The Use of Hyperspectral Sounding Radiances for Climate Analyses - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Use of Hyperspectral Sounding Radiances for Climate Analyses - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 05, 2022 114 likes •651 views

The Use of Hyperspectral Sounding Radiances for Climate Analyses Experience with AIRS William L. Smith 1,2,3 , Elisabeth Weisz 1 , et. al., 1 University of Wisconsin-Madison 2 NASA/LaRC (SSAI) 3 Hampton University AIRS Science Team Meeting

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SLIDE 1

The Use of Hyperspectral Sounding Radiances for Climate Analyses – Experience with AIRS

William L. Smith1,2,3, Elisabeth Weisz1, et. al.,

1 University of Wisconsin-Madison 2 NASA/LaRC (SSAI) 3 Hampton University

AIRS Science Team Meeting (13-16 October 2009 Greenbelt MD)

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SLIDE 2

Objective

  • Develop and test a “Single Field-of-View” climate variable

retrieval method which can be applied to low horizontal resolution (e.g., 100-km) hyperspectral satellite data (e.g., IRIS and CLARREO) as well as high spatial resolution (e.g., 13-km) operational hyperspectral sounder (e.g., AIRS, IASI, CrIS) radiance observations, in order to obtain algorithm independent assessments of climate change.

  • Test this algorithm using 6-years (2003-2008) AIRS

radiance data

  • Validate this algorithm using ECMWF (ERA-Interim) re-

analyses of global observing system (satellite plus conventional) data and intercomparing the 100-km FOV product with that obtained from full resolution (13-km) AIRS data.

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SLIDE 3

“Climate” Single FOV Technique

“Clear-trained” and “Cloud-trained” EOF regression IR hyperspectral sounder retrievals of: surface skin temperature, CO2 concentration, cloud top altitude, effective cloud optical depth, and atmospheric temperature, moisture, and ozone profiles above the cloud and below thin or scattered cloud (i.e., cloud effective optical depth < 1.5 and a cloud induced temperature attenuation < 15 K.

  • 1. Cloud height: Level where “cloud-trained” temperature profile retrieval

becomes systematically greater than the “clear-trained” temperature profile retrieval. (The Cloud-trained EOF regression solution coefficients are selected from a set of ten classes of cloud-height stratified 200-hPa overlapping layers. The proper class is determined using a non-linear (i.e., iterative) cloud pressure regression estimator. The initial value is determined using an unclassified by cloud height linear regression operator.)

  • 2. Cloud optical depth: Estimated using classified EOF regression
  • 3. Atmospheric profile:

a) above the cloud: “clear-trained” retrieval b) below the cloud: “cloud-trained” retrieval

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SLIDE 4

1500 Channels Used

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SLIDE 5

AIRS Cloud Height & T/RH Profile Examples

(1) T-cloud: Highest level where Tcld(p) >Tclr(p) to the ground where Tcld(p) & Tclr(p) obtained by EOF regression (2) RH-cloud: Highest RHclr peak > 75% (3) Profile cloud height taken as (1) above (4) T = Tclr & RH = RHclr above cloud (5) If [“Optical Depth” <= 1.5 & Max [(Tcld (p) – Tclr (p)] < 15K then the below cloud profiles are.: T(p) = Tcld(p) and RH(p) = RHcld(p) Otherwise: T(p) & RH(p) = “missing”

Cloud and Profile Determination:

AIRS-T = 661-hPa AIRS-RH = 684-hPa CALIPSO = 680-hPa CloudSat= 718-hPa RH-profile senses optically thin cirrus T-profile senses lower cloud 34 S, 87 W AIRS-T = 778-hPa AIRS-RH = 103-hPa CALIPSO = 101-hPa CloudSat = 717-hPa 10 S, 124E AIRS-T = 118-hPa AIRS-RH = 103-hPa CALIPSO = 94-hPa CloudSat = 115-hPa 11 N, 193 E

August 7, 2007

“Cloud-Trained” “Clear Trained” “Combined”

August 7, 2007

“Cloud-Trained” “Clear Trained” “Combined”

50 100%

Relative Humidity

50 100%

Relative Humidity

50 100%

Relative Humidity “Cloud-Trained” “Clear Trained” “Combined” Temperature Temperature Temperature

