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The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2
LIINU KOSKELA 3.11.2016
Contents
Introduction and background Research questions and the aim of the study Practices
- Input
- Assumptions
- Simulation
Results Conclusions
The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2 LIINU KOSKELA - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2 LIINU KOSKELA - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2 LIINU KOSKELA 3.11.2016 Contents Introduction and background Research questions and the aim of the study Practices Input Assumptions Simulation Results Conclusions
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Introduction and background
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Introduction and background
Western Wind and Solar Intergration Study (WWSIS) Study Phase 2 Conducted by NREL, US, 2013 Authors:
- D. Lew, G. Brinkman, E. Ibanez, A. Florita, M. Heaney, B.-M. Hodge, M. Hummon, G. Stark, J. King, S.A.
Lefton, N. Kumar, D. Agan, G. Jordan and S. Venkataraman
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Introduction and background
Cycling Impacts of cycling
- Costs
- Emissions
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Introduction and background: Study questions
What are the increased costs because of wear and tear on fossil-fueled plant? Do these wear-and-tear costs significantly reduce the benefits of wind and solar? Will incorporating these costs into optimization of grid operation reduce cycling? What are the emissions impacts of cycling? How do wind impacts compare to solar impacts on cycling and grid operation?
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Practices
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Practices
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Wind (and solar) Input
Typical wind plant output for 2004 to 2006 with some corrections WWSIS-2 used a DA (day ahead) and 4HA (4 hours ahead) forecasts and a real-time dispatch every 5 minutes Solar power output was modeled with Hummons’s & co. algorithm Solar forecasts were same as in WWSIS-1
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System input
The amount of conventional generators were same in all cases The fossile fuel plants were divided into seven cases:
- Coal
- Small, subcritical steam (35 MW–299 MW)
- Large, subcritical steam (300 MW–900 MW)
- Large, supercritical steam (500 MW–1,300 MW)
- Gas
- Combined cycle (CC)—combustion turbine (CT)/steam turbine (ST), heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)
- Simple-cycle, large-frame CT
- Simple-cycle, aero-derivative CT
- Steam (50 MW–700 MW)
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Scenarios
1. No Renewables—0% wind, 0% solar 2. TEPPC—9.4% wind, 3.6% solar (the base case) 3. High Wind—25% wind, 8% solar 4. High Solar—25% solar, 8% wind 5. High Mix—16.5% wind, 16.5% solar
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Scenarios
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Scenarios - Assumptions
Each zone meets their own flexibility Real-time start for CT and internal combustion Gas price $4,60/MMBtu No new connections to Mexico or Canada
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Simulations
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Simulations
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Simulations
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Simulations
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Results
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Production
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Production
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Displaced generation
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Costs
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Emissions
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Conclusions
Renewables increased cycling costs but decreased production costs More ramping in coal generators in high wind scenario Emission savings: CO2: 29-34%, NOx: 16-22%, SO2: 14-24%, cycling effect is small
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Evaluation
Transmission scenarios to Mexico and Canada were not included Rarely examined subject One year wind data No dynamic studies A few different economic cases Does not take into account the installation costs Models
- Two forecasts and real time dispatch every 5 minutes
- Optimized security