85 to 92 per cent

in banana acreage and about 90 per cent of production.

• The average area under the fruit in Sind was 32,200 hectares with a

production of 126,000 tons.

BANANA VARIETIES IN PAKISTAN BANANA VARIETIES IN SIND: BANANA VARIETIES IN SIND:

• Sind has two varieties of banana.

(a) Cavendish dwarf (Basrai) (b) Cavendish Giant (William Hybrid)

CAVENDISH DWARF

GIANT CAVENDISH

In Sind, Banana is mainly cultivated in Khairpur, Hyderabad, Thatta, Nawabshah, Naushahro Feroz, Sanghar, Mirpurkhas & Badin districts. The data indicates that Khairpur, Thatta & Hyderabad districts are the leading

MAJOR DISTRICTS OF BANANA PRODUCTION

data indicates that Khairpur, Thatta & Hyderabad districts are the leading banana producing districts with production of 35,324 , 30,432 & 21,996 tons. COST OF PRODUCTION: Total cost per acre for banana production has been found that average cost per acre is around RS.66,300. Current cost of production is 80,000 to 150,000 PKR/acre.

SINDH’S DISTRICT MAP

Banana growing districts of Sindh

YIELD OF BANANA IN PAKISTAN

Production per acre, of various types of banana else where and scaling them to possible yields in Sindh as where and scaling them to possible yields in Sindh as compared to William Hybrid.

TYPES YIELD PER ACRE William Hybrid 8 - 12 tons Basrai 6 – 9 tons Bluefields 4 – 5 tons Chinese 7 – 8 tons Brazilian 3 -4 tons

YIELD OF BANANA

S.No Country Total Production Average Yield per Acre Price per MT (USD) S.No Country Production MT per Acre (USD) 1 Pakistan 95,000 6 908 2 India 11,000,000 12.5 908 3 China 4,812,530 18 908 4 Brazil 6,339,350 18 908

CAN WE INCREASE THE YIELD OF BANANA

By using the tissue culture technology.

• By using the tissue culture technology.
• Certified varieties (High yield Varieties)
• By using the modern technologies

• According to the figures from the economic survey 2011-2012,

banana production fell from 139,000 tones in 2010-2011 to 99,000 tons in 2011-2012. (Production decrease due to Mega Flood and Rain in 2010 and 2011) DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF BANANA IN PAKISTAN in 2010 and 2011)

• Indian banana is in high demand in Pakistan, following a decline in

domestic production, are being sold in cities across Pakistan for a whopping Rs 180 to Rs 200 a dozen.

• Indian bananas were initially imported for markets in the most

populous province of Punjab and are now being supplied to the southern province of Sind.

• Bananas are cultivated on almost 90,000 acres of land in the country,

while the produce on one acre can bring around Rs0.4 million.

EXPORT MARKETING OF BANANA EXPORT MARKETING:

• Banana has a lot of potential to earn foreign
• Banana has a lot of potential to earn foreign

exchange.

• During the four months of the peak season about 50

to 60 trucks (250 mds capacity) of banana per day are exported to Afghanistan and about four to five trucks to Iran.

• Our domestic consumption/capita/year is 0.9 kg

whereas maximum in Philippines 34 kg.

EXPORT MARKETING OF BANANA DEMAND OF BANANA IN INTERNATIONAL MARKET:

• World demand for bananas is quite high, with Japan
• World demand for bananas is quite high, with Japan

importing almost 1.2 million metric tons; Russia, 863,000 MT and China, almost 409,000 MT.

• Kabul market offer 100-200 PKR more than Lahore

market /40kg.

• Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala and the

Philippines - represent 11.6 Mt of exports (2010) out

• f a worldwide total of 13.9 Mt, i.e. 83%.

Sr.No. Country Banana Production (Mt) 2001 1 India 15,100,000 2 Ecuador 7,561,119 3 Brazil 5,744,200 Sr.No. Country Banana Production (Mt) 2001 16 Tazania, United Rep of 800,300 17 Egypt 735,999 18 Papua, New Guinea 700,000

WORLD WIDE PRODUCTION OF BANANA

3 Brazil 5,744,200 4 China 5,555,000 5 Philippines 4,500,000 6 Indonesia 3,600,000 7 Mexico 1,900,000 8 Costa Rica 1,860,000 9 Thailand 1,720,000 10 Burundi 1,548,897 11 Columbia 1,380,450 12 Viet Nam 1,125,500 13 Venezuela 1,050,000 14 Cameroon 850,000 15 Guatemala 800,400 18 Papua, New Guinea 700,000 19 Bolivia 687,829 20 Uganda 610,000 21 Bangladesh 572,000 22 Malaysia 560,000 23 Panama 489,417 24 Honduras 457,000 25 Dominican Republic 445,413 26 Spain 400,200 27 Congo 312,690 28 Martinique 310,000 29 Angola 290,000 30 Haiti 290,000

• Sr. No.