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SLIDE 6

AIRS-T, AIRS-RH, CALIPSO, & CloudSat

Highest Co-located AIRS FOV Cloud Altitudes (2.5 deg. grid average)

AIRS-T Cld Ht (Aug. 7, 2007) CloudSat Cld Ht (Aug. 7, 2007) CALIPSO Cld Ht (Aug 7, 2007) AIRS-RH Cld Ht (Aug. 7, 2007)

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SLIDE 7

Inter-comparison Criteria

(AIRS, CALIPSO, and CloudSat co-located* fields of view)

  • MODIS Clear Probability = 0%
  • IIR FOV average radiance difference ≤ 1 %
  • CALIPSO Number of Cloud Layers ≤ 2

* Co-locations provided by Nagle and Holz (UW-CIMSS)

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SLIDE 8

IR-Profile Vs CALIPSO Cloud Height IR-Profile Vs CloudSat Cloud Height

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SLIDE 9

AIRS-T CALIPSO CALIPSO Vs CloudSat Cloud Height AIRS-T Vs CloudSat Cloud Height

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SLIDE 10

2003‐2008 Monthly Mean Temperature and Rela7ve Humidity for February and August (Nadir AIRS/”CLARREO” Vs ECMWF)

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SLIDE 11

Simula2ng “CLARREO” Data from AIRS

  • Use Nadir‐only samples
  • “CLARREO” = 6 x 6 average (≈100‐km

resolu7on and spacing) AIRS Measurements

  • “AIRS” = Clearest of six (≈ 13‐km

resolu7on and 100‐km spacing)

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SLIDE 12

850 hPa Temperature (2003‐2008)

February ECMWF 850 hPa Temperature ECMWF 850 hPa Temperature AIRS 850 hPa Temperature AIRS 850 hPa Temperature February August August

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SLIDE 13

February ECMWF 850 hPa Temperature ECMWF 850 hPa Temperature August February CLARREO 850 hPa Temperature

850 hPa Temperature (2003‐2008)

August CLARREO 850 hPa Temperature

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SLIDE 14

850 hPa Humidity (2003‐2008)

ECMWF 850 hPa Rela7ve Humidity ECMWF 850 hPa Rela7ve Humidity AIRS 850 hPa Rela7ve Humidity AIRS 850 hPa Rela7ve Humidity February February August August

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SLIDE 15

850 hPa Humidity (2003‐2008)

ECMWF 850 hPa Rela7ve Humidity ECMWF 850 hPa Rela7ve Humidity February August February CLARREO 850 hPa Rela7ve Humidity August CLARREO 850 hPa Rela7ve Humidity

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SLIDE 16

500 hPa Temperature (2003‐2008)

ECMWF 500 hPa Temperature ECMWF 500 hPa Temperature AIRS 500 hPa Temperature February February August August AIRS 500 hPa Temperature

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SLIDE 17

500 hPa Temperature (2003‐2008)

ECMWF 500 hPa Temperature ECMWF 500 hPa Temperature February August February CLARREO 500 hPa Temperature August CLARREO 500 hPa Temperature

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SLIDE 18

500 hPa Humidity (2003‐2008)

ECMWF 500 hPa Rela7ve Humidity ECMWF 500 hPa Rela7ve Humidity AIRS 500 hPa Rela7ve Humidity AIRS 500 hPa Rela7ve Humidity February February August August

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SLIDE 19

500 hPa Humidity (2003‐2008)

ECMWF 500 hPa Rela7ve Humidity ECMWF 500 hPa Rela7ve Humidity February August February CLARREO 500 hPa Rela7ve Humidity August CLARREO 500 hPa Rela7ve Humidity

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SLIDE 20

300 hPa Temperature (2003‐2008)

ECMWF 300 hPa Temperature ECMWF 300 hPa Temperature AIRS 300 hPa Temperature AIRS 300 hPa Temperature February February August August

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SLIDE 21

300 hPa Temperature (2003‐2008)

ECMWF 300 hPa Temperature ECMWF 300 hPa Temperature February August February CLARREO 300 hPa Temperature August CLARREO 300 hPa Temperature

