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The Unger Parser brought to you today by: Anne Brock Outline Unger - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Unger Parser brought to you today by: Anne Brock Outline Unger - the man Unger - the parser Unger's method, simple version some improvements Unger's method, including - rules 1. Unger: The man Stephen H. Unger -

  1. The Unger Parser brought to you today by: Anne Brock

  2. Outline ● Unger - the man ● Unger - the parser ● Unger's method, simple version ● some improvements ● Unger's method, including ε - rules

  3. 1. Unger: The man Stephen H. Unger - Politechnic Institute of Brooklyn - doctorate at MIT - Bell Telephone Labs -research in digital systems -head of development group (first electronic telephone switching system) - since 1961: Prof. of Computer Science and Elec- trical Engeneering at Columbia University -1968: the Parser. -since: published several books.

  4. 2. The Parser ● non-directional ● top-down ● Type 2 grammars (CFG)

  5. 3. Unger's method, simplified Input: CFG and a String/sentence, for example: grammar: S > ABC | DE | F 'sentence': pqrs

  6. Does S derive... ABC | DE | F ?

  7. This is a search problem. Search: depth-first or breadth-first?

  8. A more detailed example Grammar: E -> E + T | T E = Expression T = Term T -> T x F | F F = Factor F -> (E) | i +, x = operators i = operand Input: ( i + i ) x i

  9. E -> E + T | T

  10. E ->* ( i ? E -> E + T | T T -> T x F | F F -> (E) | i fails!

  11. to derive: ( i + i ) x i E -> E + T | T - fails! (E -> E + T | T) T -> T x F | F T -> T x F | F F -> (E) | i F -> (E) | i - success!

  12. E -> E + T | T T -> T x F | F F -> (E) | i

  13. 4. Room for improvement... - consider the actual terminal symbols - consider the length of your input

  14. 5. Unger's method with ε-rules S -> ABC B -> SD try and derive: B -> pqr

  15. S -> ABC B -> SD ... What to do about it? -> Keep a list of currently considered questions!

  16. An example. How does this grammar derive d ? dd ?

  17. d ?

  18. dd ?

  19. S ->* d ? S -> LSD -> SD -> LSDD -> SDD -> DD -> dD -> dd.

  20. Summary The Unger parser: - is a non-directional, top-down parser; - will consider each possible (and impossible) solution; - requires at least polynomial, if not exponential time; - is slightly improved by -matching input with possible derived terminals -calculating possible length, special case ε -remembering answers.

  21. ?

  22. Sources Grune, Dick and Jacobs, Ceriel 1990. Parsing Techniques. A Practical Guide. New York: Ellis Horwood Limited. Lukasz Kwiatowski. Reconciling Unger's parser as a top-down parser for CF grammars for experimental purposes. http://www.cs.vu.nl/~steven/ pictures from: www.cs.columbia.edu/async/images/unger.jpg http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu/photos/cambridge_boston/pages/trees%20in %20Cambridge%20Common.htm

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