Country Banana Production (Mt) 2001 31 Côte d'Ivoire 279,568 32 Australia 275,000

WORLD WIDE PRODUCTION OF BANANA

33 South Africa 268,026 34 Madagascar 260,000 35 Kenya 210,000 36 Cuba 180,000 37 Argentina 175,000 38 Guinea 150,000 39 Cambodia 146,000 40 Morocco 142,000 41 Pakistan 138,000 42 Israel 130,000 43 Jamaica 130,000 World wide Production of Banana 66,510,680

VARIETIES CULTIVATED

• Commercially, bananas are classified as dessert types and

culinary types. The culinary types have starchy fruits and are used in the mature unripe form as vegetables. Important used in the mature unripe form as vegetables. Important cultivars include Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Monthan, Poovan, Nendran, Red banana, Nyali, Safed Velchi, Basrai, Ardhapuri, Rasthali, Karpurvalli, Karthali and Grand Naine etc.

• GrandNaine, an imported variety from Israel is gaining

popularity and may soon become the most preferred variety due to its tolerance to A-biotic stresses and good quality

• bunches. Fruit develops attractive uniform yellow color with

better shelf life & quality than other cultivars.

GRAND NAINE

VARIETIES CULTIVATED IN INDIA

• Important banana varieties cultivated in different states of India are given below :

State Varieties grown Andhra Pradesh

• Dwarf

Cavendish, Robusta, Rasthali, Amritpant, Thellachakrakeli, Karpoora Poovan, Chakrakeli, Monthan and Yenagu Bontha Assam

• Jahaji

(Dwarf Cavendish), Chini Champa, Malbhog, Borjahaji (Robusta), Honda, Manjahaji, Chinia (Manohar), Borjahaji (Robusta), Honda, Manjahaji, Chinia (Manohar), Kanchkol, Bhimkol, Jatikol, Digjowa, Kulpait, Bharat Moni Bihar

• Dwarf Cavendish, Alpon, Chinia , Chini Champa, Malbhig,

Muthia, Kothia , Gauria Gujarat

• Dwarf Cavendish, Lacatan, Harichal (Lokhandi), Gandevi

Selection, Basrai, Robusta, G-9, Harichal, Shrimati Jharkhand

• Basrai, Singapuri

Karnataka

• Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Rasthali, Poovan, Monthan,

Elakkibale Kerala

• Nendran

(Plantain), Palayankodan (Poovan), Rasthali, Monthan, Red Banana, Robusta Madhya Pradesh

• Basrai

Maharashtra

• Dwarf Cavendish, Basrai, Robusta, Lal Velchi, Safed Velchi,

Rajeli Nendran, Grand Naine, Shreemanti, Red Banana Orissa

• Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Champa, Patkapura (Rasthali)

Tamil Nadu

• Virupakshi,

Robusta, Rad Banana, Poovan, Rasthali, Nendran, Monthan, Karpuravalli, Sakkai, Peyan, Matti West Bengal

• Champa, Mortman , Dwarf Cavendish, Giant Governor,

Kanthali, Singapuri

YIELD

• The 'Gros Michel' banana has yielded 3 to 7 tons per acre (3

to 7 MT/ha) in Central America.

• A 'Giant Cavendish' bunch may weigh 110 lbs (50 kg) and
• A 'Giant Cavendish' bunch may weigh 110 lbs (50 kg) and

have a total of 363 marketable fruits.

• Sword suckers of plantains have yielded 54,984 fruits per acre

(135,866 fruits /ha); water suckers, 49,021 fruits per acre (121,132 fruits/ha).

SANITORY AND PHYTOSANITORY AGREEMENT

• The agreement on application of SPS measures sets out the basic rules for food

safety and animal and plant health standards. safety and animal and plant health standards.

• It allows countries to set their own standards which must be based on science.
• They should be applied only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or

plant health or life.

• They should not be arbitrary or unjustifiably discriminated between countries.
• Member countries are encouraged to use international standards, guidelines and

recommendation, where they exists.

• Basic aim of SPS agreement is to maintain sovereign right of any government to

protect the level of health.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

• SPS agreement encourages government to establish national SPS measure

consistent with international standards, guidelines and recommendations– process with harmonization. process with harmonization.

• WTO itself does not and will not develop standards, however, most WTO

member governments participate in development

• f

standards by international bodies.

• Harmonization of Standards are based on:

Codex Alimentarius Commission, OIE and IPPC.

• Import and Export Inspection and Certification System:

The guidelines include application of standards in international trade regulatory measures by government to protect consumers against food borne hazards.