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SLIDE 22

300 hPa Humidity (2003‐2008)

ECMWF 300 hPa Rela7ve Humidity ECMWF 300 hPa Rela7ve Humidity AIRS 300 hPa Rela7ve Humidity AIRS 300 hPa Rela7ve Humidity February February August August

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SLIDE 23

300 hPa Humidity (2003‐2008)

ECMWF 300 hPa Rela7ve Humidity ECMWF 300 hPa Rela7ve Humidity February August February CLARREO 300 hPa Rela7ve Humidity August CLARREO 300 hPa Rela7ve Humidity

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SLIDE 24

50 hPa Temperature (2003‐2008)

ECMWF 50 hPa Temperature ECMWF 50 hPa Temperature AIRS 50 hPa Temperature AIRS 50 hPa Temperature February February August August

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SLIDE 25

50 hPa Temperature (2003‐2008)

ECMWF 50 hPa Temperature ECMWF 50 hPa Temperature February August August CLARREO 50 hPa Temperature February CLARREO 50 hPa Temperature

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SLIDE 26

2003‐2008 “Annual” (February + August) Mean Temperature and Rela7ve Humidity 6‐yr Trend (Nadir AIRS/CLARREO Vs ECMWF)

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SLIDE 27

850 hPa 6‐Year Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐year Trend AIRS 850 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐Year Trend ECMWF 850 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐year Trend ECMWF 850 hPa Temperature 6‐year Trend AIRS 850 hPa Temperature

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SLIDE 28

850 hPa 6‐Year Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐Year Trend ECMWF 850 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐year Trend ECMWF 850 hPa Temperature 6‐year Trend CLARREO 850 hPa Temperature 6‐year Trend CLARREO 850 hPa Rela7ve Humidity

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SLIDE 29

500 hPa 6‐Year Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐year Trend AIRS 500 hPa Temperature 6‐year Trend AIRS 500 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐year Trend ECMWF 500 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐year Trend ECMWF 500 hPa Temperature

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SLIDE 30

500 hPa 6‐Year Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐year Trend ECMWF 500 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐year Trend ECMWF 500 hPa Temperature 6‐year Trend CLARREO 500 hPa Temperature 6‐year Trend CLARREO 500 hPa Rela7ve Humidity

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SLIDE 31

300 hPa 6‐Year Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐year Trend AIRS 300 hPa Temperature 6‐year Trend AIRS 300 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐year Trend ECMWF 300 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐year Trend ECMWF 300 hPa Temperature

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SLIDE 32

300 hPa 6‐Year Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐year Trend ECMWF 300 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐year Trend ECMWF 300 hPa Temperature 6‐year Trend CLARREO 300 hPa Temperature 6‐year Trend CLARREO 300 hPa Rela7ve Humidity

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SLIDE 33

50 hPa 6‐Year Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐year Trend AIRS 50 hPa Temperature 6‐year Trend AIRS 50 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐year Trend ECMWF 50 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐year Trend ECMWF 50 hPa Temperature

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SLIDE 34

50 hPa 6‐Year Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐year Trend ECMWF 50 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐year Trend ECMWF 50 hPa Temperature 6‐year Trend CLARREO 50 hPa Temperature CLARREO 50 hPa Rela7ve Humidity 6‐year Trend

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SLIDE 35

Global Mean Trends (ECMWF Vs AIRS Vs CLARREO)

Parameter ECMWF AIRS CLARREO Difference 850 T (K/yr) ‐0.029 ‐0.120 ‐0.198 ‐0.078 850 RH (%/ yr) +0.154 ‐0.366 ‐0.361 +0.005 500 T ‐0.021 ‐0.123 ‐0.125 ‐0.002 500 RH +0.073 ‐0.078 ‐0.106 ‐0.028 300 T ‐0.006 ‐0.070 ‐0.066 +0.006 300 RH ‐0.093 +0.071 +0.052 ‐0.019 50 T +0.013 ‐0.027 ‐0.026 ‐0.001

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SLIDE 36

Summary & Conclusion

  • ECMWF ERA must be very good. Compares well with

independent satellite product (i.e., Dual EOF Regn AIRS)

  • Dual EOF Regression Single FOV Retrieval works well -

100-km FOV compares well to 13-km FOV

  • Amazing correspondence between monthly mean values of

twice per day Nadir AIRS and CLARREO proxy retrievals with ECMWF analyses of all GOS data – Regional Monthly Means – Regional 6-year trends in “Annual” Mean

  • Next step: Produce 5-Decade regional trend results from

1970 IRIS hyperspectral FTS data and AIRS/IASI data degraded to IRIS spectral (1.4 cm-1, unapodized) and spatial (100-km) resolution.

