Three Acts of the Mind Mental Act: Verbal Expression: Simple - - PDF document

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Mar 21, 2024 14 likes •155 views

Three Acts of the Mind Mental Act: Verbal Expression: Simple Apprehension Term Judgment Proposition Deductive Inference Syllogism Slide 5-1 The Four Logical Statements The four logical statements The quantifier

SLIDE 1

1

Three Acts of the Mind

Simple Apprehension
Judgment
Deductive Inference
Term
Proposition
Syllogism

Mental Act: Verbal Expression:

Slide 5-1

The Four Logical Statements

The four logical statements The quantifier Quality Quantity Distinguishing universal statements

Slide 5-2

SLIDE 2

2

Judgment is the act by which the intellect unites by affirming, or separates by denying.

Slide 5-3

The classification of propositions

Slide 5-4

SLIDE 3

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The Four Statements of Logic:

A: All S is P I: Some S is P E: No S is P O: Some S is not P

Slide 5-5

affirmo

The A statement affirms something about all of S, namely, P. All S is P

Slide 5-6

SLIDE 4

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Examples of A Statements

All men are mortal All cars are fast All boys are rude All girls are pretty

Slide 5-7

affirmo

The I statement affirms something about some S’s, namely P. Some S is P

Slide 5-8

SLIDE 5

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Examples of I Statements

Some men are mortal Some cars are fast Some boys are rude Some girls are pretty

Slide 5-9

nego

The E statement denies something about all S, namely P. No S is P

Slide 5-10

SLIDE 6

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Examples of E Statements

No men are mortal No cars are fast No boys are rude No girls are pretty

Slide 5-11

nego

The O statement denies something about some S’s, namely P. Some S is not P

Slide 5-12

SLIDE 7

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Examples of O Statements

Some men are not mortal Some cars are not fast Some boys are not rude Some girls are not pretty

Slide 5-13

The Four Elements of a Proposition

Quantifier Subject-term Predicate-term Copula

Slide 5-14

SLIDE 8

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The Four Kinds of Quantifier

All Some No Some … not

Slide 5-15

The Quality of a Proposition

affirmative negative

Slide 5-16

SLIDE 9

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Affirmative Propositions

A: All men are mortal I: Some men are happy

Slide 5-17

Negative Propositions

E: No men are gods O: Some men are not happy

Slide 5-18

SLIDE 10

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The Quantity of Propositions

Universal Particular

Slide 5-19

Universal Propositions

A: All men are mortal E: No men are gods

Slide 5-20

SLIDE 11

11 Quantity and Quality of Quantity and Quality of the Four Categorical the Four Categorical Statements Statements

Quality Affirmative Negative Universal A E Quantity Particular I O

Slide 5-21

Particular Propositions

I: Some men are happy O: Some men are not happy

Slide 5-22

SLIDE 12

12 Quantity and Quality of Quantity and Quality of the Four Categorical the Four Categorical Statements Statements

Quality Affirmative Negative Universal A E Quantity Particular I O

Slide 5-23

The general rule is that, in statements that do not contain a quantifier, all is intended unless some is clearly indicated.

Slide 5-24

Distinguishing Universal Statements

SLIDE 13

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Distinguishing Universal Statements

Frogs are ugly = All frogs are ugly BUT Men are setting sail = Some men are setting sail

Slide 5-25

Terms in which the subject is an individual are universal Socrates is a man

Slide 5-26

SLIDE 14

14

The Four Logical Statements

The four logical statements The quantifier Quality Quantity Distinguishing universal statements

Slide 5-27