EXPORT/IMPORT DOCUMENTS

• The following documents are normally used in export:
• E-Form

(Through authorized Commercial Bank)

• E-Form

(Through authorized Commercial Bank)

• Shipping Bill

(Through authorized Clearing Agent)

• B/L or AWB

(Through Clearing agent)

• Commercial Invoice
• Packing List
• Certificate Country of origin (Through Chamber) or (a)Generalised

System of Procedures (Through TDAP)

• Export contract registration details.

TAX RELATED DOCUMENTS

• NTN
• Sales Tax Registration
• Commercial exporter is not required to register with Sales Tax
• Department. But if you pay the Sale Tax on the goods from local

market it will be better for you to get yourself registered with sales tax department so that you may claim your input tax deducting on your purchases.

OTHER DOCUMENTS

• Bank account Details (Credit Facilities, LC etc)
• Chamber Certificate and CoO (Certificate of Origin)
• Chamber Certificate and CoO (Certificate of Origin)
• Form E

DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENTS

HARVESTING

Harvest when fingers are fairly evenly rounded. General practice is to harvest when fingers of second hand are ¾ rounded. Alternative, for tree- ripened fruit, cut only those hands that are ripen and leave the remaining for other day. These Bananas taste the best. However, this process is time for other day. These Bananas taste the best. However, this process is time consuming and not feasible. The mother plant should be cut off after harvest as the plant can never produce again.

HARVESTING

It is advisable to place harvested bunch in well padded basket before transporting to the collection site because Bananas are easily bruised and this will inevitably reduce the quality of the easily bruised and this will inevitably reduce the quality of the

• fruit. Once harvested, the bunch should be kept out of light, in

cool and shady place. The process of ripening can be accelerated by covering the bunch with plastic sleeve together with a ripe fruit as it releases small amount of heat and ethylene which helps initiate and stimulate ripening.

PADDED BASKET

MATURITY AND QUALITY OF BANANA

Maturity Indices:

• Degree of fullness of the finger, i.e., disappearance of angularity in a cross section.

Bananas are harvested mature-green and ripened upon arrival at destination Bananas are harvested mature-green and ripened upon arrival at destination markets since fruits ripened on the plant often split and have poor texture. Quality Indices:

• Maturity (the more mature the better the quality when ripe)
• Finger length (depending on intended use and demand for various sizes)
• Freedom from defects, such as insect injury, physical damage, scars, and decay.
• As bananas ripen their starch content is converted into sugars (increased

sweetness). Other constituents that influence flavor include acids and volatiles.

TEMPERATURE FOR BANANA

TEMPERATURE & CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE (CA): Optimum Temperature: Optimum Temperature: 13-14°C (56-58°F) for storage and transport . 15-20°C (59-68°F) for ripening. Optimum Relative Humidity: 90-95%

PACKAGING OF BANANA

Definition of Food Packaging

• Food packaging is defined as a mean or system by which a fresh

produce or processed product will reach from the production centre to the ultimate consumer in safe and sound condition at an to the ultimate consumer in safe and sound condition at an affordable price. Functions of Packaging Material Two main functions of packaging are:

• To assemble the produce into convenient units for handling.
• To protect the produce during distribution, storage and marketing.

PACKAGING OF BANANA

Packaging material serves the following purposes

• As an efficient handling unit
• Protects the produce from mechanical damage
• Protects the produce from moisture loss
• Provides clean and sanitary storage
• Prevents pilferage
• Provides sales and service motivation
• Reduces cost of transport and marketing

PACKAGING OF BANANA

Packaging Materials for Fresh Produce:

• 1. Basket made of woven strips of leaves, bamboo, plastic etc.
• 2. Wooden crates
• 2. Wooden crates
• 3. Fibreboard boxes

i)Solid fibreboard boxes ii)Corrugated fibreboard boxes

• 4. Plastic crates
• 5. Biodegradable plastics
• 6. New innovations in packaging of fruits, vegetables and root crops
• 7. Pallet boxes and shipping containers

BASKET MADE OF WOVEN STRIPS OF LEAVES

BASKET MADE OF BAMBOO

PLASTIC CRATE FOR BANANA

BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS

PACKAGING OF BANANA

Packaging Materials for Processed Products: Packaging for processed products is of following types:

• 1. Glass containers
• 2. Metal cans
• 3. Aluminium foil
• 4. Plastic materials
• 5. Collapsible containers
• 6. Composite containers

COLLAPSIBLE CONTAINERS

ALUMINIUM FOIL

PACKAGING OF BANANA

Cushioning Materials and Wrap:

• Dry grass, paddy straw, leaves, saw dust, paper shreds etc. can

be used as cushioning material for packaging fruits and be used as cushioning material for packaging fruits and vegetables.