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SLIDE 37

2003‐2006 Comparisons of Results with AIRS Science Team Temperature and Rela7ve Humidity

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SLIDE 38

Dual Regn AIRS/CLARREO, ScTm AIRS+AMSU, ECMWF (2003‐2008)

6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean ECMWF 850 hPa Temperature S‐team AIRS 850 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean DReg CLARREO 850 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean DReg AIRS 850 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean

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SLIDE 39

Dual Regn AIRS/CLARREO, ScTm AIRS+AMSU, ECMWF (2003‐2008)

S‐team AIRS 500 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean ECMWF 500 hPa Temperature DReg CLARREO 500 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean DReg AIRS 500 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean

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SLIDE 40

Dual Regn AIRS/CLARREO, ScTm AIRS+AMSU, ECMWF (2003‐2008)

S‐team AIRS 300 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean ECMWF 300 hPa Temperature DReg CLARREO 300 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean DReg AIRS 300 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean

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SLIDE 41

Dual Regn AIRS/CLARREO, ScTm AIRS+AMSU, ECMWF (2003‐2008)

S‐team AIRS 50 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean ECMWF 50 hPa Temperature DReg CLARREO 50 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean DReg AIRS 50 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean

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SLIDE 42

Dual Regn AIRS/CLARREO, ScTm AIRS+AMSU, ECMWF (2003‐2008)

S‐team AIRS 850 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean ECMWF 850 hPa Humidity DReg CLARREO 850 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean DReg AIRS 850 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean

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SLIDE 43

Dual Regn AIRS/CLARREO, ScTm AIRS+AMSU, ECMWF (2003‐2008)

S‐team AIRS 500 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean ECMWF 500 hPa Humidity DReg CLARREO 500 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean DReg AIRS 500 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean

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SLIDE 44

Dual Regn AIRS/CLARREO, ScTm AIRS+AMSU, ECMWF (2003‐2008)

S‐team AIRS 300 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean ECMWF 300 hPa Humidity DReg CLARREO 300 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean DReg AIRS 300 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Mean

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SLIDE 45

Trend Comparisons

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SLIDE 46

6‐Year “Annual” Trend (2003‐2008)

DReg AIRS 850 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend ECMWF 850 hPa Temperature DReg CLARREO 850 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend S‐team AIRS 850 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend

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SLIDE 47

6‐Year “Annual” Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend ECMWF 850 hPa Humidity DReg AIRS 850 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend DReg CLARREO 850 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend S‐team AIRS 850 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend

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SLIDE 48

6‐Year “Annual” Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend ECMWF 500 hPa Temperature DReg CLARREO 500 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend DReg AIRS 500 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend S‐team AIRS 500 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend

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SLIDE 49

6‐Year “Annual” Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend ECMWF 500 hPa Humidity DReg CLARREO 500 hPa Humidity DReg AIRS 500 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend S‐team AIRS 500 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend

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SLIDE 50

6‐Year “Annual” Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend ECMWF 300 hPa Temperature DReg AIRS 300 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend DReg CLARREO 300 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend S‐team AIRS 300 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend

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SLIDE 51

6‐Year “Annual” Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend ECMWF 300 hPa Humidity DReg AIRS 300 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend DReg CLARREO 300 hPa Humidity S‐team AIRS 300 hPa Humidity 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend

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SLIDE 52

6‐Year “Annual” Trend (2003‐2008)

6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend ECMWF 50 hPa Temperature DReg AIRS 50 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend DReg CLARREO 50 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend S‐team AIRS 50 hPa Temperature 6‐yr “Annual” (Feb + Aug) Trend