TMD measurements and requirements at the EIC Towards a New Frontier - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TMD measurements and requirements at the EIC Towards a New Frontier in Nuclear Physics Markus Diefenthaler

The dynamical nature of nuclear matter Nuclear Matter Structures and interactions are Observed properties of bound states such as inextricably mixed up mass and spin emerge out of the complex system DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.015203 M p = 1000 MeV Ultimate goal Understand how matter at its most To reach goal precisely image quarks and gluons fundamental level is made and their interactions JLEIC Collaboration Meeting 2 April 1-3, 2019

Transverse-momentum dependent PDFs Novel QCD phenomena JHEP 1706 (2017) 081 x = 10 - 3 arXiv:1902.08474 x f 1 ( x, k T ) uncertainty 20 % ( d + d )/ 2 x = 10 - 2 15 % 10 % x = 0.1 5 % 3D imaging in space and momentum longitudinal structure (PDF) + transverse position Information (GPDs) 0.1 + transverse momentum information (TMDs) 0.06 order of a few hundred MeV 0.02 k T ( GeV ) 0.5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. JLEIC Collaboration Meeting 3 April 1-3, 2019

Advances in Nuclear Physics Quantum Chromodynamics Accelerator technologies Computer technologies Detector technologies JLEIC Collaboration Meeting 4 April 1-3, 2019

Measurements with A ≥ 56 (Fe): eA/μA DIS (E-139, E-665, EMC, NMC) ν A DIS (CCFR, CDHSW, CHORUS, NuTeV) DY (E772, E866) ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ √ √ Electron-Ion Collider: Frontier accelerator facility in the U.S. ge i ep Study structure and 10 3 Current polarized DIS data: CERN DESY JLab SLAC dynamics of nuclear Current polarized BNL-RHIC pp data: Q 2 (GeV 2 ) matter in ep and eA PHENIX π 0 STAR 1-jet collisions with high 10 2 EIC √ s= 140 GeV, 0.01 ≤ y ≤ 0.95 EIC √ s= 45 GeV, 0.01 ≤ y ≤ 0.95 luminosity and versatile range of beam energies, beam 10 polarizations, and beam species. 1 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 eA 1 x 3 Measurements with A ≥ 56 (Fe): 10 eA/μA DIS (E-139, E-665, EMC, NMC) 212.1701 10 ν A DIS (CCFR, CDHSW, CHORUS, NuTeV) DY (E772, E866) 2 10 Q 2 (GeV 2 ) EIC √ s = 90 GeV, 0.01 ≤ y ≤ 0.95 Q 2 (GeV 2 ) EIC √ s = 45 GeV, 0.01 ≤ y ≤ 0.95 10 10 perturbative 1 10 non-perturbative 0.1 -4 -3 -2 -1 10 10 10 10 1 x x JLEIC Collaboration Meeting 5 April 1-3, 2019

Why an Electron-Ion Collider? Understanding of nuclear matter is transformational , Right tool : perhaps in an even more dramatic way than how the to precisely image quarks and gluons and • understanding of the atomic and molecular structure their interactions of matter led to new frontiers, new sciences and new to explore the new QCD frontier of strong • technologies. color fields in nuclei to understand how matter at its most • fundamental level is made . JLEIC Collaboration Meeting 6 April 1-3, 2019

EIC: A new frontier in science Dynamical Fundamental Unknowns Breakthrough New Sciences, System Knowns Structure Probes New Frontiers (Date) Solid state physics Electromagnetism Structure X-ray Diffraction Solids (~1920) Molecular biology Atoms 1801 DNA Quantum Gravity, General Relativity Precision Large Scale Surveys Universe Dark matter, Dark Observational Standard Model CMB Probes energy. Structure Cosmology (~2000) CMB 1965 Non-perturbative QCD Nuclei Perturbative QCD Structure & CEBAF12 Structure Quarks and Gluons and Nucleons Dynamics in QCD (2018) 2017 Electron-Ion Collider (2025+) JLEIC Collaboration Meeting 7 April 1-3, 2019

EIC: Ideal facility for studying TMDs include non-perturbative, perturbative, and transition regimes Various beam energy broad Q 2 range for • studying TMD evolution • disentangling non-perturbative and perturbative regimes overlap with existing m easurements • overlap with existing experiments High luminosity Multi-dimensional analysis on event level high statistics in five or more dimensions and multiple particles JLEIC Collaboration Meeting 8 April 1-3, 2019

EIC: Ideal facility for studying TMDs Polarization Understanding hadron structure cannot be done without understanding spin: • polarized electrons and polarized protons/light ions (d, 3 He) • including tensor polarization for d Longitudinal and transverse and polarization of light ions (d, 3 He) • 3D imaging in space and momentum • spin-orbit correlations encoded in TMDs JLEIC Collaboration Meeting 9 April 1-3, 2019

