The Study of Quinoa Salinity Tolerance in the Field Conditions By: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

International Quinoa Conference 2016: Quinoa for Future Food and Nutrition Security in Marginal Environments

Dubai, 6-8 December 2016 www.quinoaconference.com

The Study of Quinoa Salinity Tolerance in the Field Conditions

By: Mohammad Shahid and N.K. Rao

International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, UAE email: m.shahid@biosaline.org.ae

 situated in south eastern

corner of the Arabian Peninsula

 a relatively small

country with an area of 83, 600 square km

 most of the country is

desert which is part of a vast sea of sand called Rub’ al Khali or Empty Quarter

UAE geography

 Limited cultivated land  Most of the country is comprised of desert  Small area for agriculture farming is available.

Fewer water resources

 Annual rain is less than 120mm (4.7 inch) in

most of the areas

 Most of the ground water is brackish, which is

not suitable for majority of crops

Agricultural problems in the UAE

 To find crops which can be grown in such

harsh environments with limited amount of fresh water

 Apart from other crops, QUINOA was tried in

the United Arab Emirates to see its potential as food and feed

 Evaluation of the performance of selected

genotypes of quinoa for their productivity on different qualities of irrigation water. Challenges

Exper perimental Si Site

• The experiment was

conducted at the International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Dubai, United Arab Emirates

• 25°05.794 N
• 055°23.386 E

Experimental site

Soi Soil T Type

• The soils at ICBA experimental

fields are sandy in texture, that is, fine sand (sand 98%, silt 1%, and clay 1%)

• Calcareous (50–60% CaCO3

equivalents)

• Moderately alkaline (pH 8.22).
• Saturation percentage of the

soil is 26 and has very high drainage capacity

• Electrical conductivity of its

saturated extract (ECe) is 1.2 dS m−1 .

Soil type

S.N. Accessions S.N. Accessions 1 ICBA-Q1 11 Salcedo Inia 2 ICBA-Q2 12 Blanca Junin 3 ICBA-Q3 13 Amarilla Marangani 4 ICBA-Q4 14 L 11 5 ICBA-Q5 15 L 119 6 NSL 86649 16 L 123 7 Ames 13749 17 L 142 8 Ames 13757 18 L 143 9 Ames 22155 19 Puno 10 Inia 415 Pasankalla 20 Titicaca

Accessions

Planting

 Each set of accessions was

sown in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications

 Two water treatments (0

dS/m and 15 dS/m)

 Plot size was 2.5 x 2 m  The seeds were sown

manually by dibbling 3-4 seeds into the soil to a depth of 1-2 cm close to the dripper

 After sowing, field was

covered with Acryl sheet

Planting

Irrigation

• A drip irrigation system was

used

• with a spacing of 50 cm

between the laterals

• 25 cm between the

emitters has been installed in all of the experimental farms.

• water was applied for 15

min @ 4 L/h

Irrigation

Fertilizers

• Organic manure was

applied before planting @ 40 tons/ha

• Urea (46%) @ 30 kg/ha
• NPK @ 30 kg/ha

Fertilizers

Study

The growth performance and yield potential of the 20 quinoa accessions was evaluated based on the study of different characteristics including

Study

Plant Height

Plant height

Number of primary branches per plant

Number of primary branches per plant

Number of inflorescences per plant

Number of inflorescences per plant

Inflores escence l e leng ength

Inflorescence length

Yi Yield

Yield

1,000 g grain w weight

1,000 seed weight

Concentration of K and Na in seeds

Plant hei height

Plant height

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0

Plant height (cm)

non-saline saline

Number of r of branches p per er plan ant

Number of branches per plant

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 non-saline saline

Numbe ber o

• f inflores

escenc ences es p per p plant

Number of inflorescence per plant

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 non-saline saline

Inflores escence l e leng ength

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

Inflorescence length (cm)

non-saline saline

Inflorescence length

Seed y Seed yiel eld per per m m2

Seed yield per m2

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0

seed yild/m2 (g)

non-saline saline

1, 1,000 s 000 seed w weigh ght

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

1000 seed weight (g)

non-saline saline

1,000 seed weights

Na concentration in seeds

0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00 400.00 ICBA-Q1 ICBA-Q2 ICBA-Q3 ICBA-Q4 ICBA-Q5 NSL 86649 Ames 13749 Ames 13757 Ames 22155 Puno Titicaca

µg/50mg

Non-saline Saline

K concentration in seeds

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00 ICBA-Q1 ICBA-Q2 ICBA-Q3 ICBA-Q4 ICBA-Q5 Ames 13749 Ames 13757 Ames 22155 NSL 86649 Puno Titicaca

µg/50mg

Non-saline Saline

• Five of the quinoa lines (ICBA-Q1…Q5) developed at

ICBA performed better than the other accessions.

• Their performance was superior both at low and high

salinity

• These lines have the potential to be grown in the

similar type of regions with saline water of up 15 dS/m

• Salinity treatment increases the Na concentration in

the quinoa seeds up to 400%

Conclusions

Thanks