• It should dissipate the heat of respiration of the produce.
• It should be free from infection and should be physiologically

inactive.

• Moulded pulp tray, honeycomb portion, cell pack are used

replacing the cushioning material.

• Cassia leaves are most effective in reducing physiological loss

in weight spoilage, retaining fruit colour and chemical quality.

PAPER SHREDS

POLYETHYLENE FILM BAGS

PACKAGING OF BANANA

• Shrink-wrapping of individual produce items is

a new and very useful technique.

• Shrink-wrapping with an engineered plastic
• Shrink-wrapping with an engineered plastic

wrap can reduce

• shrinkage,
• protect the produce from disease,
• reduce mechanical damage and
• provide a good surface for stick-on labels.

PACKAGING OF BANANA

Packaging of Banana:

• Conventionally bananas are transported as whole bunches wrapped with

banana leaves which cause damage to quality. banana leaves which cause damage to quality.

• Use of polyethylene film bags for wrapping whole bunches for transport is

the most suitable package to reduce wastage.

• For export purpose, bananas are packed in telescopic type corrugated

fiber board boxes of different dimensions with good ventilated holes.

• The banana hands should be packed in the boxes in the lengthwise

manner with their cushion resting on the bottom of the box and fruit finger tips pointing towards the lid.

• Stacking of such boxes should be done lengthwise.

PACKAGING OF BANANA

Banana Transport as Bulk & Loose (in Pakistan) by which quality is damaged quality is damaged

PACKAGING OF BANANA

Banana Transport in Carton:

PACKAGING OF BANANA

• Banana Transport in Carton:

Banana hands in plastic crate Bananas in the basket

SUM UP

• Food packaging is a system by which the fresh or processed produce will reach from the

production centre to the ultimate consumer in a safe and sound condition at an affordable production centre to the ultimate consumer in a safe and sound condition at an affordable cost.

• It serves two basic objectives, i.e., marketing and logistics.
• Adopting improved packaging, handling and transportation methods during distribution

and marketing can successfully reduce huge post harvest losses.

• However, the product requirements, the marketing system and the personnel preference

will determine the type of packaging to be used for a particular fruit.

STORAGE OF BANANA

Storage Keep Bananas refrigerated. The ripening process can be Keep Bananas refrigerated. The ripening process can be delayed if you refrigerate it. The skin of the fruit will turn dark but the flesh remains firm. Conversely, do not store Bananas below 13°C as it will stop its ripening process (at that temperature Bananas do not emitheatorethylene)

COLD STORE FOR BANANA

POST HARVEST HANDLING Post harvest handling For export market, Bananas bunch are usually demanded and soaked in sodium hypochlorite solution (bleach) to remove the latex and treated with thiabendazole (mintezol). Both sodium hypochlorite and treated with thiabendazole (mintezol). Both sodium hypochlorite and thiabendazole are chemical compound or commonly known as bleach. Control Strategies Minimizing bruising; prompt cooling to 14°C (58°F); proper sanitation

• f handling facilities; hot water treatments such as 5 minutes in 50°C

(120°F) water and/or fungicide (such as Imazalil) treatment to control crown rot.

HARVESTING AND PACKAGING

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

The fruit is susceptible to crown rot diseases caused by a fungus The fruit is susceptible to crown rot diseases caused by a fungus Fusarium aff. Sacchari. The crown rot disease can be effectively controlled by using chemicals extracted from citrus seed, in combination with the wax-based adjuvant and fungicides like thiabendazol, imazalil, ammonium sulphate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, oxalic and maleic acids, cinnamon extract, piper extract, garlic extract, chlorine water and chitosan solution along with

• r without hot water treatment.

RECOMMANDATIONS & CONCLUSION

• To gain an understanding of the main problems faced by the sector, CABI (Centre

for Agricultural Bioscience International) researchers are carrying out a full review

• f the industry in Sind province from field to market. Farmers and other key-players
• f the industry in Sind province from field to market. Farmers and other key-players

will be surveyed through questionnaires, interviews and group discussions and any relevant research carried out to date and associated literature will also be reviewed.

• The findings will be used to draw up a strategic plan for future development

schemes of the banana production industry and recommendations for the problems identified will be made.

• Farmers tend to only receive a quarter of the final retail price with various middle

men taking a cut. By strengthening links between farmer and market the farmer should get a fairer price for his produce.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

• Perishables

Handling #88, November 1996 For more information, see our publication “Fruit Ripening & Ethylene Management” Ripening & Ethylene Management”

• www.bananaplanters.com
• www.google.com.pk/bananas-high-demandpakistan.
• www.cabi.org