TMD program in EIC White Paper Ultimate measurement of TMDs for quarks • high luminosity • high-precision measurement multi-dimensional analysis ( x, Q 2 , ϕ S, z, P t , ϕ h ) • • broad x coverage 0.01 < x < 0.9 broad Q 2 range disentangling non-perturbative / perturbative regimes • First (?) measurement of TMDs for sea quarks First (?) measurement of TMDs for gluons Nuclear dependence of TMDs Systematic factorization studies JLEIC Collaboration Meeting 10 April 1-3, 2019

Projected luminosity needs (EIC Whitepaper) EIC luminosity ~650 fb -1 EIC luminosity 100 – 1000 times HERA luminosity: 6 fb -1 /week è 100 fb -1 /year 0.6 fb -1 to 6 fb -1 /week of running or assuming 10 7 s in year (running ~1/3 of the • average luminosity (while running) of 10 33 to 10 34 cm -2 s -1 • year or a snowmass year) We cannot start the TMD program without high luminosity. We need high-luminosity at the start of physics running at the EIC. JLEIC Collaboration Meeting 11 April 1-3, 2019

Requirements for TMD measurements Discussion What are our goals for the TMD program at the EIC? • • How do we accomplish our goals? • What can we do now and what do we need to do now? E.g .: We need to know R SIDIS and we plan to measure it at Jefferson Lab. . • • Theory • If we have precise measurements of TMDs what do we learn about big questions, e.g., chiral symmetry breaking, confinement, spin of the nucleon etc.? What will be our next steps? • Extraction of TMDs from SIDIS measurements requires comprehensive understanding of TMD hadronization • Interplay Theory and Experiment “ It will be joint progress of theory and experiment that moves us forward, not in one side alone” Donald Geesaman (ANL, former NSAC Chair) • Accelerator Building the right probe: High luminosity, sensitivity to intrinsic transverse momenta • Detector Total acceptance detector and particle identification over a broad momentum range, optimize detector design • Analysis Multi-dimensional analysis on event level, high-precision MCEG (this talk) JLEIC Collaboration Meeting 12 April 1-3, 2019

Monte Carlo Event Generator MCEG • faithful representation of QCD dynamics • based on QCD factorization and evolution equations MCEG algorithm 1. Generate kinematics according to fixed-order matrix elements and a PDF. 2. QCD Evolution via parton shower model (resummation of soft gluons and parton-parton scatterings). 3. Hadronize all outgoing partons including the remnants according to a model. 4. Decay unstable hadrons. JLEIC Collaboration Meeting 13 April 1-3, 2019

MCEG in Experiment and Theory Experiment Theory Design Simulate experime data nts Investi- Analysis gate MCEG proto- theory typing advances Validate Compare against to theory theory advances Lesson from HEP high-precision QCD measurements require high-precision MCEGs 14

MCEG Developers MCnet 7 countries, 12+ institutions, 62+ scientists 15

Workshops: MCEGs for future ep and eA facilities MCEG2018 19–23 March 2018 Started as satellite workshop during POETIC-8 • Collaboration EIC User Group (EICUG) – MCnet • Goal of workshop series Requirements for MCEGs for ep and eA • R&D for MCEGs for ep and eA • MCEG2019 20–22 February 2019 Status of ep and eA in general-purpose MCEG • Status of NLO simulations for ep • TMDs and GPDs and MCEGs • Merging QED and QCD effects • 16

Results from Rivet workshop Results from Rivet workshop A. Verbytskyi (MPI Munich) Comparisons to combined H1 and ZEUS analysis Comparsions to D in DIS Comparsions to D in DIS Differential D ∗ ± -production cross section as function of Q 2 Differential D ∗ ± -production cross section as function of p T ( D ∗ ± ) • Combined H1 and ZEUS • Combined H1 and ZEUS d Q 2 d σ d p T ( D ∗ ± ) [nb/GeV] JHEP 1509 (2015) 149 Data JHEP 1509 (2015) 149 Data with high-Q 2 Herwig 714 1 10 − 1 with high-Q 2 Herwig 714 cut applied Pythia 8240 analysis [JHEP 1509 (2015) 149] cut applied Pythia 8240 analysis [JHEP 1509 (2015) 149] Rapgap 3302 Rapgap 3302 10 − 2 Sherpa 300 d d σ 10 − 1 Sherpa 300 • Comapared to • Comapared to 10 − 3 10 − 2 JHEP 1509 (2015) 149 10 − 4 JHEP 1509 (2015) 149 • Pythia 8.240 • Pythia 8.240 with high-Q2 cut applied with high-Q2 cut applied 10 − 3 1 . 4 1 . 4 1 . 3 1 . 3 • Herwig 7.1.4 MC/Data 1 . 2 • Herwig 7.1.4 MC/Data 1 . 2 1 . 1 1 . 1 1 1 0 . 9 0 . 9 0 . 8 0 . 8 0 . 7 • Sherpa 3.0.0 0 . 7 • Sherpa 3.0.0 0 . 6 0 . 6 0 . 5 0 . 5 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 1 Q 2 [GeV 2 ] p T ( D ∗ ± ) [GeV] • RapGap 3.303 • RapGap 3.303 [Plots by A. Verbytskyi] [Plots by A. Verbytskyi] 17 20 20