“threatening but also super welcoming”
98-348: Lecture 0
About me • Satoru Ozaki (sozaki) • Class of 2020, linguistics major • I love (generative) syntax! • I speak Mandarin Chinese and Japanese • I am learning Swedish
About you • Your name • What languages you speak/learn/learned • Anything else you’d like us to know
What is OI (Old Icelandic)??? • For now: an • ancient, • extinct language • spoken once in Norway and Iceland • around 750-1350 AD • has a lot of descendants, among which modern Icelandic preserves the most aspects of it Red areas on the map! →
Why learn OI???
About this class (also see syllabus) • 3 goals • Know linguistics aka. how languages do things • Learn OI grammar aka. how OI does things • Learn OI aka. learning OI vocab, understanding/translating OI texts, confusing yourself if you are already learning an OI descendant, i.e. a Scandinavian language • 50% language, 50% linguistics
About this class • Rough semester schedule • 1/3: learning OI grammar • Then: reading and translating OI texts • All the time: talking about concepts in linguistics, talking about how languages do things, learning OI vocab ( also very important! ) • Maybe: writing your own stories (sagas!), etc. • Guest lectures!
What to do for the last 1-3 weeks? • Choose some favorite topic from the semester and focus on it? • Some options for now: • Just more readings and translations • Epics, like The Prose Edda and The Poetic Edda • More about Proto-Germanic > OI • …
Sharing is a virtue • For the first few classes, we will talk a lot about • Linguistic concepts, and • Strategies employed by different languages • What do I mean by that? An example…
Example: pro -drop • In English, you always need a subject: The star (*) indicates that the sentence is • I speak English. The students spoke up. ungrammatical , i.e. bad! • * Speak English. * Spoke up. • In Spanish, you never need the subject for the 1st and 2nd persons , i.e. ”I”, ” you ”, ” we ”, ”y’all”; the information is encoded in the verb: • Habl o inglés. “ I speak English.” • Habl as español. “ You speak Spanish.” • If the subject is clear from context, you don’t need the subject for the 3rd person either , i.e. ” he/she/it/they ”: • (some discussion about John)… Habl a japonés . ” He (= John) speaks Japanese .”
Example: pro -drop • But in both English and Spanish, you can’t drop the object: • I ate the apple. vs. I ate. Different ”eat”s • Who ate the apple? * I ate. Even though the object is clear from context, this is still bad! • But in Japanese, you can: • Ringo tabeta? Tabeta. apple ate ate ’ Did you eat apple ?’ ’ Ate .’ ’ Did you eat the apple ?’ ’I did .’ • No subject! No subject or object! If anything can be inferred from context, you can drop it
Here we have a table • Spanish and Japanese are called Language Can we drop the Can we drop the subject? object? pro -drop languages English Never Never • There are fancy reasons behind Spanish Yes, then it’s Never this name, but think of it as inferred from “languages where you can drop context and verb the pronoun” ending Japanese Yes, then it’s Yes, then it’s • What’s the strategy for encoding inferred from inferred from subjects/objects in English? context context • For Spanish? • For Japanese?
More fun with tables • In English: • A: Where’s the table? • B: The kids were eating. • A: (Oh, they took the table because they needed it for the kids) • In Japanese: • A:Teeburu wa doko? Table is where The ’Where’s the table?’ kids • B:Kodomotachi were ga tabeteta. eating. The.kids were eating. ’The kids were eating .’ • A: (??????? The kids were eating the table???????)
Sharing is a virtue • It’s fun to see how different languages encode information in different ways! • When we are discussing a particular concept, feel free to share examples from a language you speak/know! • In general, feel free to interrupt if you have any questions/thoughts to share
Introduction to glosses Wow, so in order to indicate that the action is currently ongoing, instead of In Swedish, in order to say changing the ending on the verb, I don’t speak Swedish! ”I am reading (at this very you’d add in another verb! What is the green guy moment of speech )”, you’d say even talking about??? jag sitter och läser.
Glosses • Format in which data from language A is annotated using language B • Five-line gloss: • Jag sitter och läser. Sentence Sitter ‘sit’ was the verb that Jag sitter och läser. Words green guy was talking about! I sit and read. Words translated ‘I sit and read.’ Sentence literally translated ‘I am reading.’ Sentence translated • Three-line gloss: • Jag sitter och läser. Words I sit and read. Words translated ‘I am reading.’ Sentence translated
Practice! • Choose a language you speak • Write down what you would say in your language to order a salad • Write a gloss for that! • Example: Swedish Jag skulle vilja ha en sallad. I would want have a salad ‘I’d like a salad.’
Assessment • Quiz (not graded) • Every class, 5 min • Homework (graded) • Released every class, collected next class • Should take <30 min • Midterm and final (graded) • May be in-class or out-of-class • Closed notes, open dictionary (online!)
Assessment • Final grade = • Homeworks 30% • Midterm 30% • Final 40% • Pass/Fail boundary is 30% • Will be lowered if the exams are too difficult • The idea is that the content is hard but passing is easy
StuCo logistics • 3 units, Pass/Fail • >2 unexcused absences guarantee Fail • If you need to miss class, just let me know beforehand or send me an email before class (even at the last minute) • This is just a StuCo, it’s okay to miss class if you need time for your other classes/projects/etc., if you feel sick, etc.
StuCo logistics • It’s sad to have to drop this class (or any StuCo ) because you’ve accumulated >2 unexcused absences, please don’t • If you have to drop, drop before the drop deadline! • Don’t be this person
Counting this StuCo towards your linguistics minor • This seems possible, according to Tom • If you are interested, please contact Tom (twerner)!
Quick survey • Who’s doing/considering a linguistics major/minor? • Who’s taken 80 -180: Ñature of Language? • Who’s learned a foreign language before? • Who’s studied Latin or Ancient Greek before?
Course website • [Link here] • Syllabus, slides, homeworks, reading lists and links, etc.
Textbook • New Introduction to Old Norse , Michael Barnes (2008). • http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/NION-1.pdf • Optional: An Introduction to Old Norse , E. V. Gordon (1926). • This seems to be available on the Internet Web Archive. • Ugly: Viking Language 1: Learn Old Norse, Runes, and Icelandic Sagas , Jesse L. Byock (2013).
Some advertisements • Try linguistics classes! • Try modern language classes! (Also offered at Pitt) • Join the linguistics club!
Problems • Do people want a better classroom? • Do people want a Piazza?
Next semester: Old Akkadian vs. Old Irish
Also
Recommend
More recommend
